Maria Montessori was born in 1870 in Italy and became the first female doctor in Italy in 1896. She developed an educational method focused on individual development, freedom, and self-education using sensory training and didactic materials. Her principles included no rewards/punishments, developing children's innate powers, and preparing them for social/moral/future life. Teaching methods included writing before reading using sand/tracing, teaching math with rods, and allowing children freedom to learn at their own pace with the teacher acting as a guide.

1. A presentation by-
B.Ed (2021-23) ROLL NO.-1

2. INTRODUCTION
Birth and early childhood
Maria Montessori was born to Alessandro Montessori and Renilde Stoppani in a town
of Chiaraville, in the province of Ancona in Italy in the year 1870. Her father, Alessandro
Montessori, was a soldier who later on became a civil servant. Maria's mother, Renilde Stoppani,
was a very well-educated lady, which was very incredible given that women in the Italy of those
days would hardly know how to write their names.
Right from her younger days, Maria was self-confident and always optimistic. She was greatly
interested in things that changed. Maria was a brilliant student and had the ability to learn and
grasp things easily. She always did exceptionally well in her examinations. Both Alessandro and
Renilde often had trouble deciding on what was best for their talented daughter.
Maria was not only a bright in academics but also good at games and sports. She would often
be the leader in the games in which she participated.

3. Maria - The first lady doctor of Italy.
The University of Rome did not allow her to enroll in the
medical course because she was a woman. Maria decided to
study physics, mathematics and natural sciences. In 1892,
she passed her examinations and received the Diploma de
Licenza that made her eligible to study medicine. , Admission
to the College of Medicine was denied because she was a
woman.
IN 1896 MARIA BECAME THE FIRST LADY DOCTOR
OF ITALY.

4. 3 METHODS OF ACHIEVING AIMS OF EDUCARION
a. Motor education training for head heart and body.
b. Sensory education with the help of didactic apparatus.
c. Language teaching consists of desk, small balls, cards
with letter posted on them and colour board and so on..

5. EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLE OF INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT.
PRINCIPLE OF FREEDOM OR LIBERY.
PRINCIPLES OF OF SELF EDUCATION OR AUTO
EDUCATON.
PRINCIPLE OF SENSE TRAINING.
PRINCIPLE OF MUSCULAR TRAINING.
PRINCIPLE OF NO MATERIAL REWARDS AND
PUNISHMENT.
PRINCIPLE OF NO FAIRY TALES.

6. AIMS OF EDUCATION
DEVELOP THE INNATE POWER OF THE CHILD.
HELPS IN MENTAL DEVELOPMENT.
PREPARE THE CHILDREN FOR SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT.
MORAL DEVELOPMENT.
PREPARE CHILDREN FOR FUTURE LIFE.
MAKES CHILD INDEPENDENT AND CONFIDENT.

7. TEACHING METHODS
Teaching of writtings preceeds the teaching of reading.
Teach to write in 1 and half months.

8. First step-
WAY TO HOLD PENCIL
Wrong way Right way

9. Second step-
Teach them to draw different lines

10. Third step-
tracing with fingers the
shape of the letters

11. Then the children will write that learned word on sand.

12. Fourth step-
Now children will write learned letters by tracing the
method ,on paper

13. TEACHING OF READINGS
Teach to read in 15 days.
Reproduction of sound from symbol.
CAT
After that producing some more words
similar to cat-mat,bat,rat etc.

14. After repeating words again and again ,
finally the word emerges in child
counsciousness.child places the card
under the object whose name it bears.

15. TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS
In teaching of mathematics Montessory uses 10 rods
Tracing the shape of the numbers
and then write learned number on
the sand

16. TEACHING OF ARITHEMATIC
Takes 6 months to teach arithmetic
ADDITION- Put the shorter rods with other rods , in such a
way to form tens; 1is added to 9
Subtraction,multiplication and division can be done by
the same didactic material.

17. TEACHER’S ROLE
Teacher as a gardener.
Knowledge about each child.
Use word ‘Directress’ for teacher.
Create suitable environment for learning.
Moral qualities for directress.
Female directress.

18. DISCIPLINE
Montessory supported perfect freedom for child.
Help the child consider the natural consequences of various choices.
Validates child emotions.
Auto education.
Respect for the child.

19. Montossary toys