The document discusses mandibular fractures, including: 1. Mandibular fractures occur more frequently than other facial bone fractures and can be encountered by dental surgeons. They are broadly divided into fractures with or without bone communition and soft tissue loss. 2. Fractures are classified by type (simple, compound, communited, pathological), site (condylar, coronoid, ramus, etc.), and cause (direct violence, indirect violence, muscle contraction). 3. Signs and symptoms include swelling, pain, drooling, and limitations in mouth opening. Precise radiological diagnosis is needed to determine the treatment plan, which involves medical therapy with antibiotics and surgical fixation of the bone until stable.

1. MANDIBULAR FRACTURES
By. SAIF JAWAD
UG.1330154

2. INTRODUCTION
• Fracture of the mandible occurs more frequently than that of any other
facial skeleton.
• It is the one serious facial bone injury that the average practicing dental
surgeon may expect to encounter, albeit on rare occasions, at his surgery.
• It is also a facial fracture which he may have the misfortune to cause as a
complication of tooth extraction.
• Broadly divided into:
1. Fractures with no gross communition of the bone and without significant
loss of hard and soft tissues
2. Fractures with gross communition of the bone and with extensive loss of
both hard and soft tissues.

3. CLASSIFICATION OF FRACTURES
• Type of fracture
• Site of fracture
• Cause of fracture

4. TYPE OF FRACTURE
• Simple
• Includes a closed linear fractures of the condyle, coronoid, ramus and
edentulous body of the mandible.
• Compound
• Fractures of tooth bearing portions of the mandible, into d mouth via the
periodontal membrane and at times through the overlying skin.
• Communited
• Usually compound fractures characterized by fragmentation of bone
• Pathological
• Results from an already weakened mandible by pathological conditions.

5. SIMPLE
COMPOUND
COMMUNITED
Type of fructure

6. SITE OF FRACTURE
A- CONDYLAR
B- CORONOID
C-RAMUS
D- ANGLE
E- BODY(MOLAR
PREMOLAR AREAS
F- PARASYMPHYSIS
G- SYMPHYSIS
H-DENTO-ALVEOLAR

7. CAUSE OF FRACTURE
• Direct violence
• Indirect violence
• Excessive muscular contraction
• Fracture of the coronoid process because of sudden reflex contracture of the
temporalis muscle.

8. PATTERN OF FRACTURE
• Unilateral fracture
• Bilateral fracture
• Multiple fracture
• Communited fracture

9. AETIOLOGY
• Road traffic accidents
• Interpersonal violence
• Contact sports
• Industrial trauma
• Falls

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• GENERAL
• . Swelling Pain, Drooling, Tenderness, Lacerations, Limitation in mouth
opening, and Bleeding from the mouth. Ect
• SPECIFIC
Dentoalveolar fractures.
Fracture of the: body, ramus, the angle, coronoid, and ect…..

11. INVESTIGATION
• Treatment plan for mandibular fractures is very dependent on precise
radiological diagnosis

12. Treatment
• Medical Therapy
• The use of preoperative and perioperative antibiotics to reduce the
risk of infection.
• SURGICALY :
• BY fixation of the bone in corect way. For restoration of premorbid
occlusion and rigid fixtation until stable.