Dmitri Mendeleev created the Periodic Table of Elements by noticing that elements with similar properties seemed to repeat in a predictable pattern. The Periodic Table arranges elements in rows and columns, with the rows called periods increasing in atomic number from left to right and the columns called groups having similar properties. Elements closer together on the table, whether in the same period or group, are more chemically similar. Hydrogen, helium, and lithium are the first three elements, with their atomic numbers, masses, and common uses described.
The document discusses Joseph Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin's death in 1922. It describes the non-aggression pact signed between Stalin and Hitler in 1939 that divided Eastern Europe between their countries. It also summarizes the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942-1943 as a major turning point where the German army began retreating after major losses. Soviet Union casualties during World War II included around 23.9 million military and civilian deaths.
Fujitsu Glovia, Inc. :: Solving Unique Requirements of Automotive Suppliers w...Fujitsu Glovia, Inc.
As a manufacturer in the automotive industry, your needs have grown more complex and increasingly urgent. You must manage a rapidly growing product base. You must respond to customer demands quickly and accurately. You must gain visibility into all your operations and synchronize your supply chain. You must also provide immaculate service.
The automotive industry is experiencing changes like no other. Gasoline to electric engines, user/driver features to self-driven automobiles (smart cars) and so on. Research being done creating and supporting these changes is greater than ever before. Regardless of the ‘Tier’ within the supply chain, auto manufacturers must be responsive to these changes.
The flexibility and adaptability of GLOVIA G2 will allow you to manage and improve every aspect of your business with one proven solution to meet today’s business needs and to support your system needs as your company, products and industry grow and change.
This document welcomes readers to Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall and outlines the base's Sexual Harassment Assault Response Prevention Program (SHARP). It states that the base has a zero tolerance policy for sexual harassment and assault, and encourages any victims to contact advocates for support. The document explains that victims have two reporting options - restricted reporting allows for confidential support services without an investigation, while unrestricted reporting involves notifying commanders and initiating a full investigation in addition to support services. Contact information is provided for various helplines.
El documento presenta información sobre la Universidad Técnica de Machala, incluyendo su misión, visión e historia. Fue fundada en 1969 y ha tenido varios rectores a lo largo de su historia. Actualmente ofrece la carrera de Administración de Empresas. El documento también contiene detalles sobre el portafolio de la asignatura Introducción a la Economía impartida en dicha carrera.
Kedaulatan Cyber NKRI di Era Dunia yang Serba Terhubung (globally-networked)Mastel Indonesia
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang ancaman terhadap kedaulatan siber Indonesia akibat keterhubungan global melalui jaringan broadband. Jaringan telekomunikasi, internet, dan penyiaran yang terintegrasi telah menciptakan dunia siber yang serba terhubung, sehingga seluruh aset digital dan infrastruktur kritis Indonesia dapat diakses dari mancanegara dan berpotensi mengalami gangguan siber. Dokumen tersebut menganalisis bagaimana seluruh rumah tangga, per
This document discusses using Khan Academy to flip the classroom and engage students more in their learning. It explains that Khan Academy provides educational videos and exercises on a wide range of subjects that teachers can assign for students to learn independently outside of class. This allows class time to be used for more applied, project-based learning activities rather than direct instruction. The document also provides examples of how one high school teacher sets goals and tracks student progress using Khan Academy to learn math, science and other subjects.
Dmitri Mendeleev created the Periodic Table of Elements by noticing that elements with similar properties seemed to repeat in a predictable pattern. The Periodic Table arranges elements in rows and columns, with the rows called periods increasing in atomic number from left to right and the columns called groups having similar properties. Elements closer together on the table, whether in the same period or group, are more chemically similar. Hydrogen, helium, and lithium are the first three elements, with their atomic numbers, masses, and common uses described.
The document discusses Joseph Stalin's rise to power in the Soviet Union after Vladimir Lenin's death in 1922. It describes the non-aggression pact signed between Stalin and Hitler in 1939 that divided Eastern Europe between their countries. It also summarizes the Battle of Stalingrad in 1942-1943 as a major turning point where the German army began retreating after major losses. Soviet Union casualties during World War II included around 23.9 million military and civilian deaths.
Fujitsu Glovia, Inc. :: Solving Unique Requirements of Automotive Suppliers w...Fujitsu Glovia, Inc.
As a manufacturer in the automotive industry, your needs have grown more complex and increasingly urgent. You must manage a rapidly growing product base. You must respond to customer demands quickly and accurately. You must gain visibility into all your operations and synchronize your supply chain. You must also provide immaculate service.
The automotive industry is experiencing changes like no other. Gasoline to electric engines, user/driver features to self-driven automobiles (smart cars) and so on. Research being done creating and supporting these changes is greater than ever before. Regardless of the ‘Tier’ within the supply chain, auto manufacturers must be responsive to these changes.
The flexibility and adaptability of GLOVIA G2 will allow you to manage and improve every aspect of your business with one proven solution to meet today’s business needs and to support your system needs as your company, products and industry grow and change.
This document welcomes readers to Joint Base Myer-Henderson Hall and outlines the base's Sexual Harassment Assault Response Prevention Program (SHARP). It states that the base has a zero tolerance policy for sexual harassment and assault, and encourages any victims to contact advocates for support. The document explains that victims have two reporting options - restricted reporting allows for confidential support services without an investigation, while unrestricted reporting involves notifying commanders and initiating a full investigation in addition to support services. Contact information is provided for various helplines.
El documento presenta información sobre la Universidad Técnica de Machala, incluyendo su misión, visión e historia. Fue fundada en 1969 y ha tenido varios rectores a lo largo de su historia. Actualmente ofrece la carrera de Administración de Empresas. El documento también contiene detalles sobre el portafolio de la asignatura Introducción a la Economía impartida en dicha carrera.
Kedaulatan Cyber NKRI di Era Dunia yang Serba Terhubung (globally-networked)Mastel Indonesia
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang ancaman terhadap kedaulatan siber Indonesia akibat keterhubungan global melalui jaringan broadband. Jaringan telekomunikasi, internet, dan penyiaran yang terintegrasi telah menciptakan dunia siber yang serba terhubung, sehingga seluruh aset digital dan infrastruktur kritis Indonesia dapat diakses dari mancanegara dan berpotensi mengalami gangguan siber. Dokumen tersebut menganalisis bagaimana seluruh rumah tangga, per
This document discusses using Khan Academy to flip the classroom and engage students more in their learning. It explains that Khan Academy provides educational videos and exercises on a wide range of subjects that teachers can assign for students to learn independently outside of class. This allows class time to be used for more applied, project-based learning activities rather than direct instruction. The document also provides examples of how one high school teacher sets goals and tracks student progress using Khan Academy to learn math, science and other subjects.
Challenges and Opportunities for ICT Industry in Indonesia 2016Mastel Indonesia
Indonesian society is increasingly connected, with 88.1 million internet users, 63.4 million smartphone users, and 308.2 million mobile phone subscribers. Internet access and social media usage via mobile devices averages 3 hours and 2 hours 52 minutes per day respectively. The telecommunications industry revenue in Indonesia is expected to grow to IDR 140 trillion by 2020, fueled by growth in data services and changes to operator business models. However, challenges remain around infrastructure bottlenecks, the digital divide, developing upstream and downstream industries, workforce skills, and ICT adoption among small- and medium-sized enterprises. Addressing these challenges could allow Indonesia to become the biggest digital economy player in the region.
Indonesia Digital Transformation Outlook Briefing 2016Mastel Indonesia
1) Economic growth in Indonesia is fueling demand for managed services, outsourcing, and cloud services as companies look to improve efficiency and scalability.
2) Cloud adoption is increasing, especially SaaS, while demand is also growing for IaaS to improve flexibility and scalability. Traditional on-premise applications are moving to cloud models.
3) The IT services market is shifting from network-centric to more application-focused as companies require help managing increasingly complex application landscapes and addressing skills shortages. Data center demand also continues growing across industries.
Indonesia Digital Transformation Outlook Briefing 2016Mastel Indonesia
Indonesia's e-commerce market is growing rapidly but still small compared to China and the US. Key drivers of growth include a young population, rising incomes, and increasing internet and mobile adoption. However, obstacles like poor infrastructure, limited banking access, and a preference for cash payments are hindering faster growth. The market is expected to consolidate as hybrid online-offline models emerge and mobile commerce increases its share. Online payments are predicted to surpass cash-on-delivery by the end of 2016 as more consumers adopt digital payment methods.
This document provides an outlook on cyber security for 2016, highlighting key cyber attacks that occurred in 2015 and trends moving forward. Some of the major cyber attacks in 2015 included hacking of Uber and Apple accounts, an Amazon password reset, and data breaches at LinkedIn and Spotify. There was also a record-breaking 602Gbps DDoS attack against BBC and a leak of 25GB of user data from Ashley Madison. The document discusses challenges around security of industrial control systems and internet of things devices. It recommends building cyber resilience through improving cyber defenses, increasing human expertise and collaboration, and ensuring critical infrastructures have cyber security operation centers for compliance. The outlook predicts a focus on security of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure in
The document discusses key trends in information and communications technology (ICT) for 2016 according to Frost & Sullivan. It predicts that:
1) Industrial internet of things (IoT) services will drive increased spending, growing from $24 billion in 2015 to $79 billion in 2020.
2) Security concerns will increasingly shift from the digital to the physical domain as cyber attacks targeting critical infrastructure rise.
3) Construction of new data centers will accelerate to meet growing demand, with total space expected to more than double over the next decade.
4) The "product as a service" business model will emerge across multiple industries as more companies offer access over ownership of products and leverage data analytics.
5) Digital transformation of
Indosat Ooredoo (formerly Indosat) is one of Indonesia's largest telecommunication networks and services provider.[3]
Indosat offers (prepaid and postpaid) mobile phone services (Mentari, IM3 and Matrix), fixed voice services (including International Direct Dialing (IDD)), fixed wireless and fixed telephone services.[3][4] The company also provides Multimedia, Internet & Data Communication Services (MIDI).[4]
As of 2012 the company holds around 21 percent of market share. It has around 50 million cellular subscribers.[3] An Indonesian investment website stated that the company has lost a couple of percentage points in terms of market share on the mobile phone market in Indonesia in recent years.
Seminar membahas perkembangan teknologi jaringan telekomunikasi di Indonesia dari 2G hingga rencana lompatan ke 5G. Paparan menyoroti masalah kualitas jaringan TIK nasional yang masih rendah dan kesenjangan antara pusat dan daerah serta pentingnya kerjasama seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi 5G di Indonesia.
This document discusses strategies for Indonesia to prepare for 5G technology. It provides an overview of 5G developments at the ITU, including reports and recommendations. It then discusses 5G specifications and technologies being developed by 3GPP. The document outlines some approaches to 5G, including initiatives in Europe, Korea, Japan, and proposes a collaborative research approach for Indonesia. It suggests Indonesia's strategy focus on radio/network technologies, new services/applications, security/privacy, and regulation/spectrum.
This document lists 5 events with the title "Mendaftar Event Mastel". It appears to be registration pages or sections for 5 different Mastel events. The document provides a high-level listing of event registration sections but no other details about the events themselves.
The document discusses the evolution of broadband networks and the path towards 5G. It covers the growth of 4G LTE networks globally and the rise in mobile video traffic. It also examines network transformation efforts by operators through SDN and NFV to virtualize networks. Case studies on AT&T and Telefonica's strategies are provided. The presentation concludes by looking at early 5G deployments planned in countries like Korea, China and Japan from 2018 onward and the high expectations for 5G networks.
1) The document discusses the evolution of next generation mobile broadband and network architecture towards the M-ICT era, including 5G development.
2) Key aspects that will be important in the M-ICT era include ubiquitous connectivity for tens of billions of devices by 2020, convergence of physical and digital worlds, and network security and privacy.
3) ZTE's strategy is to become a leader in the M-ICT era by helping operators transform networks and create value from data, and by supporting areas like smart cities, enterprise solutions, and 5G technology development.
The document summarizes Dr. Sigit P.W Jarot's presentation on activating 5G research in Indonesia. It discusses the background of 5G technology and research areas. It also outlines Indonesia's 5G Forum, which aims to stimulate 5G R&D in the country and foster collaboration between national and international partners to strengthen ICT development and deployments. The forum focuses on radio technologies, new applications, security/privacy, and regulation/spectrum as key areas for Indonesia's 5G strategy.
1. The document discusses Indonesia's efforts to prepare for next generation broadband and 5G networks through spectrum refarming and allocation.
2. Recent spectrum refarming in the 800MHz and 1800MHz bands helped expand broadband coverage and prepare networks for 4G LTE.
3. Preparing for 5G will require identifying additional spectrum bands, improving spectrum efficiency with new technologies, and considering a new paradigm with dynamic spectrum management and sharing.
5G Expectation and Beyond - an Operator Perspective - CG GustianaMastel Indonesia
5G technology is expected to enable 1000x faster data speeds and connectivity for billions more devices. From an operator perspective, 5G networks should provide spectrum flexibility, scalable and adaptable network architecture, and intelligent network management. Key expectations include the ability to use any available spectrum, leverage existing infrastructure through network functions virtualization, and enable dynamic resource allocation through automated management. 5G will need to scale to support both high-speed devices and low-power IoT, while integrating legacy networks on a unified platform.
5G Emergence and Regulatory Challenges - DG PPI - Prof. KalamullahMastel Indonesia
The document discusses 5G emergence and regulatory challenges, including:
1) 5G will require new technologies like flexible resource allocation, new waveforms, and network function virtualization to meet increased demands for bandwidth and lower latency.
2) 5G networks will require wide contiguous carrier bandwidth in the hundreds of MHz to GHz range to provide high overall system capacity. They will rely on technologies like massive MIMO and small cells to use new spectrum bands above 6 GHz.
3) Regulatory issues for 5G include dynamic spectrum sharing, potential security threats from increased connectivity, and ensuring public acceptance of new wireless technologies. Standards will need to address uncertainties around these challenges.
Challenges and Opportunities for ICT Industry in Indonesia 2016Mastel Indonesia
Indonesian society is increasingly connected, with 88.1 million internet users, 63.4 million smartphone users, and 308.2 million mobile phone subscribers. Internet access and social media usage via mobile devices averages 3 hours and 2 hours 52 minutes per day respectively. The telecommunications industry revenue in Indonesia is expected to grow to IDR 140 trillion by 2020, fueled by growth in data services and changes to operator business models. However, challenges remain around infrastructure bottlenecks, the digital divide, developing upstream and downstream industries, workforce skills, and ICT adoption among small- and medium-sized enterprises. Addressing these challenges could allow Indonesia to become the biggest digital economy player in the region.
Indonesia Digital Transformation Outlook Briefing 2016Mastel Indonesia
1) Economic growth in Indonesia is fueling demand for managed services, outsourcing, and cloud services as companies look to improve efficiency and scalability.
2) Cloud adoption is increasing, especially SaaS, while demand is also growing for IaaS to improve flexibility and scalability. Traditional on-premise applications are moving to cloud models.
3) The IT services market is shifting from network-centric to more application-focused as companies require help managing increasingly complex application landscapes and addressing skills shortages. Data center demand also continues growing across industries.
Indonesia Digital Transformation Outlook Briefing 2016Mastel Indonesia
Indonesia's e-commerce market is growing rapidly but still small compared to China and the US. Key drivers of growth include a young population, rising incomes, and increasing internet and mobile adoption. However, obstacles like poor infrastructure, limited banking access, and a preference for cash payments are hindering faster growth. The market is expected to consolidate as hybrid online-offline models emerge and mobile commerce increases its share. Online payments are predicted to surpass cash-on-delivery by the end of 2016 as more consumers adopt digital payment methods.
This document provides an outlook on cyber security for 2016, highlighting key cyber attacks that occurred in 2015 and trends moving forward. Some of the major cyber attacks in 2015 included hacking of Uber and Apple accounts, an Amazon password reset, and data breaches at LinkedIn and Spotify. There was also a record-breaking 602Gbps DDoS attack against BBC and a leak of 25GB of user data from Ashley Madison. The document discusses challenges around security of industrial control systems and internet of things devices. It recommends building cyber resilience through improving cyber defenses, increasing human expertise and collaboration, and ensuring critical infrastructures have cyber security operation centers for compliance. The outlook predicts a focus on security of industrial control systems and critical infrastructure in
The document discusses key trends in information and communications technology (ICT) for 2016 according to Frost & Sullivan. It predicts that:
1) Industrial internet of things (IoT) services will drive increased spending, growing from $24 billion in 2015 to $79 billion in 2020.
2) Security concerns will increasingly shift from the digital to the physical domain as cyber attacks targeting critical infrastructure rise.
3) Construction of new data centers will accelerate to meet growing demand, with total space expected to more than double over the next decade.
4) The "product as a service" business model will emerge across multiple industries as more companies offer access over ownership of products and leverage data analytics.
5) Digital transformation of
Indosat Ooredoo (formerly Indosat) is one of Indonesia's largest telecommunication networks and services provider.[3]
Indosat offers (prepaid and postpaid) mobile phone services (Mentari, IM3 and Matrix), fixed voice services (including International Direct Dialing (IDD)), fixed wireless and fixed telephone services.[3][4] The company also provides Multimedia, Internet & Data Communication Services (MIDI).[4]
As of 2012 the company holds around 21 percent of market share. It has around 50 million cellular subscribers.[3] An Indonesian investment website stated that the company has lost a couple of percentage points in terms of market share on the mobile phone market in Indonesia in recent years.
Seminar membahas perkembangan teknologi jaringan telekomunikasi di Indonesia dari 2G hingga rencana lompatan ke 5G. Paparan menyoroti masalah kualitas jaringan TIK nasional yang masih rendah dan kesenjangan antara pusat dan daerah serta pentingnya kerjasama seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi 5G di Indonesia.
This document discusses strategies for Indonesia to prepare for 5G technology. It provides an overview of 5G developments at the ITU, including reports and recommendations. It then discusses 5G specifications and technologies being developed by 3GPP. The document outlines some approaches to 5G, including initiatives in Europe, Korea, Japan, and proposes a collaborative research approach for Indonesia. It suggests Indonesia's strategy focus on radio/network technologies, new services/applications, security/privacy, and regulation/spectrum.
This document lists 5 events with the title "Mendaftar Event Mastel". It appears to be registration pages or sections for 5 different Mastel events. The document provides a high-level listing of event registration sections but no other details about the events themselves.
The document discusses the evolution of broadband networks and the path towards 5G. It covers the growth of 4G LTE networks globally and the rise in mobile video traffic. It also examines network transformation efforts by operators through SDN and NFV to virtualize networks. Case studies on AT&T and Telefonica's strategies are provided. The presentation concludes by looking at early 5G deployments planned in countries like Korea, China and Japan from 2018 onward and the high expectations for 5G networks.
1) The document discusses the evolution of next generation mobile broadband and network architecture towards the M-ICT era, including 5G development.
2) Key aspects that will be important in the M-ICT era include ubiquitous connectivity for tens of billions of devices by 2020, convergence of physical and digital worlds, and network security and privacy.
3) ZTE's strategy is to become a leader in the M-ICT era by helping operators transform networks and create value from data, and by supporting areas like smart cities, enterprise solutions, and 5G technology development.
The document summarizes Dr. Sigit P.W Jarot's presentation on activating 5G research in Indonesia. It discusses the background of 5G technology and research areas. It also outlines Indonesia's 5G Forum, which aims to stimulate 5G R&D in the country and foster collaboration between national and international partners to strengthen ICT development and deployments. The forum focuses on radio technologies, new applications, security/privacy, and regulation/spectrum as key areas for Indonesia's 5G strategy.
1. The document discusses Indonesia's efforts to prepare for next generation broadband and 5G networks through spectrum refarming and allocation.
2. Recent spectrum refarming in the 800MHz and 1800MHz bands helped expand broadband coverage and prepare networks for 4G LTE.
3. Preparing for 5G will require identifying additional spectrum bands, improving spectrum efficiency with new technologies, and considering a new paradigm with dynamic spectrum management and sharing.
5G Expectation and Beyond - an Operator Perspective - CG GustianaMastel Indonesia
5G technology is expected to enable 1000x faster data speeds and connectivity for billions more devices. From an operator perspective, 5G networks should provide spectrum flexibility, scalable and adaptable network architecture, and intelligent network management. Key expectations include the ability to use any available spectrum, leverage existing infrastructure through network functions virtualization, and enable dynamic resource allocation through automated management. 5G will need to scale to support both high-speed devices and low-power IoT, while integrating legacy networks on a unified platform.
5G Emergence and Regulatory Challenges - DG PPI - Prof. KalamullahMastel Indonesia
The document discusses 5G emergence and regulatory challenges, including:
1) 5G will require new technologies like flexible resource allocation, new waveforms, and network function virtualization to meet increased demands for bandwidth and lower latency.
2) 5G networks will require wide contiguous carrier bandwidth in the hundreds of MHz to GHz range to provide high overall system capacity. They will rely on technologies like massive MIMO and small cells to use new spectrum bands above 6 GHz.
3) Regulatory issues for 5G include dynamic spectrum sharing, potential security threats from increased connectivity, and ensuring public acceptance of new wireless technologies. Standards will need to address uncertainties around these challenges.
Evaluasi Program Universal Service Obligation (USO) Ketua Umum Masyarakat Telematika Indonesia (MASTEL)
1. POINTER
EVALUASI PROGRAM UNIVERSAL SERVICE OBLIGATION (USO)
KETUA UMUM MASYARAKAT TELEMATIKA INDONESIA
(MASTEL)
PADA RAPAT DENGAR PENDAPAT UMUM
PANITIA KERJA USO & PNBP KOMISI I DPR-RI
JAKARTA, 27 OKTOBER 2015
Assalamualaikum Warohmatullahi Wabarokatuh
Selamat siang dan salam sejahtera bagi kita semua
Yth. Pimpinan Komisi I DPR-RI
Yth. Anggota Panitia Kerja USO dan PNBP Komisi I DPR-RI
Para Hadirin Yth.
Marilah bersama-sama kita haturkan puji syukur ke hadirat Allah SWT karena hanya atas
karunia dan ridho-Nya, kita dapat berkumpul pada siang hari ini dalam keadaan sehat
wal’afiat dalam rangka Rapat Dengar Pendapat Umum Panitia Kerja USO dan PNBP Komisi
I DPR-RI dengan Masyarakat TeleMatika Indonesia (MASTEL) dengan topik “Evaluasi
Program Universal Service Obligation (USO) Dari Aspek Perencanaan Program, Penempatan
Lokasi, Pengawasan Program, Dan Pengelolaan Serta Penggunaan Dana Universal Service
Obligation (USO)”.
Perkenankanlah saya atas nama pengurus dan anggota Mastel menyampaikan ucapan terima
kasih atas undangan dan kesempatan yang diberikan kepada MASTEL untuk bertemu muka
serta bertukar pikiran dengan Bapak dan Ibu Anggota Komisi I DPR-RI mengenai industri
telekomunikasi dan informatika, khususnya tentang topik Program Universal Service
Obligation (USO) yang hari ini akan didiskusikan bersama bapak dan ibu sekalian.
Pimpinan dan Anggota Komisi I yang kami hormati,
Sehubungan dengan agenda utama yang disampaikan oleh Komisi I DPR RI mengenai
Evaluasi Program Universal Service Obligation (USO) Dari Aspek Perencanaan Program,
Penempatan Lokasi, Pengawasan Program, Dan Pengelolaan Serta Penggunaan Dana
Universal Service Obligation (USO) perkenankanlah kami menyampaikan beberapa
pemikiran yang kami rangkum di dalam paparan sebagai berikut:
2. Landasan Hukum
Sesuai ketentuan tentang USO dalam UU No.36 tahun 1999 dan PP No.52 tahun 2000,
bahwa kewajiban pelayanan universal (universal service obligation) merupakan kewajiban
penyediaan jaringan telekomunikasi oleh penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi agar
kebutuhan masyarakat terutama di daerah terpencil dan atau belum berkembang untuk
mendapatkan akses telepon dapat dipenuhi.
Kewajiban kontribusi Pelayanan Universal (USO) dibebankan kepada setiap penye- lenggara
jaringan telekomunikasi dan atau penyelenggara jasa telekomunikasi, yang berbentuk
penyediaan sarana dan prasarana telekomunikasi dan atau kompensasi lain.
Kewajiban membangun fasilitas telekomunikasi untuk pelayanan universal dibeban- kan
kepada penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi tetap yang telah mendapatkan izin dari
pemerintah berupa jasa Sambungan Langsung Jarak Jauh (SLJJ) dan atau jasa sambungan
lokal. Penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi Iainnya di Iuar kedua jenis jasa di atas
diwajibkan memberikan kontribusi.
PP-52 menyebutkan bahwa Kontribusi kewajiban pelayanan universal berupa:
a) penyediaan jaringan dan atau jasa telekomunikasi;
b) kontribusi dalam bentuk komponen biaya interkoneksi; atau
c) kontribusi lainnya yang dapat berupa antara lain pembebasan biaya akses dan subsidi
tarif.
Modifikasi Ketentuan tentang Kontribusi USO
Dalam pelaksanaan selanjutnya, Pemerintah memasukkan pungutan kontribusi USO ke dalam
PP 28 tahun 2005 tentang PNBP dan dinaikkan tarifnya dalam PP 7 tahun 2009 tentang
PNBP Kemkominfo. Dengan PP ini, semua penyelenggara jaringan dan jasa telekomunikasi
dikenai kenaikan kewajiban membayar kontribusi USO dari sebesar 0,75% menjadi sebesar
1,25% dari pendapatan kotor masing-masing. Bentuk kontribusinya tidak lagi berupa jaringan
bagi penyelenggara jaringan tetap lokal, dan tidak lagi berupa komponen biaya interkoneksi
bagi yang lain. Namun semangatnya tetap sama, yaitu memikul bersama biaya-pembangunan
di wilayah non-komersial atau wilayah USO.
Dengan modifikasi ini, seluruh penyelenggara jaringan maupun jasa telekomunikasi secara
merata dipastikan berkontribusi dengan membayar biaya pembangunan jaringan sebesar
1,25% dari pendapatan kotor masing-masing. Maka Pemerintah bertanggung-jawab untuk
menata-kelola pelaksanaan penggunaan dana ini sesuai dengan tujuan semula yang telah
ditetapkan dengan UU 36 tahun 1999.
3. Pungutan kontribusi USO dengan PP PNBP Kemkominfo telah menjadikan iuran biaya
pembangunan jaringan di wilayah USO sebagai Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak yang berarti
termasuk ke dalam APBN. Akibatnya, tatakelola penggunaannya mengikuti tatakelola APBN
yang tidak mudah dan terikat dengan peraturan pengadaan barang dan jasa pemerintah.
Padahal tujuan dari dana yang terkumpul dari program USO sebenarnya dapat diistilahkan
sebagai dana titipan, sebelum dapat dipergunakan untuk membangun ruas-ruas jaringan yang
telah direncanakan untuk dibangun, sesuai wilayah prioritas (Pasal 27, PP 52 tahun 2000)
sementara dalam UU No. 17 tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara dan UU No.1 tahun 2004
tentang perbendaharaan negara dinyatakan bahwa setiap penerimaan negara harus
dimasukkan dalam pos pajak atau pos PNBP.
Adapun beberapa persoalan yang kini timbul dalam pelaksanaan USO antara lain:
1. Pengelola Dana USO berbentuk BLU
Unit pengelola USO di Kementerian Kominfo “terpaksa” dibentuk sebagai Badan
Layanan Umum (BLU). Alasannya adalah bahwa hanya dengan BLU, dana kontribusi
USO bisa dikelola secara otonom. Padahal BLU adalah bentuk badan usaha nirlaba
yang mengelola bisnis layanan umum, sedangkan kegiatan USO bukan layanan
umum. Sebuah BLU harus menjalankan proses bisnis, sementara yang dilakukan
adalah pelaksanaan USO yang tugasnya seperti unit yang mengelola administrasi
pelaksanaan USO.
2. Bentuk Kontribusi USO berubah dari Jaringan menjadi Dana
Dalam ketentuan UU dan PP, kontribusi USO berbentuk jaringan bagi para
penyelenggara jartap-lokal pemegang izin SLJJ dan biaya interkoneksi bagi yang
memanfaatkan atau menyalurkan trafik ke jaringan tersebut. Dengan pungutan
seragam 1,25% dari pendapatan kotor diberlakukan atas semua penyelenggara, maka
penyelenggara jaringan yang membangun wilayah USO atas inisiatif sendiri menjadi
terbebani ganda. Semestinya, adil jika nilai investasi di wilayah USO ini
diperhitungkan sebagai kontribusi USO.
3. Pelaksana Pembangunan bergeser dari ketentuan
Pelaksana pembangunan jaringan di wilayah USO menurut UU dan PP adalah
penyelenggara jartap-lokal pemegang izin SLJJ. Hal ini dapat dipahami karena alasan
teknis dan ekonomis. Alasan teknisnya adalah bahwa jaringan nasional haruslah
menjadi jaringan yang utuh terpadu. Jika pelaksana pembangunan jaringan USO
adalah penyelenggara jaringan pemilik izin jasa SLJJ, maka jaringan di wilayah USO
akan langsung menyatu dengan jaringan nasional yang telah ada. Alasan ekonomisnya
adalah bahwa wilayah USO adalah non- komersial yang tentu penyelenggaraan
jaringan telekomunikasinya bersifat non-komersial (minimal untuk periode waktu
tertentu). Maka akan sangat tidak efisien dan tidak logis secara bisnis jika pelaksana
pembangunan jaringan USO adalah penyelenggara kecil yang masih berorientasi
keuntungan bisnis.
4. 4. Penetapan Wilayah USO belum berjalan baik
Ketentuan Pasal 27 dari PP 52 tahun 2000 yang mengatur bahwa Pemerintah
menetapkan wilayah USO belum diperbaharui secara teratur. Menetapkan wilayah
USO adalah pekerjaan Kementerian Kominfo yang paling utama dan paling berat
dalam keseluruhan pelaksanaan USO. Perlu koordinasi dengan Kementerian Desa,
Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal dan Transmigrasi, Kemdagri–ditjen pembangunan
desa/pengelola wilayah perbatasan, Kemensos, Menko Kesra, Pemda tingkat-1 dan 2,
dan seterusnya. Koordinasi dalam menetapkan tingkat kesiapan, tingkat
urgensi/prioritas, ragam kegiatan pemberdayaan, kriteria layak komersial, dan
sebagainya. Penetapan wilayah USO ini merupakan bagian terpenting dalam substansi
pembangunan nasional karena sebagian besar wilayah NKRI adalah wilayah pedesaan
dan wilayah sumber daya alam nasional.
Usulan Mastel
Adapun usulan tentang perbaikan program USO meliputi hal-hal sebagai berikut:
Perencanaan
• Perlunya pembaruan secara teratur dan penetapan program prioritas Wilayah
Pelayanan Universal Telekomunikasi (WPUT) setiap tahun oleh Kementerian
Komunikasi dan Informatika RI (Kominfo) dengan mempertimbangkan usulan
berbagai pihak, antara lain: Pemerintah daerah, Industri maupun kelompok
masyarakat
Pelaksanaan
• Perlunya dilakukan pembangunan WPUT melalui pola pembangunan mandiri
yaitu pola pembangunan yang dilaksanakan oleh penyelenggara jaringan yang
dapat diperhitungkan sebagai kontribusi dalam bentuk sarana dan prasarana
telekomunikasi. Hal tersebut dimaksudkan untuk:
olebih menyederhanakan pelaksanaan pembangunan
okesinambungan pelayanan, dan
omenghindarkan penyelenggara dari kewajiban ganda,
• Menteri Kominfo menetapkan penyelenggara jaringan tetap atau bergerak untuk
melaksanakan pembangunan mandiri di setiap WPUT, melalui mekanisme yang
akan ditetapkan.
• Hasil pembangunan mandiri oleh penyelenggara jaringan telekomunikasi di
WPUT akan diperhitungkan sebagai kontribusi USO
• Bagi penyelenggara lainnya yang tidak ditetapkan sebagai pelaksana
pembangunan mandiri yang dimaksud, akan dikenakan kewajiban sesuai dengan
ketentuan dalam PP 7 tahun 2009 tentang PNBP
• Untuk setiap WPUT ditetapkan satu operator, dalam masa waktu yang ditetapkan.
5. Pengawasan, Evaluasi dan Penilaian
Terkait dengan Pengawasan, Evaluasi dan Penilaian yang merupakan fungsi dari BP3TI,
hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan oleh BP3TI yaitu:
• Pengawasan atas pelaksanaan atas pembangunan, operasi dan pemeliharaan serta
kualitas pelayanan di setiap WPUT secara periodik.
• Evaluasi atas kinerja setiap pelaksana pembangunan dilakukan secara periodik
setahun sekali untuk menetapkan kinerja tahun berikutnya.
• Penaksiran atas realisasi biaya pembangunan, operasi dan pemeliharaan yang
sudah dilakukan oleh pelaksana, yang mengacu pada standar harga satuan yang
sudah ditetapkan dalam kontrak di setiap WPUT.
• Penghitungan kontribusi USO dari pelaksana pembangunan WPUT oleh BP3TI
berdasarkan hasil penaksiran yang dimaksud.
Pengaturan
• Untuk dapat terlaksananya penyelenggaran USO yang baru, diperlukan penyesuaian
atas beberapa peraturan yaitu:
o Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi Dan Informatika Nomor:
18/PER/M.KOMINFO/11/2010 Tentang Organisasi Dan Tata Kerja Balai
Penyedia Dan Pengelola Pembiayaan Telekomunikasi Dan Informatika
o Menetapkan Peraturan Menteri Komunikasi Dan Informatika tentang tata cara
kontribusi USO dalam bentuk penyertaan sarana dan prasarana pembangunan di
WPUT
• Dalam jangka panjang, mengingat ruang lingkup layanan WPUT tidak lagi sebatas
akses telepon, namun sudah diperluas menjadi akses informasi dan komunikasi
(broadband) beserta pengembangan ekosistemnya, maka diperlukan untuk
menerbitkan PP USO tersendiri yang mengatur perencanaan, pelaksanaan,
kelembagaan, dan tata cara penyediaan jaringan dan jasa yang sesuai dengan sifat dan
ruang lingkup kebutuhan USO di atas.
Demikian hasil kajian yang dapat kami sampaikan. dengan harapan dapat lebih
dikembangkan dalam sesi tanya jawab. Atas perhatian Bapak dan Ibu kami sampaikan
ucapan terimakasih.
Wassalamualaikum, Wr. Wb.
Hormat Kami,
ttd.
K r i s t i o n o
Ketua Umum