food related health disorders

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2. Sundas Waqar
2015-GCWUF-3022 2

3. Contents
• Introduction
• Forms
• Chronic and acute malnutrition
• Symptoms
• Causes
• Prevent Nutritional Deficiencies
• Treatment
• Conclusion
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4. Malnutrition
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines malnutrition as
“the cellular imbalance between the supply of nutrients and
energy and the body’s demand for them to ensure growth,
maintenance and specific functions.”
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5. forms of Malnutrition
Under-weight
Over-weight
Wasting
Stunting
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6. Term describing a person whose body
weight is considered too low to be healthy
or a person weight less than the normal
amount for her age, height and build
In developing countries 146 million
children under the age of five are
underweight
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7. Undernutrition
Protein-
energy
malnutrition
Marasmus kwashiorkor
Dietary
deficiencies
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8. Ⅰ-Marasmus
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A child with marasmus has the
appearance of an old person
trapped in a young person’s body
Monkey faces are characteristic to
this disorder because of loss of
buccal fat pads

9. Ⅱ-Kwashiorkor
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Inflammation of abdomen,
enlarged fatty liver and ribs are
not very prominent
Kwashiorkor typically presents
edema, moon faces

10. Weight that is higher than what is considered as a
healthy weight for a given height. Over nutrition can
result in obesity
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11. Weight is less than the normal amount for
one’s height. Sixty million children under
the age of five are wasted
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12. Moderate wasting:
Girls and boys ꞊ 12.1 ̶ 13.7 kg
Severe wasting:
Girls and boys ꞊ below 12.1 kg
Average weight:
(5 yrs. Old)
Girls ꞊ 18.2 kg
Boys ꞊ 18.3 kg
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13. Height is less than the normal amount for one’s age
Stunting refers to a child who is too short for his or her age.
These children can suffer severe irreversible physical and
cognitive damage that accompanies stunted growth.
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14. Moderate stunting:
Girls ꞊ 95.2 to 99.9 cm
Boys ꞊ 96.1 to 100.7 cm
Average height:
(5 yrs. Old)
Girls ꞊ 109 cm
Boys ꞊ 110 cm
Severe stunting:
Girls ꞊ below 95.2 cm
Boys ꞊ below 96.1 cm
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15. Normal
Normal weight
and height
Wasted
Thinner
than normal
Stunted
Shorter than
normal
Wasted and stunted
Thinner and shorter
than normal15

16. World Health Organization estimates
• > 3.5 million/year, mothers and children die due to the
underlying causes of under nutrition
• 36% of children are underweight
• 9% are wasted
• 44% are stunted
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17. Cycle of under-nutrition and disease
Reduced
immune
function
Exposure to
pathogens in
environment
Infectious
disease
Prolonged
illness
Appetite loss, poor
absorption and
increased energy
requirements
Under-
nutrition
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18. Chronic and Acute
Malnutrition
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19. Chronic
malnutrition
Fails to grow to his full genetic
potential, both mentally and
physically
Acute
malnutrition
Defined as the percentage of
children aged 6 – 59 months
whose weight for height is
below 19

20. Early Signs of Malnutrition
• Weakness of muscles and fatigue
• Skin and hair becomes dry
• Menstruation may be irregular or stop completely in
malnourished women
• Depression
• Dizziness
• Lack of energy
• Tiredness
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21. • Lack of appetite
• Inability to concentrate
• Always feeling cold
• High risk of getting sick and taking longer to heal
• Longer healing time for wounds
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1-Not enough food
(malnutrition) harms
the whole body,
including the gut.
2- The gut, damaged from
malnutrition , doesn’t absorb much
food. The food just passes through
quickly. This is diarrhea.
3- Constant passing of stool drains
the body of nutrients. Lack of
nutrients from food is malnutrition.

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30. Prevent nutritional deficiencies
• Add fiber-especially soluble fiber
• Get adequate vitamin D
• Eat healthy fats and omega-3-fats
• Choose whole grains
• Consume magnesium-rich foods
• Eat calcium-rich foods
• Consume cruciferous vegetables
• Drink healthy beverages
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31. Medical care
Keep the malnourished child:
Dry (change wet nappies, clothes and bedding)
Warm (cover and take away from draughts)
Avoid exposure (e.g. bathing,
prolonged medical examinations)
Let the child sleep with mother for warmth at night,
use a kangaroo position if possible at day
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33. Treatment may involve:
• Dietary changes, such as eating foods high in energy and
nutrients
• Treatment for any underlying medical conditions causing
their malnutrition
• Vitamin and mineral supplements
• High energy and protein nutritional supplements
• Treat or prevent hypoglycaemia
• Treat or prevent hypothermia
• Treat or prevent dehydration
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34. Conclusion
• Malnutrition is widespread problem of poverty and
deprivation that affects millions of people, perhaps the
majority, in developing countries
• Poor, hungry and malnourished people are unable
to live a normal life, are less likely to fulfill
their potential as human beings and cannot
contribute fully to the development of their
own countries
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