Manufacturing

1. MANUFACTURING
PROCESS
TAMA NANDI
ROLL:1300723023

2. MANUFACTURING
• Manufacturing is the process of
turning raw materials or parts into
finished goods through the use of
tools, human labour, machinery, and
chemical processing. Most products
were handmade using human labour
and basic tools before the Industrial
Revolution.

3. CLASSIFICATION
• Casting: Casting is a
manufacturing process where
liquid material is poured into a
mold and allowed to solidify,
forming a desired shape.
• Forging: Forging is the
manufacturing process of
hammering, pressing or rolling
metal into shape.
• Machining: Machining is a
manufacturing process where
the desired shape is created by
removing material from a larger
piece.
• Welding: Welding is a
fabrication process that
joins two or more metals
using heat, pressure, or
both to form a strong,
permanent bond.
• Assembly: In assembly
manufacturing, multiple
individual components are
assembled to create a
larger, functional unit or
product.

4. CROSS-SECTION OF A SAND MOULD

5. • Cope: The cope forms the upper half of a
casting mold, providing the top part of
the mold cavity and supporting the gating
system.
• Drag: The drag forms the lower half of
the casting mold and holds the bottom
part of the mold cavity.
• Riser: A riser is a reservoir in a casting
mold that supplies molten metal to
compensate for shrinkage as the metal
solidifies.
• Vent: A vent is a small passage in a
casting mold that allows gases to
escape during the pouring and
solidification of molten metal,
preventing defects.
• Pouring Basin: The pouring basin
collects and controls the flow of
molten metal before it enters the mold
cavity.
• Core : A core is an insert placed into a
casting mold to create internal cavities
or intricate details in the final cast
product.
• Runner: A runner is a channel in the
mold that directs molten metal from
the pouring basin to the mold cavity.
• Green Sand: In casting, green sand
forms the mold, supporting the shape
and detail of the pattern while
allowing for easy removal and
flexibility during the casting process.

6. • Mould Cavity : The mold cavity is the
hollow space in a mold where molten
metal is poured and solidified to
create the desired shape of the
casting.
• Choke : A choke is a narrow section in
the gating system of a mold that controls
the flow rate of molten metal into the
mold cavity.
• Gate: A gate is an entry point in the
mold where molten metal flows from
the runner into the mold cavity.
• Sprue : A sprue is a vertical channel in
a mold that directs molten metal from
the pouring basin to the runner
system.
• Flask: A flask is a rigid frame or container
that holds the mold and core together
during the casting process.
• Parting Line :The parting line is the
interface where the two halves of a mold
(cope and drag) meet and separate.

7. TYPES OF PATTERN ALLOWANCES
• Machining Allowance:
Machining allowance is
the extra material added
to a workpiece to ensure
precise final dimensions
after machining
• Shrinkage Allowance:
Shrinkage allowance is
the extra material added
to a mould to
compensate for size
reduction during cooling
in casting.
• Draft Allowance: Draft
allowance refers to the
intentional taper or
angle added to vertical
surfaces of a pattern in
manufacturing and
pattern making.
• Finishing
Allowance: Finishing
allowance is extra
material left on a
workpiece to achieve
the final dimensions
and surface finish
after machining.

8. REFERENCE
• Books:
• FUNDAMENTALS OF MODERN
MANUFACTURING
Author
Mikell P.
Groover
• Google links:
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://www.investopedia.com/t
erms/m/manufacturing.asp&ved=2ahUKEwjYku6W99qHAxX6lFYBHYjMLx8QFnoECCUQAQ&usg=AOvVaw2HLJiO
NrZl0rGOW8F9d487
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&opi=89978449&url=https://bajrangengineering.in/c
lassification-of-manufacturing-process/&ved=2ahUKEwjqsPHb-tqHAxV3sVYBHWOmBn8QFnoECBkQAQ&usg=
AOvVaw3-qntN4O-eDqK3jnzqRsQV

9. THANK YOU