This document outlines the methodology for a master's thesis on the market chain analysis of milk production in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. The study aims to:
1) Identify the key milk marketing channels and margins in Debre Berhan Town.
2) Analyze factors affecting smallholder dairy farmers' decisions to participate in milk markets and their level of participation.
3) Assess the prospects and major constraints of milk production and marketing.
The methodology includes selecting a sample of 307 dairy farmers and 22 milk market intermediaries through simple random sampling. Data will be collected through household surveys, observations, and document analysis. Econometric models like probit and tobit will be used to
Financial Efficiency of Nam Roi Pomelo Planting Models under Vietgap Standard...ijtsrd
The study aims to evaluate the financial efficiency of Nam Roi pomelo farmers in Binh Minh Town, Vinh Long Province. Direct interviews were used to survey 70 households 35 households planting pomelos with traditional methods and the other 35 follow VietGAP standards in My Hoa and Dong Thanh Commune. The Financial ratio analysis and the Independent Samples T Test were applied in the study. The research results show that, although the resources are limited, Nam Roi pomelo farmers have applied technical advances in their cultivation process to improve productivity and raise their incomes. All financial ratios about the production efficiency of Nam Roi pomelo farmers following VietGAP standards are better than those of traditional pomelo farmers. This concludes that the application of technical advances in pomelo production has brought higher economic benefits for farmers. Nguyen Quoc Nghi "Financial Efficiency of Nam Roi Pomelo Planting Models under Vietgap Standards in Binh Minh Town, Vinh Long Province" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38215.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/38215/financial-efficiency-of-nam-roi-pomelo-planting-models-under-vietgap-standards-in-binh-minh-town-vinh-long-province/nguyen-quoc-nghi
Reaction of consumers against the rising milk prices in Vietnam: A case study...theijes
- The study examined consumer reactions to rising milk prices in Long Bien district, Hanoi, Vietnam. It surveyed 100 consumers and found that age, career, and household income significantly influenced reaction levels, with younger consumers, less stable jobs, and lower incomes correlating with stronger reactions.
- Most consumers saw milk prices as quite or very high and had neutral satisfaction with prices relative to quality. If prices increased further, most would moderately or strongly react by reducing purchases.
- The factors found to most affect consumer reaction levels were age (younger consumers reacted more strongly), household income (lower incomes correlated with stronger reactions), and career (less stable jobs correlated with stronger reactions).
Special Report 1073
Originally published as Oregon Small Farms Technical Report No. 25
December 2006
When Things Don’t Work: Some Insights into Why Farmers’ Markets Close
U.S. Organic Cotton Market. Analysis and Forecast To 2025IndexBox Marketing
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the U.S. organic cotton market. It presents the latest data of the market size and volume, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and turnover in the industry. The forecast reveals market prospects to 2025.
Instituting a Forecasting Model for Purchasing Jute Bales in the Bangladesh C...hasnat1983
In this paper, we focus on preparing a forecasting model for the demand of jute bales to justify the use of modern forecasting concepts in the Bangladesh context. We study 54 months’ data from Sharif Jute Mills Limited to determine the core data pattern of jute bales requirements for yarn production. Based on our study, we classify the data with stationary patterns—including the minimal presence of seasonality—using regression analysis and graphical representation. Following the classification, we prepare a forecasting system for upcoming periods with Simple Exponential Smoothing Model. The model predicts that the production process will require 222.89 MT of jute bales in the upcoming month. Two different methods, (a) MAD, MSE, MAPE calculation, and (b) Control Chart, justify the accuracy of the model with acceptable results. Finally, we discuss research finding and future prospects so that Sharif Jute Mills Limited and similar companies may perform forecasting smoothly and improve the skill level of the procurement system to stay competitive in the global market.
Financial Efficiency of Nam Roi Pomelo Planting Models under Vietgap Standard...ijtsrd
The study aims to evaluate the financial efficiency of Nam Roi pomelo farmers in Binh Minh Town, Vinh Long Province. Direct interviews were used to survey 70 households 35 households planting pomelos with traditional methods and the other 35 follow VietGAP standards in My Hoa and Dong Thanh Commune. The Financial ratio analysis and the Independent Samples T Test were applied in the study. The research results show that, although the resources are limited, Nam Roi pomelo farmers have applied technical advances in their cultivation process to improve productivity and raise their incomes. All financial ratios about the production efficiency of Nam Roi pomelo farmers following VietGAP standards are better than those of traditional pomelo farmers. This concludes that the application of technical advances in pomelo production has brought higher economic benefits for farmers. Nguyen Quoc Nghi "Financial Efficiency of Nam Roi Pomelo Planting Models under Vietgap Standards in Binh Minh Town, Vinh Long Province" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-1 , December 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38215.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/finance/38215/financial-efficiency-of-nam-roi-pomelo-planting-models-under-vietgap-standards-in-binh-minh-town-vinh-long-province/nguyen-quoc-nghi
Reaction of consumers against the rising milk prices in Vietnam: A case study...theijes
- The study examined consumer reactions to rising milk prices in Long Bien district, Hanoi, Vietnam. It surveyed 100 consumers and found that age, career, and household income significantly influenced reaction levels, with younger consumers, less stable jobs, and lower incomes correlating with stronger reactions.
- Most consumers saw milk prices as quite or very high and had neutral satisfaction with prices relative to quality. If prices increased further, most would moderately or strongly react by reducing purchases.
- The factors found to most affect consumer reaction levels were age (younger consumers reacted more strongly), household income (lower incomes correlated with stronger reactions), and career (less stable jobs correlated with stronger reactions).
Special Report 1073
Originally published as Oregon Small Farms Technical Report No. 25
December 2006
When Things Don’t Work: Some Insights into Why Farmers’ Markets Close
U.S. Organic Cotton Market. Analysis and Forecast To 2025IndexBox Marketing
This report provides an in-depth analysis of the U.S. organic cotton market. It presents the latest data of the market size and volume, domestic production, exports and imports, price dynamics and turnover in the industry. The forecast reveals market prospects to 2025.
Instituting a Forecasting Model for Purchasing Jute Bales in the Bangladesh C...hasnat1983
In this paper, we focus on preparing a forecasting model for the demand of jute bales to justify the use of modern forecasting concepts in the Bangladesh context. We study 54 months’ data from Sharif Jute Mills Limited to determine the core data pattern of jute bales requirements for yarn production. Based on our study, we classify the data with stationary patterns—including the minimal presence of seasonality—using regression analysis and graphical representation. Following the classification, we prepare a forecasting system for upcoming periods with Simple Exponential Smoothing Model. The model predicts that the production process will require 222.89 MT of jute bales in the upcoming month. Two different methods, (a) MAD, MSE, MAPE calculation, and (b) Control Chart, justify the accuracy of the model with acceptable results. Finally, we discuss research finding and future prospects so that Sharif Jute Mills Limited and similar companies may perform forecasting smoothly and improve the skill level of the procurement system to stay competitive in the global market.
Masters thesis defense on milk market chainDereje Admassu
This document outlines the methodology for a market chain analysis of milk production in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. It includes:
1) An introduction providing background on global and African milk production trends and the study area.
2) Objectives to identify key milk marketing channels and margins, analyze factors affecting smallholder participation and supply, and assess production and marketing prospects and constraints.
3) A methodology section describing the cross-sectional study design, data collection from primary and secondary sources, sample selection of over 300 smallholder farmers and 22 traders, and data analysis plans including descriptive statistics, econometric models, and analysis of market structure, conduct and performance.
4) An outline of the document sections
Food Waste Management Market Report: Industry Outlook, Latest Development and...IMARC Group
The global food waste management market grew at a CAGR of around 5% during 2015-2020. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the global food waste management market to exhibit moderate growth during the next five years.
To learn more about this market, visit us at: https://www.imarcgroup.com/food-waste-management-market
We are regularly tracking the direct effect of COVID-19 on the market, along with the indirect influence of associated industries. These observations will be integrated into the report.
The report has categorized the market based on region, waste type, process, source and application.
For more information, request for a free sample report https://www.imarcgroup.com/food-waste-management-market/requestsample
Contact Us:
IMARC Group
30 N Gould St, Ste R
Sheridan, WY (Wyoming) 82801 USA
Email: Sales@imarcgroup.com
Tel No:(D) +91 120 433 0800
Americas:- +1 631 791 1145 | Africa and Europe :- +44- 753-713-2163 | Asia: +91-120-433-0800, +91-120-433-0800
This document summarizes discussions from a conference on mainstreaming livestock value chains for development. The conference aimed to strengthen linkages between livestock analysis, impact assessment, economic modeling and policy advocacy. Key points included the growing importance of livestock for development, incomplete markets and data gaps. Participants discussed solutions like collective action and improving infrastructure, as well as policy changes and information needs. Modeling initiatives were presented on households, markets and landscapes, but limitations were noted in representing value chain actors and policy impacts. Overall, while livestock's development role is acknowledged, further work is needed to integrate analysis, close data gaps and build capacity for informed policymaking.
The document summarizes a research study on the global organic starch market published by Profshare Market Research. The market is expected to show CAGR growth between 2019-2027. The research precisely analyzes opportunities and challenges in the market. It provides an overview, growth forecast, segmentation, competitive analysis, and examines factors influencing the market like consumer expectations, environmental changes, policies, technology, raw materials, and mergers and acquisitions. The study also analyzes the market impact of COVID-19.
The document summarizes the selection of priority value chains for a climate-friendly agribusiness project in Lao PDR. Rice and vegetables were selected based on 14 criteria in two categories: farmer inclusion/sustainability and value chain structure. For rice, strengths included potential outreach to farmers, increased incomes, and alignment with government priorities. Weaknesses included environmental impacts of production methods. For vegetables, strengths were income potential from domestic and export markets and social inclusion of women. The analysis found potential to improve post-harvest handling and market access for both commodities.
This project report provides a summary of a study conducted on the sales and distribution of Amul milk in the Pune market. It discusses the dairy industry in India and Amul's history, objectives of the study, research methodology, data collection and analysis. Key findings include that Amul faces tough competition from brands like Chitale and Katraj, with Chitale having the largest market share. Awareness of Amul milk is average among retailers and consumers, but acceptance is low. It is concluded that Amul milk has high potential but low acceptance compared to competitors that customers regularly use. The report recommends that Amul undertake promotional strategies to boost distribution and increase advertising through various channels.
The research study analyzes the global baby food market. It is expected to show a CAGR of between 2019-2027. The study considers parameters like base year, historical data, forecast data, regional scope, and revenue and volume in millions. It provides an in-depth analysis of the COVID-19 impact. Key factors affecting the baby food market include consumer expectations, environmental changes, government policies, technology, raw materials, and suppliers. The study delivers an overview, growth forecast, and segmentation of the baby food market from 2015 to 2028. It is useful for gaining insight into the market through analysis of key aspects like market estimation, forecasting, growth drivers, supply analysis, applications, key players, regions,
Factors affect on consumer behavior of fresh milk consumption case study pr...mnikzaad
This document outlines a research proposal that aims to study consumer buying behavior related to fresh milk in Sri Lanka. It will examine consumer profiles, factors influencing purchasing decisions, and identify new marketing strategies. The methodology involves a survey of 100 households to collect data on consumption frequency, product awareness, and attitudes. Statistical analysis will identify relationships between demographic variables and consumption levels. The findings could help promote awareness and increase consumption of fresh milk to help meet the country's demand.
IRJET- An Implementation of Diary Food Products using Android ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of an Android application to manage dairy food products. It aims to digitize the supply chain process from manufacturers to distributors to retailers. The app allows users to view product catalogs and prices, place orders, check order histories and payments, and provide feedback. It is intended to reduce manual work by facilitating communication and data sharing between parties. The app design includes modules for users, administrators, orders, payments, and reports. It is concluded that the app will help optimize pricing and sales forecasts to benefit all members of the dairy supply chain.
The document summarizes a summer internship project presentation on developing a digital platform for agricultural cooperatives and farmers producer organizations (FPOs) to better manage their data and operations. Key findings from interviews with 35 FPOs were that they lacked computerized systems, had poor data management of farmers' details, and faced challenges in transaction histories, crop calendars, and logistics planning. The presentation proposed a digital platform to help FPOs address these issues through features like farmer registration, crop planning, purchase/sales order management, and inventory tracking. Overall, the internship highlighted the need for data-driven solutions to increase FPO profitability and transparency.
IG International is a leading importer and distributor of fresh fruits in India that was founded in 1965 and has expanded over the decades to include import, export, cold storage, logistics and retail operations. The company imports over 30 varieties of fruits from 20 countries and has a presence across India with 15 regional offices, 20 wholesale outlets and extensive cold storage facilities. IG International is led by Chairman Gian Chand Arora and aims to be the largest integrated fresh produce supply chain provider in India.
Agricultural sustainability through collaboration, beyond competitionGCARD Conferences
The document summarizes the work of SAI Platform, a collaboration of companies focused on sustainable agriculture. It describes how SAI Platform has evolved from a small discussion platform to a full supply chain implementation organization. A key tool developed by SAI Platform is the Farm Sustainability Assessment (FSA), an open-source assessment tool that allows farmers to evaluate and report on their sustainable practices. The FSA aims to create a common language for assessing sustainability across different certification schemes and is now used in over 20 countries.
This document provides an introduction and objectives for a study on the impact of the Electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) on farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The 3 objectives are:
1) To study the socio-economic status of farmers associated with e-NAM
2) To study awareness and knowledge of e-NAM among farmers
3) To identify constraints of e-NAM and propose improvements
The study will use a descriptive research design and collect primary and secondary data through interviews with farmers using pre-tested questionnaires. Appropriate statistical analysis will then analyze the data in light of the objectives.
Dairy Producers’ Willingness to pay for advisory service in Debrezeit milkshe...ILRI
Presentation by Anteneh Girma, Mohamadou Fadiga & Ranjitha Puskur for the 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture and the 18th Annual Meeting of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, October 25-28, 2010.
The global market for organic dairy products is expected to grow from $ 16,307.0 million in 2021 to $ 23,193.8 million in 2026. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.3% over the forecast period (2021-2026). Some of the market's key participants are AMUL, Arla Foods UK Plc, Dairy Farmers of America Inc. (DFA), Danone, Dean Foods Company, Fonterra Group Cooperative Limited, Groupe Lactalis SA, Kraft Foods, Megmilk Snow Brand, Meiji Dairies Corp., Organic Valley, Parmalat S.P.A, Royal FrieslandCampina N.V., Sancor Cooperativas, Unilever. This report intends to identify significant growth areas and to explore relevant market strategies. This in-depth analysis delves into the global market for organic dairy products. The primary goal of this research is to examine the potential growth areas, significant trends, and the market's impact on the industry. The report also reviews the adoption of organic dairy products in both established and emerging markets.
Study of customer satisfaction for selected milk products at Desi Farms , PuneDurgeshRaje1
The document discusses the dairy industry in India. It provides background on the growth of the dairy industry in India, noting that India is now the largest producer of milk in the world. It discusses the key players in the formal and informal dairy sectors. The formal sector is dominated by cooperatives, while the informal sector consists of village milk vendors. It also discusses factors affecting competitiveness in the dairy industry, including demand conditions, market structure, factor conditions, and the role of government. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the dairy industry in India, its history, current structure, challenges and opportunities for further growth.
Hello Friends. This project is represent that what they suffer(like - claims regarding for leakage in pack milk or other customer complains regarding milk, margin on pack milk). All those things has been included in this project and at last i have given some suggestion what should to do for increase in sales and with agents and customer satisfaction also.
The document summarizes a research study on the global chia seeds market published by Profshare Market Research. The study analyzes market trends from 2015-2020 with 2019 as the base year and provides forecasts for the market from 2021-2028. It covers market constraints, risks, opportunities, and the impact of COVID-19. The study examines factors affecting the market including consumer expectations, environmental changes, government policies, technology, and supply chain dynamics. It also includes an analysis of industry players, applications, regions, and research methodology.
Masters thesis defense on milk market chainDereje Admassu
This document outlines the methodology for a market chain analysis of milk production in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia. It includes:
1) An introduction providing background on global and African milk production trends and the study area.
2) Objectives to identify key milk marketing channels and margins, analyze factors affecting smallholder participation and supply, and assess production and marketing prospects and constraints.
3) A methodology section describing the cross-sectional study design, data collection from primary and secondary sources, sample selection of over 300 smallholder farmers and 22 traders, and data analysis plans including descriptive statistics, econometric models, and analysis of market structure, conduct and performance.
4) An outline of the document sections
Food Waste Management Market Report: Industry Outlook, Latest Development and...IMARC Group
The global food waste management market grew at a CAGR of around 5% during 2015-2020. Looking forward, IMARC Group expects the global food waste management market to exhibit moderate growth during the next five years.
To learn more about this market, visit us at: https://www.imarcgroup.com/food-waste-management-market
We are regularly tracking the direct effect of COVID-19 on the market, along with the indirect influence of associated industries. These observations will be integrated into the report.
The report has categorized the market based on region, waste type, process, source and application.
For more information, request for a free sample report https://www.imarcgroup.com/food-waste-management-market/requestsample
Contact Us:
IMARC Group
30 N Gould St, Ste R
Sheridan, WY (Wyoming) 82801 USA
Email: Sales@imarcgroup.com
Tel No:(D) +91 120 433 0800
Americas:- +1 631 791 1145 | Africa and Europe :- +44- 753-713-2163 | Asia: +91-120-433-0800, +91-120-433-0800
This document summarizes discussions from a conference on mainstreaming livestock value chains for development. The conference aimed to strengthen linkages between livestock analysis, impact assessment, economic modeling and policy advocacy. Key points included the growing importance of livestock for development, incomplete markets and data gaps. Participants discussed solutions like collective action and improving infrastructure, as well as policy changes and information needs. Modeling initiatives were presented on households, markets and landscapes, but limitations were noted in representing value chain actors and policy impacts. Overall, while livestock's development role is acknowledged, further work is needed to integrate analysis, close data gaps and build capacity for informed policymaking.
The document summarizes a research study on the global organic starch market published by Profshare Market Research. The market is expected to show CAGR growth between 2019-2027. The research precisely analyzes opportunities and challenges in the market. It provides an overview, growth forecast, segmentation, competitive analysis, and examines factors influencing the market like consumer expectations, environmental changes, policies, technology, raw materials, and mergers and acquisitions. The study also analyzes the market impact of COVID-19.
The document summarizes the selection of priority value chains for a climate-friendly agribusiness project in Lao PDR. Rice and vegetables were selected based on 14 criteria in two categories: farmer inclusion/sustainability and value chain structure. For rice, strengths included potential outreach to farmers, increased incomes, and alignment with government priorities. Weaknesses included environmental impacts of production methods. For vegetables, strengths were income potential from domestic and export markets and social inclusion of women. The analysis found potential to improve post-harvest handling and market access for both commodities.
This project report provides a summary of a study conducted on the sales and distribution of Amul milk in the Pune market. It discusses the dairy industry in India and Amul's history, objectives of the study, research methodology, data collection and analysis. Key findings include that Amul faces tough competition from brands like Chitale and Katraj, with Chitale having the largest market share. Awareness of Amul milk is average among retailers and consumers, but acceptance is low. It is concluded that Amul milk has high potential but low acceptance compared to competitors that customers regularly use. The report recommends that Amul undertake promotional strategies to boost distribution and increase advertising through various channels.
The research study analyzes the global baby food market. It is expected to show a CAGR of between 2019-2027. The study considers parameters like base year, historical data, forecast data, regional scope, and revenue and volume in millions. It provides an in-depth analysis of the COVID-19 impact. Key factors affecting the baby food market include consumer expectations, environmental changes, government policies, technology, raw materials, and suppliers. The study delivers an overview, growth forecast, and segmentation of the baby food market from 2015 to 2028. It is useful for gaining insight into the market through analysis of key aspects like market estimation, forecasting, growth drivers, supply analysis, applications, key players, regions,
Factors affect on consumer behavior of fresh milk consumption case study pr...mnikzaad
This document outlines a research proposal that aims to study consumer buying behavior related to fresh milk in Sri Lanka. It will examine consumer profiles, factors influencing purchasing decisions, and identify new marketing strategies. The methodology involves a survey of 100 households to collect data on consumption frequency, product awareness, and attitudes. Statistical analysis will identify relationships between demographic variables and consumption levels. The findings could help promote awareness and increase consumption of fresh milk to help meet the country's demand.
IRJET- An Implementation of Diary Food Products using Android ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document discusses the development of an Android application to manage dairy food products. It aims to digitize the supply chain process from manufacturers to distributors to retailers. The app allows users to view product catalogs and prices, place orders, check order histories and payments, and provide feedback. It is intended to reduce manual work by facilitating communication and data sharing between parties. The app design includes modules for users, administrators, orders, payments, and reports. It is concluded that the app will help optimize pricing and sales forecasts to benefit all members of the dairy supply chain.
The document summarizes a summer internship project presentation on developing a digital platform for agricultural cooperatives and farmers producer organizations (FPOs) to better manage their data and operations. Key findings from interviews with 35 FPOs were that they lacked computerized systems, had poor data management of farmers' details, and faced challenges in transaction histories, crop calendars, and logistics planning. The presentation proposed a digital platform to help FPOs address these issues through features like farmer registration, crop planning, purchase/sales order management, and inventory tracking. Overall, the internship highlighted the need for data-driven solutions to increase FPO profitability and transparency.
IG International is a leading importer and distributor of fresh fruits in India that was founded in 1965 and has expanded over the decades to include import, export, cold storage, logistics and retail operations. The company imports over 30 varieties of fruits from 20 countries and has a presence across India with 15 regional offices, 20 wholesale outlets and extensive cold storage facilities. IG International is led by Chairman Gian Chand Arora and aims to be the largest integrated fresh produce supply chain provider in India.
Agricultural sustainability through collaboration, beyond competitionGCARD Conferences
The document summarizes the work of SAI Platform, a collaboration of companies focused on sustainable agriculture. It describes how SAI Platform has evolved from a small discussion platform to a full supply chain implementation organization. A key tool developed by SAI Platform is the Farm Sustainability Assessment (FSA), an open-source assessment tool that allows farmers to evaluate and report on their sustainable practices. The FSA aims to create a common language for assessing sustainability across different certification schemes and is now used in over 20 countries.
This document provides an introduction and objectives for a study on the impact of the Electronic National Agriculture Market (e-NAM) on farmers in Western Uttar Pradesh, India. The 3 objectives are:
1) To study the socio-economic status of farmers associated with e-NAM
2) To study awareness and knowledge of e-NAM among farmers
3) To identify constraints of e-NAM and propose improvements
The study will use a descriptive research design and collect primary and secondary data through interviews with farmers using pre-tested questionnaires. Appropriate statistical analysis will then analyze the data in light of the objectives.
Dairy Producers’ Willingness to pay for advisory service in Debrezeit milkshe...ILRI
Presentation by Anteneh Girma, Mohamadou Fadiga & Ranjitha Puskur for the 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture and the 18th Annual Meeting of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, October 25-28, 2010.
The global market for organic dairy products is expected to grow from $ 16,307.0 million in 2021 to $ 23,193.8 million in 2026. The market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 7.3% over the forecast period (2021-2026). Some of the market's key participants are AMUL, Arla Foods UK Plc, Dairy Farmers of America Inc. (DFA), Danone, Dean Foods Company, Fonterra Group Cooperative Limited, Groupe Lactalis SA, Kraft Foods, Megmilk Snow Brand, Meiji Dairies Corp., Organic Valley, Parmalat S.P.A, Royal FrieslandCampina N.V., Sancor Cooperativas, Unilever. This report intends to identify significant growth areas and to explore relevant market strategies. This in-depth analysis delves into the global market for organic dairy products. The primary goal of this research is to examine the potential growth areas, significant trends, and the market's impact on the industry. The report also reviews the adoption of organic dairy products in both established and emerging markets.
Study of customer satisfaction for selected milk products at Desi Farms , PuneDurgeshRaje1
The document discusses the dairy industry in India. It provides background on the growth of the dairy industry in India, noting that India is now the largest producer of milk in the world. It discusses the key players in the formal and informal dairy sectors. The formal sector is dominated by cooperatives, while the informal sector consists of village milk vendors. It also discusses factors affecting competitiveness in the dairy industry, including demand conditions, market structure, factor conditions, and the role of government. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the dairy industry in India, its history, current structure, challenges and opportunities for further growth.
Hello Friends. This project is represent that what they suffer(like - claims regarding for leakage in pack milk or other customer complains regarding milk, margin on pack milk). All those things has been included in this project and at last i have given some suggestion what should to do for increase in sales and with agents and customer satisfaction also.
The document summarizes a research study on the global chia seeds market published by Profshare Market Research. The study analyzes market trends from 2015-2020 with 2019 as the base year and provides forecasts for the market from 2021-2028. It covers market constraints, risks, opportunities, and the impact of COVID-19. The study examines factors affecting the market including consumer expectations, environmental changes, government policies, technology, and supply chain dynamics. It also includes an analysis of industry players, applications, regions, and research methodology.
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Independent Study - College of Wooster Research (2023-2024) FDI, Culture, Glo...AntoniaOwensDetwiler
"Does Foreign Direct Investment Negatively Affect Preservation of Culture in the Global South? Case Studies in Thailand and Cambodia."
Do elements of globalization, such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), negatively affect the ability of countries in the Global South to preserve their culture? This research aims to answer this question by employing a cross-sectional comparative case study analysis utilizing methods of difference. Thailand and Cambodia are compared as they are in the same region and have a similar culture. The metric of difference between Thailand and Cambodia is their ability to preserve their culture. This ability is operationalized by their respective attitudes towards FDI; Thailand imposes stringent regulations and limitations on FDI while Cambodia does not hesitate to accept most FDI and imposes fewer limitations. The evidence from this study suggests that FDI from globally influential countries with high gross domestic products (GDPs) (e.g. China, U.S.) challenges the ability of countries with lower GDPs (e.g. Cambodia) to protect their culture. Furthermore, the ability, or lack thereof, of the receiving countries to protect their culture is amplified by the existence and implementation of restrictive FDI policies imposed by their governments.
My study abroad in Bali, Indonesia, inspired this research topic as I noticed how globalization is changing the culture of its people. I learned their language and way of life which helped me understand the beauty and importance of cultural preservation. I believe we could all benefit from learning new perspectives as they could help us ideate solutions to contemporary issues and empathize with others.
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1. Masters thesis defense
The market chain analysis of milk production : The case
debere Berhan town, Amahara region, Ethiopia
By: Dereje Admassu Reta
Advisor: Tsega A. (Phd)
July , 2020
Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
112/6/2020
2. OUTLINE
1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the study
1.2. Statement of the problem
1.3. Objectives of the study
1.4. Research questions
1.5. Hypothesis
2. Conceptual framework
3. Methodology
3.1. Description of study area
3.2. Sample methods and size
3.3. Research Design ,Data source
and collection methods
3.4. Data analysis methods
3.5. Pilot survey summery
3.6. Limitation
4. Major results and discussion(10)
4.1. Results of descriptive analysis of milk
producer
4.2. Results of descriptive analysis of
actors
4.3. Results from the econometrics model
4.4. Prospects and major constraints
5. Conclusion, policy implications &Suggestion
5.2. Conclusion
5.2. Recommendation
5.3. Suggestion
References
12/6/2020 2
3. 1. INTRODUCTION
Globally milk production 2017-2018
was produced 843 million ton &
increased by 2.2% on the nations
India, turkey, European union,
Pakistan, the USA. However, to
some extent declines in china,
Ukraine and others (FAO, 2019).
1.1. Background of the study
In Africa, milk output was estimated
350 million tones & increase by 1.1
% on the nation Kenya, South
Africa, Algeria and Morocco.
However; partially offset by decreases
elsewhere, especially Mali and Niger
(FAO, 2019).
12/6/2020 3
4. Cont.
In Ethiopia & Amhara region the main
formal marketing chain actors in cow
milk are
o processors, traders (collectors,
wholesalers, retailers and cafe/hotel
owners), and consumers (Ketema,2016;
Abu,2016; Ali, 2017).
o Enters formal channel in Amhara
region accepted figure is less than
10% others informal (traditional)
(Feleke G. , 2003; Land O’Lakes, 2010).
In Ethiopia milk production was
indicated
o 3.1 billion liters (RuLIS dataset ;FAO
;CSA, 2014).
o The priority on GTP II period(2015-2020)
increase annual growth rate by 15.5% ,
from 5,304 million litters to 9,418
million litters (GTP, 2016).
o However; this production is very low with
comparable to African and World
12/6/2020 4
5. Cont.
• Sex (gander),
• Age,
• Education level,
• Family size,
• Number of children of the household
• Land holding size,
• Experience milk production ,
The fresh row cow milk participation and supply to the market to affected by:
• Access of market information,
• Access of credit,
• Extension serves,
• Number of cross breed milking cows,
• Price per liter offered at the market,
• Income of households and
• Members of cooperative.
Sintayehu Yigrem, 2008; Negassa, 2009; Anjani Kumar, 2010; Berhanu, 2012; Meryem, 2013;
Berhanu Gebremedhin, 2013; Tadele Mamo, 2014; Burke W, 2015; Mekonnen, 2015; Benyam
Tadesse, 2016; Gemechu, 2016; Ali, 2017 and Tsega Lemma, 2017
12/6/2020 5
6. 1.2. Statement of the problem
The motivation of this study is to full fill the gap such as;
Others academics was not covered this potential study area;
Ethiopian and in particular in this study area smallholder dairy producers are
facing by numbers of problems. So that;
o To analyzed factors affecting on participation decision & volume of milk
supplied to the market ;
oTo full fill the linkage of ;
producers(farmers) with actors or the relation between supply with
demand;
producers with supportive institutions in particular credit institution;
To show the price margin between producers and consumer seem very
large( the profit of actors from 5-8 birr per liters before value add)
Lastly; to contribute for City administration, Policy makers, Review Literature
and Other actors.12/6/2020 6
7. 1.3. Goal/Objectives of the research
General objective:
The general objective of the study is the Market Chain Analysis of
milk production on Debere Berhan Town.
Specific objectives:
To identify the key milk marketing channels, and margins it in Debere
Berhan Town.
To analyze factors affecting participation decision and level of participation
of smallholder milk producer households in milk market supply in Debere
Berhan Town.
To assess the prospects and major constraints of milk production and
marketing in Debere Berhan Town.
12/6/2020
7
8. 1.4. Research Questions
Who are the key milk market chain, the milk marketing
channels actors their functions and what does marketing
margins along the chain looks like?
What are the factors that affect farmers in production milk
deciding participation and farm level milk product supply to
the market?
What are the prospects and major constraints of milk
production and marketing?
12/6/2020 8
9. 1.5. Hypothesis
has positive correlation with
Age of the household
Education level of the household
Family size of the household
Access of credit
Extension serves
Access of market information
Number of cross breed milking cows
Price per liter
While it is negatively
associated with
Number of children of the
household≤6
Land holding size(Hr.)
Experience milk production
Membership to milk producers’
cooperative
The milk market participation decision & volume of milk supplied
to the market smallholder milk producer households statues
12/6/2020 9
10. 2. Conceptual Framework
Figure: 2 Conceptual framework model of the factors of farmer’s market deciding participation and farm level
milk product supply to the market.
Source: Own Reorganizing Based On (Mekonnen,2015), (Ali,2017)12/6/2020 10
11. 3.1. Description of study area
Figure 3: Map of the study area
This study was applied
in Debere Berhan town
specifically from nine
administration kebeles in
01,06,07,08 and 09
kebeles
3. Methodology
12/6/2020 11
12. 3.2. Sample methods and size
• The sample methods and size for this study was employed such as;
1st , from nine administration kebeles were selected 01,06,07,08
and 09 kebeles based on number of farmers.
2nd from selected fives administration kebeles population were
selected the sample farmers using simple random sampling
procedure.
Additionally, most of participant on milk traders such as
wholesalers /processors, milk retailing kiosks/middlemen
was engaged in study area.
12/6/2020 12
13. Cont.
No. Item Population
Plan of Sample
size
Performance of
sample size
NO- % NO- %
1 Total of 01,06,07,08 & 09 Kebeles
farmers
2008 307 15.3% 303 98.7%
2 Milk market intermediary (2.1.,2.2.) 35 25 71.4% 22 88%
2.1. Wholesalers/Processors 12 12 100% 12 100%
2.2. Retailing /Middleman 23 13 56.5% 10 76.92%
Total (1+2) 2043 332 16.3% 324 97.6%
Table: 3 Distribution of sample dairy farmers included in the survey by kebeles
Source: North Showa Zone Trade & Industry and fish and livestock Department Annual Report ,2019.
The sample size (yamane taro, 1967) n=
𝑵
𝟏+𝑵(𝒆) 𝟐 Where: n = sample size, N =
population size, A 95% confidence level & e = level of error margin (±5).
12/6/2020 13
Note: The remaining not responds different aspect. Such as ; COVID -19 & other case.
14. 3.3. Research Design ,Data Source & Collection Methods
Research Design
o A cross-sectional study was
employed with data type approach
Qualitative ( for s-c-p & observation) &
Quantitative(for statistical conclusions )
Data source
o Primary; &
o Secondary
Data collection methods
o Household survey
questionnaires such as
from farmers, traders
o Observation;&
o Analysis of relevant
document such as reports
of ministries, journals,
books, CSA and internet
browsing, national
policies, zonal and town
reports… etc.
12/6/2020 14
15. 3.4.1. Description statistics
3.4.1.1. Analysis of structure ,conduct and
performance
A. Market concentration ratio
Si =
Vi
Vi
Where:
𝑆𝑖= Market share of buyer i
𝑉𝑖 = Amount of product handled by buyer i
𝑉𝑖 = Total amount of product handled
C =
i=1
r
Si i = 1.2.3.4 … r
Where:
C = concentration ratio
Si = the percentage market shares of the ith firm and
r = is the number of largest firms for which the ratio is going
to be calculated.
o perfect competition an oligopoly:
Between 0% to 40% to
o Medium concentration an oligopoly:
between 40% to 70%.
o High concentration from an oligopoly
to monopoly : between 70% to 100%.
o extremely concentrated oligopoly:
100% (London economics in
association with global energy
decisions, 26 February 2007). Hence,
the market concentration ratio, which
refers to the number and relative size
of buyers in the market (Meryem,
2013).
3.4. Data analysis methods
12/6/2020 15
16. C. Marketing margin
• Total Gross Marketing Margin (TGMM):
TGMM =
End buyer price − First seller price
End buyer price
• Gross Marketing Margin percentage (GMMP):
GMMP =
End buyer price − Gross Marketing margin
End buyer price
X 100
• Net marketing margin percentage (NMMP):
NMMP =
Gross margin − Marketing cos𝑡
End buyer price
X 100
In this study area were analyzed market
margin (Farris, Bendle, Pfeiffer, & Reibstein,
2010) and (Hailegiorgis, 2015).
12/6/2020 16
B. Market conduct
In this study area were
analyzed the behavior &
adopting technology
farmers & traders/firm
(Bain, 1968; Abbott &
Makeham ,1981).
17. 3.4.2. Econometric model
Probit mode function ;meaningful
interpretation of a dummy dependent
variable was estimated (Aldrich, 1984).
And this model was adopted the
researchers (Sintayehu Yigrem, 2008);
(Anjani Kumar, 2010); (Berhanu, 2012) ;
(Berhanu Gebremedhin, 2013) & (Tadele
Mamo, 2014)
To analyze factors that affect
farmers in production milk
participation decision
Let y denotes participation deciding and we
write
𝑌𝑖
∗
= 𝛽0 + 𝛽𝑖 𝐷𝑖 + 𝑈𝑖
𝑌𝑖 =
1 𝑖𝑓 𝑌𝑖
∗
> 0
0 𝑜𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒
Where,
o 𝑌𝑖 Is not observable variable, 𝑌𝑖 =1 when, 𝑌𝑖
>0 (Participated), 𝑌𝑖 =0 Otherwise (Not
participated)
o 𝐷𝑖 is explanatory variables listed under, i.e.
=D1, D2, D3, D4 … 𝑒𝑡𝑐
o β𝑖=a vector of parameters to be estimated,
i.e.= β1, β2, β3, β4 …etc.
o U = disturbance term
12/6/2020 17
18. Cont.
• Tobit model function
;meaningful interpretation of
continues dependent variable
was estimated (Tobin, 1958). And
this model adopted the
researcher (Gemechu, 2016)
• To analyze factors affecting
volume of milk supplied to
market
Let y denote volume of milk supply and we write
𝑌𝑖
∗
= 𝛽𝑖 𝐷𝑖 + 𝑈𝑖
𝑌𝑖 =
𝑌𝑖
∗
= 𝛽𝑖 𝐷𝑖 + 𝑈𝑖 𝑖𝑓 𝑌𝑖
∗
> 0
0 𝑖𝑓 𝑌𝑖
∗
≤ 0
𝑈𝑖~𝐼𝑁 0, 𝜎2
Where,
Yi = Volume of milk supplied to market ;
Di = a vector of explanatory variables, i. e =
D1, D2, D3, D4 … 𝑒𝑡𝑐
𝛽𝑖 vector of parameters to be estimated, i. e 𝛽1, 𝛽2 , 𝛽3 … 𝑒𝑡𝑐
and
𝑌𝑖
∗
> 0 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡
𝑌𝑖
∗
≤ 0 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑡
U = disturbance term
12/6/2020 18
19. 3.5. Pilot survey summery
Reliability and validity :
Explanatory variables correlations (covariance’s) on dependent
variables were found that ;
o Number of items in the scale: 14
o Reliability coefficient: 0.7926 or 0.7926 ≈ 0.8903
mean that the explanatory variables interpreter or estimated
the dependent variables vary high (Cronbach, 1951)
12/6/2020 19
20. 3.6. Limitations
The study has limited.
o This study were not focused in practical on value add fresh row cow
milk (butter, cheese etc.) Supply and marketing.
o The methodology of this study was limited to the sample selected only
five kebeles (01,06,07,08,09)in Debere Berhan town due to budgetary
and time limitations.
12/6/2020 20
21. 4.1.1. The influences of demographic characteristic
Mean Std.Err Mean Std.Err Mean Std.Err
total Participate Non-Participate
Participate per HH 75.58 2.47
Females participant per HH 60.01 2.8 58.01 3.25 67.57 5.78
Age of participant per HH 11.62 0.31 11.37 35.8 12.34 0.58
Land/Hec of participant per HH 1.93 0.41 1.53 0.05 3.13 1.67
Experience of participant per HH(-ve **) 7.59 0.24 7.11 0.24 9 0.58
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
%,Year&Hec.
On Fresh Row Milk production participation , Female, age, Land ,& Experience on Per HH Debere Berhan Town
Obs. 303
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
Figure-4: Socio-demographic characteristics of framing households milk production (in average, years and %)
12/6/2020 21
4. Major results and discussion
4.1.Results of descriptive analysis of milk producer
23. Cont.
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %
total Participate Non-Participate
One (-ve***) 204 67.33 151 65.37 54 72.97
Two 85 28.05 68 29.44 18 24.32
Three 13 4.29 11 4.76 2 2.7
Four and above 1 0.33 1 0.43
0
50
100
150
200
250
FReq.&%
number of children per hh
Number of childern per HH of farmer in Debere Berhan Town Obs.303
Figure 6: Number of children per HH in dairy farming in Debere Berhan town.
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
12/6/2020 23
24. Cont.
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %
total Participate Non-Participate
1-3 Per HH(+ve ***) 143 47.19 82 35.5 62 83.78
4-5 per HH 73 24.09 69 29.87 5 6.76
6 -8 per HH 61 20.13 56 24.2 5 6.76
9 and above per HH 26 8.58 24 10.39 2 2.7
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Freq.&%
Number of HH
Number of HH in Dairy farming in Urban/per-Urban of Debere Berhan
Obs. 303
Figure 7: Number of HH in dairy farming in urban/per- urban Debre Berhan
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)12/6/2020 24
25. 4.1.2. Influence economic factors on milk production
Figure 8: Number Cross Breeding per of HH in dairy farming in urban/per- urban Debre Berhan
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
12/6/2020 25
1.3, 42%
1.67, 54%
0.11, 4%
Cross Breeding per HH Debre Berhan town
Obs. 303
total Mean(***)
Participate Mean
Non-Participate Mean
26. Cont.
Price per liter offered at the market:
Mean value was found 18.73 Birr ± 0.12 .
However, statistically non-significant for participate decision and
farm level of milk product supply to the market (Annex -3).
12/6/2020 26
27. Cont.
Table 6: Major means of income sources for farming households
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
Variables Total Participate Non-Participate
Rank
Mean Std.Err Mean Std.Err Mean Std.Err
Incomesources
crop 13,283.61 316.68 1,3057 379.86 14,180.28 529.21 2nd
livestock 79.6 79.6 0 0 335.21 335.21 4th
dairy 33,657.69 1,913.37 44,415.33 20,95 0 0 1st
Non-farming 1,351.17 302.20 973.33 318 2521.13 750.42 3rd
total 47,903.18 1,879.05 57,476.67 2,108.39 18,639.44 1,281.24
12/6/2020 27
28. 4.1.3. Influences of institutional factors on milk production
Access of credit Accesses of market information
Membership milk producers of
cooperative(**)
total Mean 44.55 37.95 43.9
total Std.Err 2.86 2.79 2.85
Participate Mean 48.92 46.75 43.72
Participate Std.Err 3.3 3.3 3.3
Non-Participate Mean 29.73 9.46 43.24
Non-Participate Std.Err 5.35 5.8 5.8
44.55
37.95
43.9
2.86
2.79
2.85
48.92
46.75
43.72
3.3
3.3
3.3
29.73
9.46
43.24
5.35
5.8
5.8
Meanvalue
Institutional supports
Access Of Credit , information Membership In Milk Producers To Coo. Per HH Of Farmers In Debere
Berhan Obs. =303
Figure 9: access of credit, information and member of cooperative dairy farming per HH in Debre Berhan town
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)12/6/2020 28
29. Cont.
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
Extension service for dairy farmers per HH in urban/per-urban debere Berhan Obs. 303
Title Item Total Participate Non-
Participate
Freq. % Freq. % Freq. %
Extension serves Never sport 21 6.93 7 3.03 14 18.92
Weekly 35 11.55 28 12.12 7 9.46
Two times a month 83 27.39 62 26.84 21 28.38
Three times a month 62 20.46 49 21.21 13 17.57
Monthly 76 25.08 62 26.84 16 21.62
Others( when we want
supports)
26 8.58 23 9.96 3 4.05
Table 7: the extension service for dairy farmers per households Debere Berhan
town
12/6/2020 29
30. 4.1. Results of descriptive analysis of actors
Institute service for fresh row milk actors in Debre Berhan
Variables Item wholesalers/process
or
retailers/middlem
en
Total Obs. 12 Total Obs. 10
Freq. % Freq. %
Access of credit
Banks 1 9.09
Ngo’s 1 9.09 2 20
Micro finance institution - - - -
Relatives and friends 4 36.36 5 50
Traders 2 18.18 -
Others (by Owen startup
capital
3 27.27 3 30
Means of access of
information
Via radio - -
Via written pamphlets - -
Retailers - -
Consumer/cafes/hotels - - 1 10
Whole sellers 12 100 9 90
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
Table 8: access of credit and information for fresh row milk for actors
12/6/2020 30
32. 4.1.2. Market chain map of row milk urban/per-urban of Debre Berhan
Figure 11: Market chain map of fresh row milk urban/per-urban of Debre Berhan
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)12/6/2020 32
33. Cont.
Figure 12: Fresh row milk marketing channels 2020 (percentage and tons)
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
12/6/2020 33
34. 4.1.3. Structure conduct and performance (s-c-p) of milk market
4.1.3.1. Market concentration ratio /Structure : which refers to the number and
relative size of buyers in the market (Kuru, 2013).
o From 22 valid buyer the volume of row cow milk was found 28% of market
share & other traders from 1% up to 15%.So this structure is relatively
perfect competition to an oligopoly on milk marketing(see annex 6).
4.1.3.2. Market conduct: The behavior & adopting technology farmers (Bain,
1968; Abbott & Makeham ,1981) were found that;
o Almost noun of own milk producer’s cooperative
o Lake of bargain power with buyer based on these 11% and above sell for
informal market system
o Fresh row cow milk dissolved with water,
o Do not sell at moment of after milking cow and
o low numbers cross breed milking cow
12/6/2020 34
35. 4.1.3.3. Milk market performance (marketing costs and margin)
Milk Marketing channels
Marketing actors of
milk Descriptions/particulars
Channels
1 2 3 4
Producers Production cost 5.90 5.78 6.00 6.80
Selling price 19.05 18.81 18.72 18.68
MM 13.15 13.03 12.72 11.88
GMMP(%) 30.97 30.34 31.50 35.70
NMMP(%) 69.03 69.27 67.95 63.60
wholesalers/processor Buying price cost 18.25 17.64
Market cost 1.43 1.80
Selling price 24.25 24.29
MM 6.00 6.65
GMMP(%) 24.74 27.38
NMMP(%) 18.85 19.97
Retailers/middlemen Buying price cost 19.05
Market cost 0.44
Selling price 33.20
MM 14.15
GMMP(%) 57.38
NMMP(%) 41.30
Producers portion( GMMP)(%) 30.97 30.64 31.5 35.7
Rank of channels by producers’ share 3 4 2 1
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
Table 9: Performance of milk marketing in different channels of the study area
12/6/2020 35
36. 4.3.1. Factor affecting of milk market participation decision
Variables with symbols Coefficient Marginal effect ( 𝒅𝒚 𝒊
𝒅𝑫 𝒊
)/ Z P>|z|
Constant -1.701(±1.340 ) -
Age of the household(𝐃 𝟐) 0.071(±0.035) 0.005(±0.003 ) 1.89 0.059
Education level of the household(𝑫 𝟑) 0.368(± 𝟎. 𝟏𝟒𝟎) 0.028(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏 ) 2.52 0.012**
Family size of the household(𝑫 𝟒) 0.742(±𝟎. 𝟐𝟎𝟏 ) 0.056(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟔 ) 3.43 0.001***
Number of children of the household≤ 𝟔(𝑫 𝟓) -1.007(±𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟎 ) -0.076(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟕 ) -2.80 0.005***
Land holding size(Hr.)(𝐃 𝟔) -0.268(± 0.198) -0.020(±0.014 ) -1.44 0.150
Experience milk production(𝑫 𝟕) -0.115(± 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒 ) -0.009(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒 ) -2.31 0.021**
Access of credit (𝐃 𝟖) 0.095(±0.294 ) 0.007(±0.022 ) 0.33 0.744
Extension serves (𝐃 𝟗) 0.052(±0.078 ) 0.004(±0.006 ) 0.68 0.494
Access of market information(𝐃 𝟏𝟎) 0.488(±0.363 ) 0.037(±0.026 ) 1.42 0.155
Membership to milk producers’ cooperative(𝑫 𝟏𝟏) -0.650(±𝟎. 𝟐𝟖𝟎 ) -0.049(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟑 ) -2.11 0.035**
Number of cross breed milking cows(𝑫 𝟏𝟐) 2.365(±𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟓 ) 0.178(±𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕) 10.73 0.000***
Price per liter offered at the market(𝐃 𝟏𝟑) 0.041(±0.055 ) 0.003(±0.004) 0.73 0.467
Number of observations = 303
number of covariate patterns = 302
Goodness-of-fit test: Pearson chi2(289) = 493.01 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000***
LR chi2(12) = 256.45 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Log likelihood = -40.214677
pseudo R2 = 0.7612
Observed probability =75.57%
Predicted probability =96.70%
The dependent variable is a dummy variable that takes on the value 1 if the farmer had probability participation decision on fresh row cow
milk, 0 otherwise .When the marginal effect(dy/dx) robust *** & ** indicate statistical significance (P>|t|) at 1% and 5% respectively.
Table 10- The probit regression the determinates factors affecting of milk market participation decision
12/6/2020 36
4.3. Results from the econometrics model
37. 4.3.2. Factors affecting the volume of milk supplied to the market
Variables with Symbol Coefficient Marginal effect ( 𝒅𝒚 𝒊
𝒅𝑫𝒊
) Z P>|z|
Constant -2.391(±2.966) - -0.81 0.421
sigma 4.560(±0.380) -
Age of the household(D2) 0.054(±0.063) 0.054 (±0.063 ) 0.85 0.395
Education level of the household(𝑫 𝟑) 0.604(±0.212) 0.604(±𝟎. 𝟐𝟏𝟐) 2.86 0.004***
Family size of the household(D4) 0.324(±0.342) 0.324 (±0.342) 0.95 0.343
Number of children of the household≤ 𝟔(𝑫 𝟓) -1.981(±0.551) -1.981(±𝟎. 𝟓𝟓𝟏 ) -3.59 0.000***
Land holding size(Hr.)(D6) -0.036(±0.028) -0.036(±0.028 ) -1.31 0.189
Experience milk production(D7) -0.087(±0.078) -0.087(±0.078) -1.12 0.265
Access of credit (D8) 0.659(±0.551) 0.659 (±0.551) 1.20 0.232
Extension serves (D9) 0.089(±0.186) 0.089(±0.186) 0.48 0.632
Access of market information(D10) 0.636(±0.660) 0.636 (±0.660) 0.96 0.336
Membership to milk producers’ cooperative(D11) -0.231(±0.591) -0.231 (±0.591 ) -0.39 0.695
Number of cross breed milking cows(𝑫 𝟏𝟐) 8.339(±0.487) 8.339(±𝟎. 𝟒𝟖𝟕) 17.12 0.000***
Price per liter offered at the market(D13) 0.051(±0.137) 0.051(±0.137) 0.38 0.708
Number of obs. = 303
o 72 left-censored observations at supply to market ≤ 𝟎
o 231 uncensored observations, 0 right-censored observations.
LR chi2(12) = 453.65 Prob > chi2 = 0.0000
Wald test of liner hypotheses fit model: F (14, 291) = 190.16, Prob > F = 0.0000***
Log likelihood = -714.84792
Pseudo R2 = 0.2409
The dependent variable was a continues variable that takes on the value two; if the probability level of milk supply to market the marginal
effect(dy/dx) robust *** indicate statistical significance (P>|t|) at 1%.
Source: own computation from survey data (2020)
Table 11: The tobit model regression the determinates of the milk supply to market
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38. 4.4.1. Major constraints of dairy production and marketing/ actors
were found that;
1) High price cross breed milk cow for milk producer’s was indicated 1st rank and 100(33%)
2) shortage of feed for cow milk producer’s was found the 2nd rank and 79(26.1%).
3) Lack of credit to buy cow and others input for milk producer’s & actors were indicated
producer’s 3rd , wholesalers 2nd and retailers 3rd and 32(10.6%), 3(27.27%) and 1(10%)
respectively.
4) Low breed performance for cow milk producer’s was induced that; the 2nd rank and 35(11.6%).
(Simon, 2016).
5) Season with Related to religion for cow milk producer’s, wholesalers and retailers were found
5th ,1st and 2nd ranked and 24(7.9%), 7(58.33%) & retailers 3(30%) respectively (ASL, 2050) &
(CSA, 2017).
6) Quality fresh row milk problem for wholesalers and retelrirs were found t 1st and 2nd ranked and
7(58.33%) and 3(30%) respectively (See Annex 10).12/6/2020 38
4.4. Prospects and major constraints of cow milk market value chain
39. 4.4.2. Major prospects of dairy production and marketing
The future prospective fresh row cow milk producer’s & actors in this
study area were found that;
Fresh row cow milk producers
o Better market access, available veterinary service and livestock professional extension
support for producers were found totally 108(35.64%).
o Market access 2nd rank and 102(33.66%) ,
o Availability of veterinary service 4th rank and 29(9.57%)
o Availability of livestock professionals for extension support 5th rank and 22(7.26%)
o Relatively well - developed infrastructures 3rd rank and 42(13.86%)
• Fresh row cow milk market actors
o Huge market potential , availability of suitable agro-ecology and well-developed
infrastructures such as asphalted & rural road access to major towns and communication
facilities and telephone access the 1st rank and for wholesalers/processors 8(66.66%)
and retailers/middlemen 6(60%) respectively .
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40. 5.1. Conclusion
The results showed that the Average of fresh row milk yield 6.985 liters per day per
households was produced, out of which 5.69 liters were sold to the market in Debere
Berhan town.
Structure conduct and performance (s-c-p) of milk market
o The structure was found relatively perfect competition to an oligopoly in case of the
market share less than 28%
o Market conduct were found Almost noun of own milk producer’s cooperative, Lake of
bargain power with buyer based on these 11% and above sell for informal market
system low numbers cross breed milking cow
o The market margin using producers portion ( GMMP in %) to computed in rank of
channels four (4), three (3), one (1) and last two (2) was found 35.7%,31.5%,30.97% and
30.34% respectively.
The probit model for this research was reveled that, educational level of the household,
family size of the household, number of cross breed milking cows, to affect positively and
number of children under six years old, experience in milk production, membership to
milk producers’ cooperative to affect negatively on the factors affecting participation decision
milk market. 12/6/2020 40
5. Conclusion , policy implications &Suggestion
41. Cont.
Tobit model for this research was reveled that, educational level of the
household and number of cross breed milking cows to affect positively
and also number of children under six years old to affect negatively level
of participation to supply of milk to the market.
The constraints in this study were found that, high price of dairy cow
,shortage of feed ,lack of credit to buy cow and others ,low breed
performance ,related to season and religion ,quality fresh row milk
problem.
The major future prospect were found that, available veterinary service;
livestock professional extension support; relatively well - developed
infrastructure; huge market potential , availability of suitable agro-
ecology.
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42. 5.2. Policy implications
Improve cross- breeding by adjust the linkage of access information, veterinary
service & credit and promote investment on dairy production for the purpose of
skill developments or technology transfer for improve
Through short and practical orated training
o Increase the knowledge and skills up the small household farmers
o For capacity family planning per household’s farmers in particular females
o To improve the family division of labors forces increase the capacity of all age
particularly 15 up to 64 age per HH
The government and other dairy sector development partners in
particular this study area and nationally to give attention . Such
as;
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43. Cont.
To improve the capacity of business or additional investment with related
dairy production per HH for minimize discourages
To give land near to the living house of memberships of milk producer’s
cooperative for milk collecting centers
To decrease shortage feed : Feeds specific type of animals like milking cow
when hay and silage making for critical periods, link to credit services for
improved forage.
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43
44. Cont.
• To remove cash lack borrowing money from family, relatives/friends and traders,
NGO’s and properly link for three years long credit/loan between farmers and
micro finance institution, private and governmental banks considering a pregnant
cross breeding milking cow insurance system.
• To remove the constraint season with related to religion the farmers sell milk
other religion person and also done to processes partially on vast fasting time of
Orthodox Christianity.
• To improve aptitudes about feed milking cow not only increasing milk
production and quality of milk
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45. 5.3. Suggestion for further research
This study was covered only the market chain of fresh row cow
milk production in case of budget and time constraint at 2020.
Therefore, my suggestion for further research, if you can be
doing value add of the marketing chain of dairy production.
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