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This document provides an overview of key concepts in Mahayana Buddhism, including its soteriological goals, pantheon of figures, and philosophical schools. The Mahayana goal is to become a bodhisattva who delays full enlightenment to help others, unlike Theravada Buddhism which aims for arhatship. The pantheon includes popular figures like Maitreya, Manjushri, Amitabha, and Avalokitesvara. Philosophically, Madhyamaka views all things as empty of inherent existence while Yogacara posits the concept of the tathagatagarbha or "womb" of enlightenment within all beings.
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Buddhism (1).ppt
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada focuses on monks achieving Nirvana, Mahayana believes anyone can reach Nirvana, and Vajrayana includes Tibetan practices and lamas. Core beliefs include reincarnation, karma, and escaping the cycle of rebirth through purity and Nirvana.
Buddhism (1).ppt
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Key beliefs include reincarnation, karma, and achieving nirvana through living an ethical life and meditation.
Buddhism.ppt
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada focuses on monks achieving Nirvana, Mahayana believes anyone can reach Nirvana, and Vajrayana includes Tibetan practices and lamas.
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This document provides an overview of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism and their implications for public administration. It describes the origins and key tenets of each religion. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating in India with beliefs in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and teaches the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to end suffering. Confucianism was influenced by the teachings of Confucius and emphasizes virtue, morality, and good governance. All three Eastern philosophies emphasize concepts like duty, ethics, and harmony that can influence approaches to public service and administration.
Buddhism
Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, who achieved enlightenment and became known as the Buddha. The religion spread across Asia with various traditions developing. While the core teachings are gender-neutral, women's status and representation in Buddhism has varied over time and traditions. Originally, women had equal spiritual opportunities but later some texts portrayed women negatively. However, Buddhism improved women's status compared to Hinduism, and women could join the sangha. Today, women have prominent roles but full ordination remains limited in some traditions.
BuddhismWhat is BuddhismBuddhism is the religion of o.docx
Buddhism
What is Buddhism?
Buddhism is the religion of over 520 million people, primarily concentrated in East and Southeast Asia.
The religion began in the fifth century BCE in India and Nepal, growing out of the teachings of Gautama Buddha.
Buddhism does not center on a supreme deity. Many of its varieties do not imagine anything supernatural at all.
Is Buddhism a “religion”?
“Everything that arises also passes away, so strive for what has not arisen.”
At the heart of Buddhism are three “jewels”:
1. The Buddha
2. The Dharma (teachings)
3. the Sangha (community)
The First Gem: The Buddha
Around 500 BCE, a loosely defined kind of ascetic spirituality was flourishing in northern India.
Landowning castes – Brahmins and Kshatriyas
Ascetics (Sramana) rejected Brahmin practices of wealth accumulation and animal sacrifice.
The birth of Shakyamuni
Shakyamuni / Siddhartha was born between 488 and 624 BCE – the traditions differ.
Tradition says that his enlightenment was nearly perfected across hundreds of previous lives. In our world, he was born to a ruling family in southern Nepal.
His birth is accompanied by signs and omens. It takes place in a park – he is immaculately conceived.
The Four Sights
Siddhartha sees:
1. A sick man
2. A suffering old man
3. A dead man
…
…
4. An ascetic who is serene and detached from the world.
Siddhartha admires this man and gives away his princely possessions. He travels and masters yoga.
Siddhartha embarks on a path of extreme asceticism, starving and thirsty.
This does not give him the enlightenment he seeks.
Disillusioned with asceticism, Siddhartha moves to Bodh Gaya and re-enters the comforts of the world.
He begins to comfortably meditate under a large fig tree.
Just before dusk, Siddhartha resists the assaults of greed, boredom, and desire, and then fear and anger.
He meditates to move deeper into consciousness, rather than unconsciousness.
Enlightenment
Just before dawn, Siddartha achieves enlightenment.
“I had direct knowledge. Birth is exhausted, the Holy Life has been lived, what was to be done is done, there is no more of this to come.”
He has achieved nirvana. Nirvana means
Being beyond desires
Feeling transcendent happiness
He sets out to spread his message across India.
The wheel of Dharma turns again
He explains his doctrine to his former companions.
This explanation is called the first discourse or sutra, called “Instruction on the Middle Path”.
Buddha explains that enlightenment only came when he
1. renounced the luxury of his princely origins
2. renounced the extreme asceticism of his early spiritual seeking.
Progress only comes through moderation, the “Middle Path”.
Parinirvana
After 45 years of preaching, Buddha falls ill after eating a bad meal his host had served him.
As he weakens, he instructs his disciples not to follow a human successor, but only the dharma.
He reaches parinirvana – the final end of the cycle of deat ...
Buddhism
This document provides an overview of Buddhism, including its founder Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha, teachings such as the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, concepts like karma and rebirth, symbols, followers, and places of worship. Key facts are that Buddhism has over 350 million followers worldwide, teaches that life involves suffering and there is a path to end it through moral behavior and wisdom, and has influenced many cultures across Asia.
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Buddhism (1).ppt
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada focuses on monks achieving Nirvana, Mahayana believes anyone can reach Nirvana, and Vajrayana includes Tibetan practices and lamas. Core beliefs include reincarnation, karma, and escaping the cycle of rebirth through purity and Nirvana.
Buddhism (1).ppt
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada, Mahayana, and Vajrayana. Key beliefs include reincarnation, karma, and achieving nirvana through living an ethical life and meditation.
Buddhism.ppt
Siddhartha Gautama founded Buddhism in India in the 6th century BC after becoming enlightened under a bodhi tree. He taught that life involves suffering, but the Four Noble Truths and following the Eightfold Path can end suffering and reach Nirvana. Buddhism spread across Asia over centuries and developed into three main traditions: Theravada focuses on monks achieving Nirvana, Mahayana believes anyone can reach Nirvana, and Vajrayana includes Tibetan practices and lamas.
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This document provides an overview of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Confucianism and their implications for public administration. It describes the origins and key tenets of each religion. Hinduism is one of the oldest religions originating in India with beliefs in dharma, karma, samsara, and moksha. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and teaches the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path to end suffering. Confucianism was influenced by the teachings of Confucius and emphasizes virtue, morality, and good governance. All three Eastern philosophies emphasize concepts like duty, ethics, and harmony that can influence approaches to public service and administration.
Buddhism
Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century BCE by Siddhartha Gautama, who achieved enlightenment and became known as the Buddha. The religion spread across Asia with various traditions developing. While the core teachings are gender-neutral, women's status and representation in Buddhism has varied over time and traditions. Originally, women had equal spiritual opportunities but later some texts portrayed women negatively. However, Buddhism improved women's status compared to Hinduism, and women could join the sangha. Today, women have prominent roles but full ordination remains limited in some traditions.
BuddhismWhat is BuddhismBuddhism is the religion of o.docx
Buddhism
What is Buddhism?
Buddhism is the religion of over 520 million people, primarily concentrated in East and Southeast Asia.
The religion began in the fifth century BCE in India and Nepal, growing out of the teachings of Gautama Buddha.
Buddhism does not center on a supreme deity. Many of its varieties do not imagine anything supernatural at all.
Is Buddhism a “religion”?
“Everything that arises also passes away, so strive for what has not arisen.”
At the heart of Buddhism are three “jewels”:
1. The Buddha
2. The Dharma (teachings)
3. the Sangha (community)
The First Gem: The Buddha
Around 500 BCE, a loosely defined kind of ascetic spirituality was flourishing in northern India.
Landowning castes – Brahmins and Kshatriyas
Ascetics (Sramana) rejected Brahmin practices of wealth accumulation and animal sacrifice.
The birth of Shakyamuni
Shakyamuni / Siddhartha was born between 488 and 624 BCE – the traditions differ.
Tradition says that his enlightenment was nearly perfected across hundreds of previous lives. In our world, he was born to a ruling family in southern Nepal.
His birth is accompanied by signs and omens. It takes place in a park – he is immaculately conceived.
The Four Sights
Siddhartha sees:
1. A sick man
2. A suffering old man
3. A dead man
…
…
4. An ascetic who is serene and detached from the world.
Siddhartha admires this man and gives away his princely possessions. He travels and masters yoga.
Siddhartha embarks on a path of extreme asceticism, starving and thirsty.
This does not give him the enlightenment he seeks.
Disillusioned with asceticism, Siddhartha moves to Bodh Gaya and re-enters the comforts of the world.
He begins to comfortably meditate under a large fig tree.
Just before dusk, Siddhartha resists the assaults of greed, boredom, and desire, and then fear and anger.
He meditates to move deeper into consciousness, rather than unconsciousness.
Enlightenment
Just before dawn, Siddartha achieves enlightenment.
“I had direct knowledge. Birth is exhausted, the Holy Life has been lived, what was to be done is done, there is no more of this to come.”
He has achieved nirvana. Nirvana means
Being beyond desires
Feeling transcendent happiness
He sets out to spread his message across India.
The wheel of Dharma turns again
He explains his doctrine to his former companions.
This explanation is called the first discourse or sutra, called “Instruction on the Middle Path”.
Buddha explains that enlightenment only came when he
1. renounced the luxury of his princely origins
2. renounced the extreme asceticism of his early spiritual seeking.
Progress only comes through moderation, the “Middle Path”.
Parinirvana
After 45 years of preaching, Buddha falls ill after eating a bad meal his host had served him.
As he weakens, he instructs his disciples not to follow a human successor, but only the dharma.
He reaches parinirvana – the final end of the cycle of deat ...
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This document provides an overview of Buddhism, including its founder Siddhartha Gautama, also known as Buddha, teachings such as the Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path, concepts like karma and rebirth, symbols, followers, and places of worship. Key facts are that Buddhism has over 350 million followers worldwide, teaches that life involves suffering and there is a path to end it through moral behavior and wisdom, and has influenced many cultures across Asia.
Powerpoint Religions
The document provides information about several major Asian religions including Buddhism, Hinduism, Shinto, Sikhism, and Taoism. Buddhism focuses on spiritual development and compassion, teaches reincarnation, and uses meditation and mantras in spiritual practice. Hinduism believes in reincarnation governed by karma and has over 900 million followers. Shinto involves nature spirit worship and shrines in Japan. Sikhism emphasizes good deeds and equality. Taoism focuses on living in harmony with the natural flow of the universe.
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Buddhism originated from the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, in ancient India. The core beliefs of Buddhism are the Four Noble Truths about suffering and its cessation, and the Eightfold Path to end suffering. Buddhists seek enlightenment and liberation from suffering by following the Eightfold Path of right understanding, thought, speech, action, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration. The ultimate goal is to achieve Nirvana, escaping the cycle of rebirth and suffering.
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The origins of Buddhism lie in ancient India.
The religious landscape of the time was shaped by the ideology of the Aryas, a nomadic group who travelled into India around the beginning of the second millennium BCE.
The teachings of the social group known as brahmanas are found within texts such as the Ṛg Veda and Upaniṣads. These contain teachings, philosophies and ritual guides.
The Brahmanic tradition also introduced the caste system.
There were also ascetic movements found within India which had ideologies that did not necessarily agree with brahmanic thought.
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This document provides an overview of key concepts in Buddhism, including:
1. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama, known as the Buddha, and is based on his teachings of achieving enlightenment and nirvana.
2. The two main branches are Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism, which have differences in beliefs around arhats and bodhisattvas.
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This document provides an overview of Buddhism and Jainism. It describes the origins and key teachings of Buddhism, including the Four Noble Truths, Noble Eightfold Path, and Three Jewels. It also outlines the origins of Jainism, emphasizing the principles of non-violence, non-attachment, and truthfulness. Additionally, it discusses concepts like karma, the 24 Tirthankaras, and important festivals in Jainism. Overall, the document summarizes and compares the foundations of Buddhism and Jainism.
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Download & Share:
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Taoism, Shinto, Confucianism, China, Japan, Nature, The Tao, Kami, Confucius, Chinese Culture, Chinese beliefs, Wu-Wei, social order, society, sociology, The I Ching, Lao Tzu, Mencius, Chinese psychological orientation, Western psychological orientation,
Religions of south,southeast, east asia
This document provides an overview of several major religions of South and East Asia, including Hinduism, Islam, Buddhism, Shintoism, and Confucianism. It describes the origins, beliefs, practices, and geographic regions of each religion. Hinduism originated in India and believes in reincarnation. Islam was founded by Muhammad in the Middle East and follows the teachings of the Quran. Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama and teaches that suffering can be ended by ridding attachments. Shintoism is the indigenous religion of Japan that teaches supernatural beings live in nature. Confucianism was developed by Confucius in China and is based on social harmony through virtue and proper behavior.
Asian Religions
The document provides information on several major Asian religions including Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, and Shinto. It discusses the origins, basic beliefs, sacred texts, and other key aspects of each religion. The religions covered originate from different areas in Asia and have varying beliefs, but all have been historically and culturally influential in Asia.
Hinduism 1
Hinduism originated in India and has no single founder or centralized authority. It developed over time as a family of related beliefs influenced by Aryan invaders who entered India around 2000 BCE. The Aryans worshipped male gods and their sacred texts were the Vedas, which were orally transmitted. Later philosophical works called the Upanishads explored concepts like Brahman, Atman, Maya, Karma, Samsara and Moksha and emphasized liberation from the cycle of rebirth. Hindu society was traditionally organized by a caste system which determined one's social status and duties according to their occupation.
Hinduism 1
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mahayana_BereaCollege.ppt
- 1. 1 Sangha (II): Mahāyāna Buddhism Jeffrey L. Richey, Ph.D. AST/REL 260 Buddhism Berea College Spring 2006
- 2. 2 BUDDHISM ON THE SOUTHWEST ASIAN FRONTIER, c. 100s BCE
- 3. 3 MAHĀYĀNA SOTERIOLOGY • Theravāda goal = arhat (worthy one), who attains nirvāna at death • Mahāyāna goal = bodhisattva (those whose essence is enlightenment), who defers nirvāna in order to assist suffering beings in samsāra • Unlike Theravāda laity, Mahāyāna laity meditate, study scriptures, and may even teach dharma • In spite of openness to lay (even female) participation, Mahāyāna remains monastically-driven movement • Mahāyāna regards the number of suffering beings as infinite, thus suggesting an infinite number of Buddhas and bodhisattvas, who function as semi-divine figures – interceding for believers, performing miracles, etc. • Almost all figures in Mahāyāna pantheon legendary/nonhistorical or drawn from non-Buddhist traditions: 1. Hindu bhakti 2. Greco-Roman religions 3. Local deities
- 4. 4 MAITREYA • Name means “Benevolence” • In this cosmic age, functions as bodhisattva • Currently reborn as god • Responsive to intercessory prayer • Future Buddha and successor to Şakyamuni • Often becomes focus of apocalyptic (end-time) expectation and/or messianic (future-savior) fervor
- 5. 5 MAÑJUŚRĪ • Name means “Gentle Glory” • In this cosmic age, functions as bodhisattva • Currently reborn in a Buddha- land (realm of samsāra over which a Buddha presides, in which progress toward enlightenment is faster than usual) • Appears to devotees in dreams • When chanted, his name reduces one’s rebirths until enlightenment • Associated with wisdom (prajñā) that overcomes obstacles to enlightenment
- 6. 6 AMITĀBHA • Name means “Unlimited Light” • Buddha who presides over realm in which one is guaranteed to attain enlightenment and rebirth as hell-being or animal is impossible • Vows to grant rebirth in his realm to: 1. All who make a sincere effort at faith in his power (according to one tradition) 2. All beings, regardless of their effort (according to another)
- 7. 7 AVALOKITEŚVARA • Name means “Observing Lord” • In this cosmic age, bodhisattva and attendant to Amitābha Buddha • When chanted, his name reduces one’s rebirths until enlightenment and eliminates negative karma • Associated with compassion (karuna), rescue from danger, fertility • Seen as protector of Tibet • In East Asia, transformed into female figure – Guanyin 觀音 (Chinese), Kannon (Japanese)
- 8. 8 MAHĀYĀNA PHILOSOPHY I: MĀDHYAMIKA • Associated with Nāgārjuna (c. 150-250 CE) • All phenomena are māyā (illusion): 1. Impermanent 2. Interdependent 3. tending toward suffering 4. śūnya (empty) of svabhāva (self- existence) • Śūnyatā (emptiness) of all things (even śūnyatā!) dissolves all distinctions and dichotomies: 1. relative/absolute 2. male/female 3. samsāra/ nirvāna
- 9. 9 MAHĀYĀNA PHILOSOPHY II: YOGĀÇĀRA • Associated with Vasubandhu (c. 300s CE) • All beings possess tathāgatagarbha = mental arena in which one’s consciousness gradually “ripens” until enlightenment • Three bodies (kāya) of the Buddha: 1. Nirmāna-kāya – apparition-body (e.g., Şakyamuni in earthly form) 2. Dharma-kāya – law-body (e.g., Şakyamuni having attained nirvāna) 3. Sambhoga-kāya – enjoyment- body (e.g., transcendent form seen by bodhisattvas)
- 10. 10