2. What is Matter?
Matter is everything in the Universe that takes up space and
has mass! An atom is the simplest part of matter. It cant be
split apart by any normal chemical or physical processes, Only
by nuclear reaction. A proton is About 0.00000000001 mm or
1/25,ooo,ooo,ooo,ooo inches in a diameter! Quarks, Neutrons
and Electrons are what make up an atom, and the Nucleus is
in the middle! So the Nucleus is the central core of an atom ,
Inside the Nucleus is a Charge that has no charge at all! A
Neutron. Another inside the Nucleus charge is a positive
charge, Protons! Whizzing around the Nucleus is a cloud of
negatively charged electrons. What About You? A human hair
is about 1 million atoms wide! You have 100,000 hairs on your
head. So that makes… You do the math!
3. There are different types of quarks,
Up
Down
Top
Bottom
Charm
Strange
These are the 6 quarks. Up and Down quarks make up Protons and Neutrons, Top, Bottom,
charm and strange quarks are believed to have decayed within a fraction of a second after
the big bang, although, they can be artificially by scientists.
4. 3 States of Matter
(There is 4 but I don’t know plasma)
5. Liquid
Molecules in a liquid can move past each other,
allowing the substance to flow. Liquids have a
definite volume but no definite shape. And that is
state No.1!
6. Solid
The molecules in a solid object are tightly packed
together. Solids have a definite volume and a definite
shape that is not easy to change. That’s state No.2!
7. Gas
Molecules in a gas are free to move around, filling all
the space around them. Gases have no definite shape
or volume.
8. L.A.S.E.R
(What? It doesn’t stand for anything!)
“Laser” is short for Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation. A Laser passes light or
electricity through a gas or a crystal to produce a
concentrated jet of light powerful enough to cut
through metal and precise enough to preform
surgery.
10. Ever Looked at a periodic table? Wonder what the numbers
mean? Color coded squares? What? They like color I guess?
Well, the bottom number means the total number of Protons
and Neutrons in the Nucleus of each atom! And the top one
means how many protons are in the atoms Nucleus. The
proper names are, Top: Atomic number. Bottom: Mass
Number. The symbols like for Nickel its Ni or Iron its Fe is
because in equations you will need to write fast and quick.
Instead of: H-y-d-r-o- Oh no! C-e-r-i- Ah! And so on. Instead: H +
Ce… and you get it done! Oh! The color! The color seprates it
into 9 groups,
Alkali metals, Alkali-earth metals, Transition metals, Rare
earths, Radioactive rare earths, Other metals, Semimetals,
Non-metals, Noble gases and Hydrogen. (hydrogen is not in
any group so it has its own! Lucky, lonely hydrogen.)
