*Quipper Based Study Guide Presentation *2021-2022

2. Adolescence is the stage in human development
when rapid growth and development happens. These
significant physical changes occur in both boys and
girls. All of these changes are the preparation of the
body for its role in the reproduction. Alongside these
changes, some health concerns also arise. They might
be caused by the poor health and hygiene of an
individual.

3. Health concerns ​are health issues occurring in an
individual due to poor hygiene or health. Puberty brings a lot
of changes, particularly on the physical aspect of an
individual. These changes happen because the body needs
to develop to achieve its role in the reproduction and
continuity of life. In this lesson, common health concerns that
might occur during adolescence are explored.

4. HEALTH CONCERNS DUE TO PHYSICAL
CHANGES
Most health concerns during adolescence occur due to the rapid changes in the physical body of
an individual. During puberty, the different body parts become more prominent in size, and some of them
might get out of proportion at times because each part grows at a different rate. Hair starts to appear in
other parts of the body like on the armpit, legs, face, and genitals. It may become an awkward
experience, but the body will eventually take in shape. These developments that take place are normal.
Health concerns that come along them are manageable especially when the individual dutifully does
proper caring for the body.

5. ● One of the health concerns during the growth spurt is having ​poor posture and
spine problems. this change is different for each adolescent. Some can grow taller at
a faster and higher rate, and this can make a teenager self-conscious and slouch
more because he is not used to being taller. another reason for girls to develop poor
posture due to slouching is their breast development.
● Body odor ​arises as the sweat glands of the body becomes more active. Physical
activities like playing sports at the earlier stages of puberty make the body profusely
perspire. body odor develops when the sweat is combined with poor hygiene, as it
leads to the rise in bacteria that causes the foul smell. the bacteria usually thrives in
the armpit, back, inner thighs, and feet as these are the parts that sweat
abundantly.

6. ● dental problems ​in young adults include dental cavities or tooth decay,
halitosis or bad breath, and gingivitis or swelling of the gums. these
problems lead to one another and brought by the lack of oral hygiene like
not brushing of teeth and poor diet like eating too much sweets.
● dandruff ​is another health concern characterized by the appearance of
white flakes formed from the scalp. it is embarrassing to have and bears itch
irritation. it can be caused by having a dry scalp, poor hygiene, and diet.
● skin problems like ​pimples ​and ​oily or dry skin are other health concerns
during puberty. poor hygiene, unhealthy diet, and hormonal changes in the
body are the causes in developing them.

7. HEALTH CONCERNS DUE TO SOCIAL
CHANGES
The common social health concern during puberty
are the ​problems on social relationships​. Teenagers tend
to focus their attention and spend more time with their
friends as they find them more relatable than family.
Some might even forget their old friends and form new
relationships with new acquaintances whom they share
their interest and agrees with.

8. HEALTH CONCERNS DUE TO MENTAL
CHANGES
The developmental tasks involving the mental health of a young adult requires him to deal
with more complex problems. This is about the development of thinking skills and being able to
relate to other people by understanding their situation and point of view. When an individual finds it
hard to connect to other people or makes it hard for him to deal with problems, he will feel stress.
Stress can lead to ​anxiety ​and ​depression ​among teenagers, the prevailing health concerns
among them. These health concerns dealing with mental changes can also be due to genes, head
injury, or chemical imbalance in the body, the pressure to belong, to be poor, or being
indifferent. ​Abuse​, ​sadness due to the death of a loved one​, and ​separation anxiety are the other
mental health concerns young adults might experience.

9. HEALTH CONCERNS DUE TO EMOTIONAL
CHANGES
The physical changes in the body can bring about emotional
changes as well. ​Mood swings are the common health concern
among teenagers. The changes in the estrogen level of girls,
while changes in the testosterone in boys may cause moodiness.
These hormones can make the individual’s emotion become
intense and swing rapidly. This moodiness will settle down once
you are through and become adjusted with the changes in your
body.

10. HEALTH CONCERNS DUE TO SEXUAL
CHANGES
Adolescent boys may experience “​wet dreams​,” an involuntary ejaculation of semen
during sleep, which can cause stress among them. It might be quite awkward, but it is normal
to happen for boys during puberty.
Menstruation happens to girls during puberty. An earlier onset can significantly alter
the good hygiene habits of an individual because of some old beliefs. There are old-
fashioned practices that are against on keeping good hygiene during menstruation like not
taking a bath or no washing of hair during a period which have no scientific basis. Beliefs like
these lead to ​poor hygiene​, in fact, not taking a shower builds up ​premenstrual tension and
menstrual cramps​. The pain around the waist, stomach, and pelvic area due to muscle
contraction are associated with these health concerns. These are some health concerns due
to poor hygiene during menstruation.

11. HEALTH APPRAISAL Is screening procedures used to
assess different aspects of an individual’s health condition. It
is essential in determining pre-health conditions of an
individual so that early prevention and proper health care
management can be done. This is also one of the ways of
achieving holistic health. It is necessary that young adults
learn to have their health checked and appraised, so that
they may take responsibility for their well-being.

12. HEIGHT AND WEIGHT MEASUREMENT
The young adult can regularly monitor this health appraisal even at home. This
will help them track their health and make adjustments to the nutrients needed for
their body to stay fit. The height and weight of an individual are measured and
recorded especially during the puberty years as various changes occur at this time.
These measurements used in computing for ​body mass index (bmi)​, determine the
body fat and assesses if an individual is at risk of becoming overweight or obese. It
can be computed by dividing the weight (kilograms) to the squared value of height
(square meters).
BMI= weight (kg) / height (m)2

13. CLASSIFICATIONS OF BMI ACCORDING TO
THE RESULT
UNDERWEIGHT <18.5
NORMAL 18.5-24.9
0VERWIEGHT 25.0-29.9
OBESITY >30.0
EXTREME OBESITY >40.0

14. BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION (BSE) FOR
GIRLS
This examination is another health appraisal that could be performed by
the girls on their own. The female body changes rapidly as puberty hits, one of
which is the development of the breast. ​Breast self-examination is a regular
appraisal procedure done when a girl starts to have her menstruation. Check the
physical and visual condition of the chest and armpit for any lumps, changes in
shape or even discharge must be habitually done once every month specifically a
few days after the period.

15. HEARING TEST
The ears enable any organism to hear and distinguish sounds from the
surroundings. It signals feedbacks from the environment and alerts an organism
on dangers especially when it is dark. In addition, an individual’s current health
condition can be notified by the state of their ears and hearing.
Hearing test usually performed on young adults is the ​conventional
audiometry hearing test​, in which they are asked to respond on the sounds
played on the earphones. Examples of the tests are clapping of the hands when a
whistle is heard, and stomping of left foot when a siren is heard. More importantly,
this test can be availed from schools and community health centers.

16. VISION SCREENING
The sense of sight is very helpful for an organism to observe and
gather information from the environment. Hence, proper care and
early detection of eye problems are necessary. Vision screening
(​visual acuity test​) uses two sets of tests - the ​snellen ​and ​random E​.
These services can be provided in schools and community health
centers.

17. SCOLIOSIS TEST
Poor posture can lead to or can be caused by scoliosis, a medical
condition in which an individual has a curved or sideways spine. This
condition can be treated when early detection is made through scoliosis
test. Scoliosis test informs an individual on any abnormalities or curvature in
their spine.
The test consists of a standing position and forward bend position. In
both procedures, the symmetry of each shoulder, setting the spine as the
mid-range, is inspected. This can be performed by teens together with the
help of their peers.

18. MEDICAL (PHYSICAL) EXAMINATION
This procedure advises an individual on his/her general health
status regularly conducted annually. The attending physician
records the inquiry on their medical history, family medical
record, general health status assessment form, x-ray, and the
results in the other health appraisal tests. This service is availed
in schools once every school year and in any community health
clinic.

19. DENTAL EXAMINATION
A qualified dentist does thorough checking on the oral cavity,
teeth, and mouth health. The procedure ensures the general oral
health, even gives information on any dental problems that need
immediate fixing. The smell of the breath can also tell if there’s a
problem with the digestive system of an individual. Dental
procedures and check-ups are done in school dental clinics,
community dental centers, and private dental clinics.

20. COUNSELING
Counseling is also provided for health appraisal to give
advice and support to young adults. Puberty is the stage when
changes happen rapidly and could become mentally and
emotionally challenging at times. This service is very important
to help teens in coping with the changes. They can seek advice,
or even talk about the changes they’re going through.

22. Coping skill is the conscious effort of an
individual to solve or maintain personal and social
problems. The practices that help an individual
minimize and tolerate stress and conflict. In this
lesson, coping strategies teens can use to manage
their health concerns are further explored.

23. SUPPORT-SEEKING STRATEGIES
Coping strategies that seek support from someone a person trusts can help
them deal with their problems. They can be family members, friends, and trusted
peers. Below is the list of the support-seeking strategies.
● Consult from a responsible family member/relative on solving a problem;
● seek help from a friend who can help you resolve the matter;
● learn more about the issue from your trusted people or professional help;
● pursue empathy from your loved ones; and
● seek professional help.

24. POSITIVE PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES
Optimism ​is proven to be an excellent coping mechanism to face life challenges with a
positive outlook. There is no room for negativity in this coping approach as someone actively
seeks a solution to his problem, does not procrastinate and accepts the need for a change. The
list below describes the coping techniques of this type.
● Do not act hurriedly and weigh all options first;
● make a good plan of action to detail out the solution to the problem;
● consider the problem as part of self-improvement;
● be creative in solving the problem; and
● come up with different solutions for solving the problem.

25. AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES
Sometimes people avoid or try to forget the problems to relieve their stress temporarily. These
strategies are usually short-term and could work with other coping mechanisms. Below are some
avoidance strategies that should be briefly practiced to ease the pain and gather strength to face the
problem again.
● Avoid being with people and spend more time with one’s self;
● prepare for the worse that may happen;
● wish the problem to go away or be over;
● forget everything about the issue by keeping busy on other matters or going on a vacation;
● have an exercise, go shopping or eat; and
● hope for a miracle to happen.

26. POSITIVE-REFRAMING STRATEGIES
These are coping mechanisms that are also optimistic.
The practice of taking out the ‘stress’ by looking at the same
situation in a cheerful way features possibilities than the ‘threats’
involved. ​Self-talk ​is an approach to help to think
enthusiastically. The statements below are some talks one can
tell to themselves when they are under the stress of problems.

27. A.WHEN PREPARING FOR A STRESSFUL SITUATION​:
● I know I can do it.
● It’s easier once I get started.
● What exactly do I have to do?
● Soon, I will be through it.
● I have succeeded with this before.
● I won’t think any negative thoughts.

28. B. WHEN YOU ARE CHALLENGED WITH
PROBLEMS​:
● I can do this.
● I will only do my best.
● I have people to help me.
● I make sure to relax when it gets harder.
● I might make a mistake because nobody’s perfect.
● There is nothing to hurry. I’ll solve this step by step.

29. C. WHEN YOU ARE COPING WITH FEAR​:
● I’ll survive this.
● This will make me stronger.
● Lord/allah is by my side.
● Relax! It will be a success for me.
● I can always take deep breaths.

30. D. SELF-CONGRATULATION:
● success!
● I did it well!
● I can do this better the next time!
● Thank god!

31. E. AFFIRMATION:
● I always have new beginnings.
● I become better and better each day.