Makar Sankranti is a Hindu festival that marks the transition of the sun into the zodiac sign of Capricorn (Makar) on its celestial path. It is celebrated in India on January 14th each year and marks the beginning of longer days and the sun's northward journey. The festival involves rituals, gathering with family and community, preparing and sharing traditional foods like til (sesame) and gud (jaggery), and kite flying. It is observed with different regional customs and names across India.