This document discusses progress towards the UN Millennium Development Goal of ensuring all children complete primary schooling by 2015. While great progress has been made in many countries, this target is unlikely to be met globally. The number of out of school children has declined but was still around 93 million in 2005-2006. Barriers to achieving universal primary education include high dropout rates in Africa, families being unable to afford school fees of around $3 per year, and around 41 million children remaining out of school in sub-Saharan Africa and 31.5 million in South Asia.