This document introduces the concept of squares and square roots, explaining perfect squares, properties of square numbers, and methods for finding square roots. It provides various mathematical rules, examples, and patterns related to square numbers and includes problem-solving worksheets for practical application. Additionally, it discusses Pythagorean triplets and various methods for calculating square roots, including repeated subtraction and prime factorization.

1. Chapter-1
Square And Square Roots
Introduction
The square of a number is that number raised to the power 2.Or Multiplying itself.
A natural number n is called a perfect square or a square number if there exist a natural number
m. such that n=m2
.
Some Properties and Patterns of Some Square Numbers
1. A number having 2, 3, 7 or 8 at unit’s place is never a perfect square. Ex-142, 6593,
12347, are not perfect squares.
2. If a square number has 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, 9 respectively as its unit’s digit, it must be a square of
number with it’s unit’s place as 0, 1 or 9, 2 or 8, 5, 4 or 6, 3 or 7, respectively.
Sometimes it’s unit’s digit may not be same but they are not be a square number like 21,
20, 24, 35, 26, etc.
3. The number of zeros at the end of a perfect square is always even.
4. Squares of even numbers are always even numbers and squares of odd numbers are
always odd numbers. Ex- 22
=4, 32
=9
5. The square of a natural number other than one is either a multiple of 3 or exceeds a
multiple of 3 by1. Ex- 32
=9&42
=15+1= 3×5+1
6. The square of a natural number other than one is either a multiple of 4 or exceed a
multiple of 4 by 1. Ex- 42
=16 & 72
=48+1=4×12+1

2. 7. The sum of two consecutive triangular numbers is a square number.
8. The difference of squares of two consecutive natural numbers is equal to
their sum.
Ex- 52
– 42
= 5 + 4 = 9
72
– 62
= 7 + 6 =13
9. The square of a natural number n is equal to the sum of first n odd natural
numbers.
Ex- 12
= 1
22
= 1+3
32
= 1+3+5
42
= 1+3+5+7
52
= 1+3+5+7+9
--------
---------
n2
= 1+3+5+7+----------+n times odd number
n2
= 1+3+5+------------+(2n-1)
10. The square of a proper fraction is smaller than the fraction.
Ex- (2/3)2
= 4/9 then , 4/9<2/3

3. 11. There are 2n non-perfect square numbers between two consecutive square numbers n2
and
(n+1)2
.
Ex- Let n = 3, (n+1) = 3 + 1 = 4
n2
=32
= 9
(n+1)2
=42
= 16
Number of non squares between 9 & 16 are (2n = 2 × 3 = 6).
10,11,12,13,14,15 which are six.
12. A triplet ( m, n, p) of three natural numbers m, n, p is a Pythagorean triplet if m2
+ n2
=
p2
.
13. For any natural number m greater than 1 ( 2m, m2
–1, m2
+1 ) is a Pythagorean triplet.
14. If a,b,c are 3 natural numbers where a is the smallest one, then
(i) if a is odd then sum of other two number is a2
and their difference is 1
(ii) if a is even then sum of other two numbers is a2
/2 and their difference is 2.
15. Squares of natural numbers having all digits , follow the following pattern.
12
= 1
112
= 121
1112
= 12321 and so on.
16. Another pattern
72
= 49
672
= 4489
6672
= 444889

4. Worksheet – 1
Ex: – (1) Find non-perfect square numbers between 72
and 82
.
Solution: - 72
and 82
, here n=7
The non perfect square numbers in between 72
and 82
is 2n = 2 × 7 = 14.
Similarly solve other sums.
Question 8:- Whether all the options are Pythagorean triplet or not.
Solution:- Let ( i ) ( 3, 4, 5)
Here the lowest no. is 3 which is odd.
Other nos. are 4 & 5 whose sum is 4 + 5 = 9
Hence, 32
= 4 + 5 = 9
Also their difference is 5 – 4 = 1
As it satisfies the rule ( 3, 4, 5 ) is a Pythagorean triplet.
Let ( ii ) ( 6, 8, 10 )
Here the lowest number is 6 which is even.
Other two numbers are 8 & 10 whose sum is 8 + 10 = 18
Hence, 62
36
Also their difference is 10 – 8 = 2
It satisfies the rule. So, (6, 8, 10 ) is a Pythagorean triplet.
Other sums you can solve using properties.
2
=
2
= 10 + 8 = 18

5. Worksheet – 2
All the sums of this worksheet solve using repeated subtraction method.
Ex :- Find the square root of 81 using repeated subtraction method.
Solution :- 81 – 1 = 80 …………………… Step - 1
80 – 3 = 77 …………………… Step - 2
77 – 5 = 72 …………………… Step - 3
72 – 7 = 65 …………………… Step - 4
65 – 9 = 56 …………………… Step - 5
56 – 11 = 45 …………………… Step - 6
45 – 13 = 32 …………………... Step - 7
32 – 15 = 17 …………………… Step - 8
17 – 17 = 0 ……………………. Step -9
∴ 81 = 9
/
_

6. • Worksheet -3
In this worksheet solve all the sums with prime factorisation method.
Find square root of 24336
Factors of 24336 = 2×2×2×2×3×3×13×13
=
= 2×2×3×13
= 4×3×13
= 12×13
= 156
∴ = 156
Another question of worksheet-3
The area of square field is = 5184 m2
Side of the square field = 5184
5184 =
= 2×2×2×3×3
= 8×9
= 72
Side of square = 72 m

7. Cont. of previous slide
Length of the rectangle is twice of its breadth
Let breadth = x m
length = 2x m
Perimeter of Rectangle = Perimeter of Square
2(l+b) = 4×side
2(2x+x) = 4×72
2×3x = 288
6x = 288
x = (288)/6 =48
breadth = 48m
length = 2×48 = 96
Area of the Rectangle is l×b = 96×48
= 4608 m2
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Solve other worksheet Question with the help of Long division method

8. Ex-Which least number must be subtracted from 6203 it make a perfect square and also find the square root of
the number so obtained.
Here remainder is 274 which must be subtracted from 6203 to make it a perfect square
The new number = 6203-274 = 5929
The square root of 5929 = = 77
Other Ex- Find the least number of six-digits which is a perfect square. Find the square root of the given
number.
The least six-digits number = 1,00,000
When we subtract 144 the result no. is less than the least six-digits no.
So, we can take next no, that means we add 489 with 1,00,000 =1,00,000+489
=100489
Square root of 100489 is 317

9. Another example for finding square root of 3 correct upto three decimal places.
Find the square root of 7 correct to two decimal places.
Find the square root of 90 in estimation process.
81<90<100
92
<90<102
90 lies between 92
and 102
So, Let us take (9.5)2
= 9.5×9.5
= 90.25
But this is more than 90.
Now we take another (9.4)2
= 88.36
Which means 88.36<90<90.25
Here 90.25 is much closer than 88.36
Hence = 90.5

10. Answers of Brain Teaser
1. A. a) The difference between the squares of two consecutive number is equal to their
(ii) sum.
b) The digit in the thousands place of (1111)2
is (ii) 4.
c) Perfect squares cannot have 2,3,7 and 8 in its ones place.
d) The smallest number by which 72 must be divided to make it a perfect square
is (iv) 2.
e) The square root of 3.052009 has (i) 3 decimal places
B. a) The non-square numbers are there between 132
and 142
is 2x13 = 26
c) 5,7,9 is not a pythagorean triplet. Because 52
+ 72
= 25+49 =74 which is not
equal to 81 =92
. It does not satisfy the rule.
another method here a = 5(odd)
difference 9-7 = 2 which is not equal to 1.
It also not satisfy the rule
d) = 3
9 -1 = 8
8 – 3 = 5
5 – 5 = 0
e) Area of the square handkerchief is = 324 cm2
∴ The side of the square = =18 cm

11. 4. Smplify :
(i) = = = = x = 10
(ii) + + = + +
= 7+0.7+0.07
= 7.77
8. A General wishing to draw up his 64,019 men in the form of a square where he found
10 men extra.
So, 64019-10 =64009
The number of men in front row = =253
∴ 253 men in the front row.
HOTS
1. The cost of levelling a square lawn at Rs. 15 per square metre is Rs. 19,935
The are of the square lawn = = 1329
Side of the square lawn =
Perimetre of the square lawn = 4× side
Cost of fencing = Rs. 22 per metre
∴ Total cost required for fencing of the lawn = 4×side×22
Calculation part you can solve

12. 2. If = 1.414 , = 2.236 and = 1.732
(i) + = +
= +
= 6 + 4
= 6×1.414 + 4× 1.732
= 8.484 + 6.928
= 15.412

13. Assignment
Extra Question for ch-1
1. Find the square root of 18/5 correct upto two decimal places.
2. If the area of square field is 38.44 sqm. Then find the side of the square.
3. Find the least number by which 384 must be divided to make it a perfect square.
4. Find the least number, which must be added to 1825 to make it a perfect square.
5. Find the greatest 4- digit number which is a perfect square.
6. Find the value of (0.62)2
7. Find the length of the side of a square whose area is 441 m2
8. How many non-square numbers lie in between 81 and 225?
9. Find the square root of 10, correct to three decimal places.
10. Write pythagorean triplet if one number is 16.
11. 2025 plants are to be planted in a garden in such a way that each row contains as
many plants as the number of rows. Find the number of rows and the number of
plants in each row.
12. Find the square root of 7 upto three decimal places.
13. Find the square root of 800 by estimation method.
14. What is that decimal which when multiplied by itself 477.4225
15. Given that 2 = 1.414 and 5= 2.236, evaluate 36/5