This deck covers the latest MicroProfile technologies including the standard alone MicroProfile specifications.

1. Emily Jiang, Java Champion
IBM, STSM, Cloud Native Architect and Advocate
16th May 2024
Master a Cloud Native
Application Standard:
MicroProfile

2. Agenda
01
02
03
2
MicroProfile Background
MicroProfile Deep Dive
MicroProfile Future

3. Community
Driven
Lightweight,
Iterative Processes
Specs, APIs, TCKs

4. Implementations
WebSphere
Liberty

5. Working Group members

6. MicroProfile 1.0
(Fall 2016)
MicroProfile 1.1
(Aug. 2017)
MicroProfile 1.2
(Sept 2017)
2017
2018
MicroProfile 1.3
(Dec 2017)
MicroProfile 1.4
(June 2018)
2019
MicroProfile 2.0.1
(July 2018)
MicroProfile 2.1
(Oct 2018)
MicroProfile 2.2
(Feb 2019)
MicroProfile 3.0
(June 2019)
MicroProfile 3.2
(Nov 2019)
2020
MicroProfile 3.3
(Feb 2020)
MicroProfile 4.0
(Oct. 2020)
MicroProfile 4.1
(July. 2021)
MicroProfile 5.0
(Dec. 2021)
Config 3.0
Metrics 4.0
Fault Tolerance 4.0
Health 4.0
Rest Client 3.0
OpenAPI 3.0
OpenTracing 3.0
JWT Auth 2.0
Jakarta CDI 3.0 //Jakarta EE 9.1
Jakarta RESTful Web Services //Jakarta EE 9.1
Jakarta JSON-P //Jakarta EE 9.1
Jakarta JSON-B 2.0 //Jakarta EE 9.1
Jakarta Annotations 2.0 //Jakarta EE 9.1
2022
2021
MicroProfile 6.0
(Dec. 2022)
Config 3.0
Metrics 5.0
Fault Tolerance 4.0
Health 4.0
Rest Client 3.0
OpenAPI 3.1
Telemetry 1.0
JWT Auth 2.1
Jakarta EE 10 Core Profile
MicroProfile 6.1
(Oct. 2023)
Config 3.1
Metrics 5.1
Fault Tolerance 4.0
Health 4.0
Rest Client 3.0
OpenAPI 3.1
Telemetry 1.1
JWT Auth 2.1
Jakarta EE 10 Core
Profile
2023
2024
MicroProfile 7.0
(2024)
Config 3.1
Fault Tolerance 4.1
Health 4.0
Rest Client 4.0
OpenAPI 4.0
Telemetry 2.0
JWT Auth 2.1

7. MicroProfile
Health Metrics
Fault
Tolerance
Open API Config
Telemetry
JWT
Rest Client
GraphQL
Reactive
Streams
Operators
Reactive
Messaging
Context
Propagation
Platform Release
Standalone Release
Jakarta EE
Core Profile
LRA
Open Tracing

8. MicroProfile 6.1 in Oct. 2023
Health 4.0 Metrics 5.1
Fault
Tolerance 4.0
Open API 3.1 Config 3.1
Telemetry 1.1
JWT 2.1
Rest Client
3.0
Jakarta EE 10
Core Profile
Updated specs Unchanged specs Jakarta EE 10 Core Profile specs
Core
Integrate
Observe

9. MicroProfile 7.0 in 2024
Health 4.0
Fault
Tolerance 4.1
Open API 4.0 Config 3.1
Telemetry 2.0
JWT 2.1
Rest Client
4.0
Jakarta EE 10
Core Profile
Updated specs Unchanged specs Jakarta EE 10 Core Profile specs
Core
Integrate
Observe
– The release date is subject to change.

10. Agenda
01
02
03
10
IBM TechXchange / © 2023 IBM Corporation
MicroProfile background
MicroProfile Deep Dive
MicroProfile future

11. 11
Use case: As a developer, I need
to create a microservice working
in a cloud.

12. Jakarta REST
B
@ApplicationPath("System")
public class SystemApplication extends
Application {}
@Path("properties")
public class PropertiesResource {
@GET
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public JsonObject getProperties() {…}
}

13. 13
I need to configure my services in
my deployment environment

14. A
MicroProfile Config
B
@Inject
@ConfigProperty(name = "inMaintenance")
private Provider<Boolean> inMaintenance;
config_ordinal=100
inMaintenance=false
{
"config_ordinal":150,
"inMaintenance":true
}
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-config/

15. 15
I want to call other microservices

16. MicroProfile REST Client
B
A
@Inject
@RestClient
private SystemClient defaultRestClient;
@Dependent
@RegisterRestClient
@RegisterProvider(UnknownUrlExceptionMapper.class)
@Path("/properties")
public interface SystemClient {
@GET
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public Properties getProperties() throws
UnknownUrlException, ProcessingException;
}
io.openliberty.guides.inventory.client.SystemClient/mp-rest/url=http://localhost:9080/system
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-rest-client

17. 17
What does the service do?

18. MicroProfile OpenAPI
A B
openapi: 3.0.0
info:
title: Inventory App
description: App for storing JVM system properties of various
hosts.
license:
name: Eclipse Public License - v 1.0
url: https://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html
version: "1.0"
servers: - url: http://localhost:{port} description: Simple Open
Liberty.
variables:
port:
description: Server HTTP port.
default: "9080"
paths:
/inventory/systems:
get:
summary: List inventory contents.
description: Returns the currently stored host:properties
pairs in the inventory.
operationId: listContents
responses:
200:
description: host:properties pairs stored in the inventory.
content:
application/json:
schema:
$ref: '#/components/schemas/InventoryList’
….
http://localhost:9080/openapi/ui
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-open-api/

19. 19
I need to protect my services to
prevent from unauthorized
access

20. MicroProfile JWT
A B
@GET
@RolesAllowed({ "admin", "user" })
@Path("{hostname}")
@Produces(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)
public Response getPropertiesForHost(@PathParam("hostname") String hostname,
@Context HttpHeaders httpHeaders) {…}
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-jwt-auth/

21. 21
I need to provide a good
response to my clients no matter
what happens.

22. MicroProfile Fault Tolerance
A B
@Fallback(fallbackMethod = "fallbackForGet")
public Properties get(String hostname) throws IOException
{
return invUtils.getProperties(hostname);
}
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-fault-tolerance/

23. MicroProfile Fault Tolerance
– The annotations can be used together.
– When MicroProfile Metrics is enabled, their usages are monitored.
– The values can be configured via MicroProfile Config.
@Retry @Timeout @CircuitBreaker
@Bulkhead @Asynchronous @Fallback

24. 24
I need to ensure they work in the
Cloud and observe them.

25. MicroProfile
Health Metrics
Fault
Tolerance
Open API Config
Telemetry
JWT
Rest Client
Jakarta EE
Core Profile

26. 26
I need my service to
communicate with Kubernetes
so that requests can be routed
when my service is ready.

27. MicroProfile Health
A B
@Readiness
@ApplicationScoped
public class InventoryResource implements HealthCheck {
...
public boolean isHealthy() {...}
@Override
public HealthCheckResponse call() {
if (!isHealthy()) {
return
HealthCheckResponse.named(“ServiceHealthCheck”).withData(…).down().build();
}
return
HealthCheckResponse.named(“ServiceHealthCheck”).withData(…).up().build();
}
}
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-health/

28. MicroProfile Health 3.1
Startup Probe
Liveness Probe
Readiness Probe
mpHealth-3.1 feature Application provided health
checks
/health
/health/ready
/health/live
Health Check D
@Readiness
Health Check E
@Readiness
Health Check C
@Liveness
/health/started
Health Check A
@Startup
Health Check B
@Startup
Application 1
HTTP GET
In Kubernetes, when the startup probe is
configured, the liveness and readiness checks
are disabled, until it succeeds.
Kubernetes

29. 29
I need to know how my service is
performing.

30. MicroProfile Metrics
A B
@Timed(name = "inventoryPropertiesRequestTime”,
description = "Time needed to get the properties of" +
"a system from the given hostname")
public Properties get(String hostname) {
return invUtils.getProperties(hostname);
}
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-metrics/

31. MicroProfile Metrics 5.1
Influenced by Micrometer
All metrics are under /metrics endpoint.
Data is returned from /metrics calls in the Prometheus 0.0.4 exposition format.
Implementation can use Micrometer or OpenTelemetry Metrics

32. MicroProfile Metrics 5.1
Liberty mpMetrics-5.1
• Tracks metrics from Liberty components and the JVM to help you understand how your servers are performing.
• Provides the MicroProfile Metrics API, which you can use to add metrics to your applications.
• Provides the ability to group application metrics into custom scopes and allows querying of metrics by those scopes.
• Is based on Micrometer - can ship metrics to your choice of monitoring systems (currently including AppOptics, Azure Monitor, Netflix Atlas,
CloudWatch, Datadog, Dynatrace, Elastic, Ganglia, Graphite, Humio, Influx/Telegraf, JMX, KairosDB, New Relic, Prometheus, SignalFx,
Google Stackdriver, StatsD, and Wavefront.)
Micrometer and Prometheus meter registry included in
mpMetrics-5.0.
Provide other meter registries if you want to connect to a different
monitoring system.

33. 33
I need to identify the root cause
if something goes wrong.

34. MicroProfile Telemetry
A B
@WithSpan(name=“list”)
public InventoryList list() {
return new InventoryList(systems);
}
Jakarta REST methods are
automatically traced by default
https://github.com/eclipse/microprofile-telemetry/

35. MicroProfile Telemetry
35
• Adopts OpenTelemetry Tracing
• Set of APIs, SDKs, tooling and integrations
• Designed for the creation and management of
telemetry data (traces, metrics, and logs)
• Supports 3 instrumentations:
• Manual
• Automatic
• Java Agent

36. MicroProfile Telemetry
• Support Java agent instrumentation
-javaagent:opentelemetry-javaagent.jar
-Dotel.service.name=<name>
-Dotel.traces.exporter=jaeger
-Dotel.instrumentation.opentelemetry-api.enabled=false
• Automatically tracing of REST (server and client) calls, and MicroProfile REST Client calls
without code modification.
• Manual instrumentation using OpenTelemetry API
–@WithSpan
–@SpanAttribute
–@Inject io.opentelemetry.api.OpenTelemetry
–@Inject io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Tracer
–@Inject io.opentelemetry.api.trace.Span
–@Inject io.opentelemetry.api.baggage.Baggage
java -javaagent:path/to/opentelemetry-javaagent.jar
-Dotel.service.name=your-service-name
-Dotel.traces.exporter=zipkin
-jar myapp.jar

37. How MP Telemetry works
– https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-telemetry-jaeger.html

38. 38
Done the development. Time to
deploy to my chosen Cloud. How
to do it?

39. Cloud-Native Application Deployment
Kubernetes Istio
Docker
or
Podman
Health Metrics
Fault
Tolerance
Open API Config
Open Tracing
JWT
Rest Client
Jakarta EE
Core Profile

40. MicroProfile Config with Kubernetes
A B
env:
- name: GREETING
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: greeting-config
key: message
kubectl create configmap greeting-config --from-literal message=Hello...
@Inject
@ConfigProperty(name = "GREETING")
private String greeting;

41. MicroProfile Health with Kubernetes
A B
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health/ready
port: 9080
initialDelaySeconds: 15
periodSeconds: 5
failureThreshold: 1

42. MicroProfile Metrics with Kubernetes
A B
@POST
@Counted(name="order", displayName="Order count",
description="Number of times orders requested.")
public Response orderCoffee(@Valid @NotNull CoffeeOrder order) {
...
}
Data in OpenMetrics
format
Collect and store data
with Prometheus
Visualize data with
Grafana

43. MicroProfile Telemetry
7 HTTP headers required by Istio propagated
All Jakarta REST
requests traced

44. Istio & MicroProfile - Putting it all together

45. 45
I need to create a reactive
microservice.

46. MicroProfile Reactive Messaging
Reactive Messaging is based on Reactive Streams Operators

47. MicroProfile Reactive Messaging
The MicroProfile Reactive Messaging API provides a simple way to configure the streams and event queues
using annotations
– https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-reactive-messaging.html

48. MicroProfile Reactive Messaging 3.0
Imperative code bridges with reactive code

49. 49
How to do transactions in
microservices? SAGA pattern?

50. MicroProfile LRA
• Cloud Native Transaction model based on compensating Saga model
• Loosely coupled µServices with eventually consistent data
LRA Coordinator
µS A µS B µS C
• Orchestration via a Coordinator Service that Participant
µServices registers with
• Annotations for joining, completing and compensating
transactions

51. MicroProfile LRA
Need to maintain data consistency across multiple µservices
where each has their own data.
The multiple operations form the atomic action which needs to be
process together
In the case of failures compensation actions are invoked
Flight
µS
Book
Taxi µS
Hotel
µS
Book Book
Flight
µS
Taxi µS
Hotel
µS
Confirm Confirm
Confirm
Start LRA
End LRA
Successful
Flight
µS
Book
Taxi µS
Hotel
µS
Book Book
Flight
µS
Book
Taxi µS
Hotel
µS
Book Book
Flight
µS
Taxi µS
Failed
Compensate
Compensate
Start LRA
End LRA
❌
Error
In the case of success, complete actions are invoked

52. 52
I need to frequently
query/update data. What should
I do?

53. MicroProfile GraphQL
• Avoiding over-fetching or under-fetching
data.
• Enabling data models to evolve, schema
driven.
• Provide a "code-first" set of APIs that will
enable users to quickly develop portable
GraphQL-based applications in Java
– GraphQL Entities
Scalars, or simple type
Enumerable types (similar to Java Enum)
Complex objects : scalars and/or enums and/or other complex objects and/or collections of these.
– GraphQL Components
– @GraphQLApi : GraphQL endpoints must be annotated with the @GraphQLApi annotation.
– @Query: allows a user to ask for all or specific fields on an object or collection of objects.
– @Mutation: create new entities or update or delete existing entities.
– https://openliberty.io/guides/microprofile-graphql.html

54. 54
I am convinced to use
MicroProfile. Where to start?

55. How to get started?
https://start.microprofile.io/

56. Open Liberty Starter
https://start.openliberty.io

57. 57
Are there any learning
materials?

58. Learning materials
– https://openliberty.io/guides/?search=microprofile
– https://github.com/Emily-Jiang/jcon
– https://microprofile.io/

59. 59
MicroProfile Book featured Open Liberty
https://ibm.biz/MicroProfileBook
Twitter/LinkedIn: @emilyfhjiang

60. Agenda
01
02
03
60
IBM TechXchange / © 2023 IBM Corporation
MicroProfile background
MicroProfile Deep Dive
MicroProfile future

61. MicroProfile in 2024
● MicroProfile 7.0 in 3Q 2024
○ Adopt OpenTelemetry Metrics in MicroProfile Telemetry 2.0
○ Move MicroProfile Metrics to be a standalone spec
○ Make Jakarta EE Core Profile dependency loosely coupled
○ The updated specifications: Telemetry 2.0, Fault Tolerance 4.1, OpenAPI 4.0, Rest
Client 4.0
● New specifications
○ Evaluate a new specification: AI with the focus on LLM
■ If interested, join the weekly Monday AI group discussions
61

62. 62
Q&A
Emily Jiang
IBM, Cloud Native Architect & Advocate
emijiang@uk.ibm.com
Twitter/LinkedIn: @emilyfhjiang