The document outlines a lesson plan on pelvis anatomy designed for nursing students at Apollo College, covering the definition, structure, divisions, and types of the pelvis, along with pelvic joints and ligaments. The course aims to equip students with knowledge regarding the function and importance of the pelvis, especially in relation to childbirth. Teaching methods include lectures and discussions supported by audio-visual aids, focusing on comprehensive understanding and engagement during the 15-minute session.

1. THE PELVIS
MALLIKA.N​

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LESSON PLAN
ON
THE PELVIS
NAME: Mallika
TOPIC: The pelvis Anatomy
GROUP: Nursing students
PLACE: Apollo college of nursing
DURATION: 15 minutes
METHOD OF TEACHING: Lecture, discussion, Q and A
AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS: PowerPoint presentation, Whiteboard, and
pens

3. Specific objective: at the end of this class students should able to learn and gain
knowledge about the pelvis anatomy
General objectives: at the end of this class students able to learn on
 Discuss about introduction​of pelvis
 Define the definition of pelvis
 Explain the structure of the pelvis
 Enlist the types of pelvic bones
 List out Pelvic joints
 Discuss division of the pelvis- Brim, cavity, outlet
 Explain the diameters of the pelvis
 Debrief about deformities of the pelvis
 Conclude about pelvis
 ​
Summary​

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5. Introduction
 It Supports and protects the intestines, urinary bladder, and
internal sex organs.
 It provides attachment for muscles that balance and support the
trunk and move the legs, the hips, and the trunk.
 It supports the weight of the body (transmitted along lumbar
vertebrae) and transmits this force via the sacroiliac joints and the
pelvic bones, to the acetabulum and then to the head of the femur
on both sides – sitting body
 In females, forms a bony passage for the birth canal protects

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Definition
1. The pelvic girdle is a basin-shaped cavity and consists of two innominate bones(hip bones), the
sacrum, and the coccyx.
Myles Textbook for Midwives 17th edition page no.89
2. The pelvis, in human anatomy, basin-shaped complex of bones that connects the trunk and the
legs, and supports and balances the trunk.
- Oxford dictionary

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Structure of the pelvis
oTwo Hip Bones (Innominate or nameless)
The pelvis is formed by these pelvic bones are :-
oOne Sacrum
oOne Coccyx

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Two innominate bones
It is made up of three bones
1. Illium
2. Ischium
3. Pubic bone

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ILIUM
The Ilium is the flared-out part of the hip bone
It has the following parts:-
The Iliac crest has an upper border
•Concave border is Iliac fossa
•Anterior superior iliac spine
•Anterior inferior iliac spine
•Posterior superior iliac spine
•Posterior inferior iliac spine

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ISCHIUM
The Ischium is the thick lower part of the hip bone.
It has the following parts:-
•Acetabulum
•Ischial tuberosity
•Ischial spine: location in relation to fetal head, i.e. above(-), below(+), or at (zero
station)
•Greater sciatic Notch: extends from Sacro iliac joint to ischial spine
•Lesser sciatic Notch: extends from ischial spine to ischial tuberosity
•Obturator foramen: the passage of pelvic nerve fibers

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PUBLIC BONE
The two public bones form the anterior part of the hip bone.
It has the following parts:-
•Inferior rami of public bone (a)
•Superior rami of public bone (b)
•Symphysis pubis (a+b): It is formed at the junction of two public bones.
•Sub-public angle: angle between the inferior rami of the public bone.

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SACRUM
It is a wedge-shaped bone made up of five fused bones.
It has the following parts:-
Sacral promontory: it is a prominent upper margin of a first sacral
vertebra, projects inwards
•Sacro iliac joint
•Wings of sacrum or Ala of sacrum
•Hollow of the sacrum: concave

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COCCYX
It is a vestigial tail consisting of four fused vertebrae forming a small
triangular bone.
•It is articulated with the sacrum
•Coccyx moves backward during childbirth.

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PELVIC JOINTS
There are four pelvic joints:
1.Two sacroiliac joints:- These are slightly movable joints formed where the ilium joints, the
first two sacral vertebrae on either side. They connect the spine of the pelvis and are the
strongest joints in the body
2.One public symphysis joint:- It is a cartilaginous joint between two public bones.
3.One sacrococcygeal joint:- It is a hinge joint between the sacrum and coccyx.

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PELVIC LIGAMENTS
The pelvic bones are held together with ligaments.
1.Sacroiliac ligament – it passes in front of and behind each sacroiliac joint.
2.Public ligament – it connects the top of public bones.
3.Sacro tuberous ligament – one ligament of each side, running from the sacrum to the
ischial tuberosity.
4.Sacro spinous ligament – one ligament of each side of the sacrum and the ischial spine.
5.Sacro coccygeal ligament - one ligament of each side from sacrum to coccyx.

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Division of pelvis:-
A.FALSES PELVIS
B.TRUE PELVIS

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FALSE PELVIS
It is formed by the upper flared-out portion of the ilium.
Laterally – iliac fossae,
posterior – fifth lumbar vertebrae,
Anteriorly – the abdominal wall and inguinal ligament.

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TRUE PELVIS
The true pelvis is the bony canal through which the fetus passes during birth.
It has three parts:-
1.BRIM:- It is formed by the sacrum posteriorly, the iliac bones laterally and the public bones anterior.
Shape: it is almost rounded with anterior posterior diameter being the shortest.
Its boundaries are the sacral promontory and wings of the sacrum behind the iliac bones on the sides and the
public bones in front
2. CAVITY:- The cavity extends from the brim above to the outlet below.
Shape: its shape is almost rounded.
Its boundaries:- Anterior border: symphysis pubis, Posterior border: sacral hollow, Lateral border: soft tissues,
All diameters – measure 12 cm
3. OUTLET:- It consists of the lower border of all bones and the Sacro tuberous ligament.
It consists of the lower border of the symphysis pubis, the Sacro coccygeal joint, and the Sacro ischial spine.
Shape: it is an Antero posteriorly oval shape

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Diameters of the brim

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Landmarks of the Brim
Sacral promontory
Sacral ala or sacral wing
Sacroiliac joint
Iliopectineal line
Iliopubic eminence
Pectineal line
Public tubercle
Public crest
Symphysis pubis

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In brim
Anterior posterior (11cm)
It is a line from the sacral promontory to the upper body of the symphysis pubis.
This diameter is of three types:-
Diagonal conjugate – the distance between the lower border of the symphysis pubis to the
midpoint on the sacral promontory it is 12 cm.
Obstetrical conjugate – it is the distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to the
prominent bony projection in the midline of the symphysis pubis. It measures 10 cm.
True conjugate – it extends from the sacral promontory to the top of the symphysis pubis. Its
normal measurement is 11cm or more.

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Transverse (13cm)
It is the distance between the two farthest points on the pelvic brim over the iliopectineal
lines.

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Oblique – (12cm)
It starts from the sacroiliac joint to the opposite ilio pubic eminence.

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The pelvic cavity
The cavity extends from the brim above to the outlet below.
Shape: its shape is almost rounded.
It consists of:-
Anterior border: symphysis pubis
Posterior border: sacral hollow
Lateral border: soft tissues
All diameters – measure 12 cm.

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The pelvic outlet
ANATOMICAL OUTLET:
It consists of the lower border of all bones and the sacro tuberous ligament.
It consists of the lower border of the symphysis pubis, Sacro coccygeal joint, and
Sacro ischial spine.
Shape: it is anterior–posteriorly oval in shape.

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Obstetrical outlet
This outlet has greater practical significance because it includes the
narrow pelvic strait through which the fetus must pass.
It is otherwise known as a bony outlet.
Shape – it is a diamond shape.

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Diameters of outlet
ANTERO-POSTERIOR DIAMETER (13CM):- It extends from the
lower border of the symphysis pubis to the tip of the coccyx.
OBLIQUE DIAMETER (12 CM):- It extends from Rt. & Lt. Sacro
spinous ligament to Obturator foramen.
TRANSVERSE DIAMETER (11CM):- between the ischial spines.

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TYPES OF PELVIS;
1) GYNAECOID
2) ANTHROPOID
3) ANDROID
4) PLATYPELLOID

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Gynaecoid Pelvis – 50%
It is commonly known as the female pelvis because that type occurs
most frequently in women.
Most suitable for childbirth
Wider brim
Ischial spines are blunt
Sub pubic angle is 90 degree

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Anthropoid pelvis – 25%
It Favors the posterior position of the fetus
Oval in shape
Transverse diameter is shorter
Seen in tall women with narrow shoulders

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Android pelvis – 20%
It is commonly known as the male pelvis because it occurs more
frequently in men.
 Heart-shaped brim.
Anterior posterior diameter is shorter.
Transverse diameter is wider.
Childbirth is difficult.

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Platypelloid (flat) pelvis :- (5%)
This type of pelvis is rare
 Kidney-shaped brim
Anterior posterior diameter is smaller
Transverse diameter is wider
Not conducive to vaginal delivery

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Difference between male and female pelvis
FEATURES MALE FEMALE
General Features Heavy, Thick Light, Thin
Muscle attachments Well marked, prominent
Less well marked, less
prominent
Greater pelvis Narrow and deep Wide and shallow
Shape of the pelvic inlet Heart shaped Transversely oval
Subpubic angle Less than 60 degrees More than 60 degrees
Sacrum
Evenly curved, Long and
narrow Less curved, Short and wide
Ischial tuberosities Inturned Everted
Acetabulum Large concavity Small concavity
Obturator foramen Round in shape Oval in shape

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THANK YOU