Magnus Global Tech Education was formed to benchmark the Standards of Engineering by providing adequate industrial exposure to the Engineers through our varied job specific training programs. It gives immense pleasure to introduce ourselves as one of the leading Technical Education centre. We are offering training programs for all major industries like, Oil & Gas, Power Plant, Automotive, Aerospace, Consumer Goods, Electronics & Information Technologies.
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
Master class presentation on artificial lift screening and selection. Prepared for Praxis' Interactive Technology Workshop on Artificial Lift, Dubai, September 2013.
Una pequeña muestra de mi trabajo como estudiante de Diseño Industrial.
A small sample of my work as a student of Industrial Design.
Eine kleine Probe meiner Arbeit als Industriedesignstudent.
Explained Valve opening methods & few capacitiesVrushtiVarma
Here, numerous valves achieve comparable objectives they do as such precisely can change. If your valve castings contain elastomers, also be considered for their chemical compatibility as well as pressure and temperature limits.
Learn how the theoretical applications of spring supports are put into use in the real world. We will start with a review of the working principles of both variable and constant springs. See how brand new spring looks at delivery, and review installation guidelines. Learn the key points to review through the total installation process and subsequently when the springs are in operation. See how to determine if springs need adjustments, re-calibration, refurbishment or replacement. View in field examples, shutdown and isolation procedures. See the selection process required when there are significant changes to the operating condition.
Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
FUNCTION OF PIPING ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
• PLANT LAYOUT
• LAYOUT
• PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
• VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
• PIPE ROUTING
• STRESS ANALYSIS
• OBJECTIVE
• REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
• TYPE OF SUPPORTS
• FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
• MATERIAL ENGINEERING
• BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION
• MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM
• MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel use of indust...TOPENGINEERINGSOLUTIONS
This is a water engineering assignment on Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel
(Use of Industry Standard Software)
Module Code: NG2S106, Module Title: Water Engineering
PowerLogistics Asia 2014 - Lifting & Hoisting - Best Practices – P V N Chandr...PowerLift Events
www.powerlogisticsasia.com is an annual project logistics event which is taking place in Singapore. The event brings together the heavy transport and lifting industry that is catering to the oil, gas, heavy engineering, power, mining and other related industries. It offers a great opportunity for participants to hold up the flag in the South East Asian project cargo market. It comprises of educational workshops, conferences, seminars and an exhibition.
www.powerlogisticsasia.com
Una pequeña muestra de mi trabajo como estudiante de Diseño Industrial.
A small sample of my work as a student of Industrial Design.
Eine kleine Probe meiner Arbeit als Industriedesignstudent.
Explained Valve opening methods & few capacitiesVrushtiVarma
Here, numerous valves achieve comparable objectives they do as such precisely can change. If your valve castings contain elastomers, also be considered for their chemical compatibility as well as pressure and temperature limits.
Learn how the theoretical applications of spring supports are put into use in the real world. We will start with a review of the working principles of both variable and constant springs. See how brand new spring looks at delivery, and review installation guidelines. Learn the key points to review through the total installation process and subsequently when the springs are in operation. See how to determine if springs need adjustments, re-calibration, refurbishment or replacement. View in field examples, shutdown and isolation procedures. See the selection process required when there are significant changes to the operating condition.
Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
FUNCTION OF PIPING ENGINEERING
• PIPING ENGINEERING TEAM
• PLANT LAYOUT
• LAYOUT
• PIPE FITTINGS CLASSIFICATION
• VALVE CLASSIFICATION BASED ON FUNCTION
• PIPE ROUTING
• STRESS ANALYSIS
• OBJECTIVE
• REQUIREMENTS OF SUPPORTS IN PIPING SYSTEM
• TYPE OF SUPPORTS
• FAMILIARIZATION WITH STRESS SYMBOLS
• MATERIAL ENGINEERING
• BASIS FOR MATERIALS SELECTION
• MATERIAL SELECTION DIAGRAM
• MATERIAL SELECTION AS A FUNCTION OF TEMPERATURE
Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel use of indust...TOPENGINEERINGSOLUTIONS
This is a water engineering assignment on Characteristics of single pump and pumps in series and parallel
(Use of Industry Standard Software)
Module Code: NG2S106, Module Title: Water Engineering
PowerLogistics Asia 2014 - Lifting & Hoisting - Best Practices – P V N Chandr...PowerLift Events
www.powerlogisticsasia.com is an annual project logistics event which is taking place in Singapore. The event brings together the heavy transport and lifting industry that is catering to the oil, gas, heavy engineering, power, mining and other related industries. It offers a great opportunity for participants to hold up the flag in the South East Asian project cargo market. It comprises of educational workshops, conferences, seminars and an exhibition.
www.powerlogisticsasia.com
Ocs training - piping stress analysis using caesar ii softwareMuanisa Waras
Advance your career with join our Training Schedule 2019 as below:
“Pipe Stress Analysis (PSA) Training using CAESAR II (5 Days)”
Bandung, Indonesia: March 25th – 29th, 2019"
For more information on how to enroll contact us at muanisa@ocsgroup.com or phone at +6221 2555 5772 / +6281617851607
RISSB’s National Rail Turnouts Workshop in Canberra this November brought together a wealth of industry knowledge and experience. Download our summary of the Q&A session on maintenance issues for turnouts featuring: Toby Horstead, Senior Asset Planning Coordinator, Civil & Stations, Asset Planning & Programming, RailCorp; John Furness, Manager Standards, ARTC;
Steve Johnson, Manager Strategic Projects, Rhomberg Rail Australia;
Michael Green, Infrastructure Operations Manager, Metro Trains Melbourne and
Warwick Kinscher, General Manager, Vossloh Cogifer Australia
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
1. Magnus Technical News Letter
Edition #129 November ‘16
In this Issue
Tips for Academic Success
By HR Department
Pipe Supports Selection
By Piping Department
Project Execution Strategy
By Process Department
Proper Column Construction Techniques
By Guest Article
www.magnus-global.com
2. www.magnus-global.com
Making the transition academically
from high school to college requires
students to realize that there are greater
academic expectations at the college
level. Students in engineering often have to alter the
amount of time they spend studying and the way they
study in order to be academically successful. The key to
academic success in college is to learn and select new
study strategies appropriate for the academic task,
monitor your academic progress, and evaluate your
learning process.
General Academic Tips
• Everyone needs extra help. If you’re having difficulty
in a class, seek out the support you need EARLY!
• Get to know your professors—go to your faculty
member’s office hours at least twice during the
semester.
• Make an appointment to meet your advisor and get
to know him or her.
• Form study groups! Working on a team is a critical
part of being an engineer and study groups help you
perform better as you create a network of support.
• Get involved—balance is key in engineering and one
of the biggest predictors of success is who you choose
to surround yourself with.
• Make sure that if you work, it’s no more than 15
hours per week.
• Repeated exposure to the material you are learning is
essential to retaining. Review to remember and
remember to review!
Taking Notes
• Go to class and take notes.
• Make sure you label example problems, equations,
theories etc.
• Be sure to write down any explanatory remarks your
professor makes about a problem (i.e. how do you get
from one step to another or why a particular method
was used with which particular conditions).
• After class, read over your notes and either condense
(humanities/social science classes) or expand
(engineering classes) your notes in the left hand
column of the paper.
Reading Assignments
• Preview the chapter before you read the
assignment.
• Read the assignment BEFORE you go to class.
• Take notes on your reading to keep you focused.
• Review your reading notes.
Test Preparation
• If available, work old exams. The methods with
which your engineering professors want you to
demonstrate your understanding of the material
is often radically different than high school. Even
if you’ve been exposed to material before, keep
in mind that chemistry, calculus, and physics
exams in college are different than chemistry,
calculus, and physics exams in high school.
• Join a study group to learn information and solve
problems covered in class.
• Predict test areas & prepare for an exam at least
one week prior to the exam.
Study Strategies
• Annotation – writing notes in the margin of your
textbook in your own words
• Adapted Cornell Notetaking – taking the notes
on the right side of the margin and condensing or
expanding on the left hand side
• Concept mapping – a variation on outlining in
which you diagram main ideas and supporting
details to learn concepts covered in class
• Outlining – representing the ideas presented in
the text by separating main ideas from
supporting ideas using an outline structure
• Practice test – a sample exam using predicted
topics and the professor’s test format
• Predicting test areas – reviewing notes and
selecting topics for exams
• Time-spaced learning – learning and reviewing
course material in blocks of time that are varied
throughout the week
Tips for Academic Success
3. www.magnus-global.com
Previously, we had seen saw about
the selection of Springs. In this Edition
we will continue on selection of Constant
Effort Spring and General Notes
6. Constant effort spring
• Whenever load variation exceeds 25% or exceeds the
specified maximum load variation percentage in a
variable hanger, then a Constant Effort Spring is
selected.
• In CES the load remains constant when the pipe
moves from its cold position to hot position. Thus
irrespective of travel the load remains constant over
complete range of movement.
• The pipe is supported by a drop rod connected via
turnbuckle to the end of the lever arm.
• The spring coil applies a force to the trunnion arm of
the lever which tends to pull the lever-arm UP against
the load of the pipe.
• The geometry of the lever
arm provides a balance btw
the pipe load & spring force.
The pipe may therefore
move due to thermal
expansion while being
supported with a nominally
constant force through this
travel range.
Selection procedure of Constant effort springs:
Whenever in the Piping system the pipe tends to lift up
by more than 2inches i.e. 50mm in that case use of
Variable Spring Hangers is not suitable. This is because of
the large Load variations throughout its operation. In
such cases the Constant Effort Springs are used.
Irrespective of the displacement the Spring Exerts same
load on the Piping system absorbing the displacements.
Some examples of higher vertical movements of the pipe
are high temperature, long runs, equipment nozzle
displacements, well displacement, or where it is
necessary to restrict transfer of load to adjacent terminal
of equipment or where the spring variability exceeds
25%.
1. Identify the support close to the equipment
nozzle that may be lifting up during the
operating conditions and hence causing nozzle
overload.
2. Remove the rigid support and add a spring
hanger in that location.
3. Modify the load cases to include the spring
effect and run the analysis.
4. Determine the load and the total movement.
5. Total movement = design movement + over
travel (Over Travel is included only when the
design movement is more than 2inch or 50mm)
6. Over travel = 20% of the design movement or
25mm whichever is higher.
7. Choose the spring catalogue of any vendor from
the project Approved Vendor List e.g. Anvil,
Lisega, PTP, Carpenter & Patterson are some of
the popular names.
8. Select a suitable constant spring from the table
and ensure that the spring selected must lie
within the working range (Between red and
black line)
9. Note the spring rate and Hot Load & Cold Load
(Both will be same because of the constant
effort spring)
10. Use this spring rate and Constant effort load and
use in the stress analysis.
11. Depending on the structural availability the
spring can be installed as Hanger Type or “CAN”
Type (Bottom Type).
12. The spring box must be able to move freely
without any restriction.
13. In case of Hanger type spring the height of the
box above the Pipe is also important for proper
functioning of the spring. Note down the height
and pipe lateral movement. Calculate the angle
of this lateral deflection with respect to the
spring box. This angle shall not exceed 4
Degrees. If it is more than try to install the pipe
at a lower height from the pipe.
14. In case of “CAN” type spring, Stress Engineer
must check the eccentricity of the spring load
flange and the spring base plate while providing
foundation information to civil.
Piping Spring Supports - 2
4. www.magnus-global.com
7. Types of VES/CES
Hanger type:
In hanger type spring support, the pipe is hung
from the secondary support using hanger type
spring, as shown. Clevis, Hanger rod, turn-buckle, pipe
clamp, etc. are some other attachments associated with
such a support.
9. Points to remember
• Design spring based on the installation load
(operating load).
• Compactness of the units. Installation heights
designed to a minimum.
• During occasional case the pipe may move more
than the operating movement. In such a case, if
we choose maximum deflection range the spring
cannot get further movement and thus the spring
fails. To overcome such a problem provides
“Cushion Range” means even if in occasional
cases the spring may get compressed, so choose
always “MID-RANGE”.
• Initial design itself the spring cannot be designed
for occasional loads (e.g. Seismic, wind etc.) &
movement then it may be an over design.
• For hanging spring support the lateral
movements (rod swing) should not exceed 4
degree.
• For bottom type supports, where horizontal
movement of more than ½” is envisaged, Teflon
covered load pads should be specified.
• Always mention the hydro test load, while
ordering a spring. This will help the spring vendor
in designing the spring locking arrangement.
• Standard inventory finish: Hot dip galvanized.
• Coils come with a protective coating :
• Protects from a wide range of corrosives.
• Does not affect the flex life of the spring.
• Supports are fitted with nameplates marked with
the installation and operating load, support
reference mark, type and unique serial number.
Piping Spring Supports - 2
Bottom support type:
In bottom support spring, the pipe is resting on the top
of the spring load plate, as shown. This type of spring
support is also known as ‘CAN’ Type or ‘F’ Type spring.
Hanger type or bottom support type is selected based
on pipe layout and the space availability for
mounting.
8. General notes & guidelines
• Any re-adjustment of spring element shall be carried
out only when the line is full with the fluid or its
equivalent in density to balance the weight of piping
and the preset load of spring.
• The adjustment of hanger type spring element is done
by rotating turn buckle or adjustment nuts provided
in the hanger rod.
• During hydraulic testing, flushing or chemical cleaning
of the pipeline, the spring must be kept under locked
condition or protected against overloading due to
weight of testing / flushing fluid, by providing
temporary.
• After re-adjustment it is important to check whether
sufficient range is available on scale for required
movement of the pipe during operation.
5. www.magnus-global.com
The Project Execution Strategy
should be decided early in the planning
process, preferably during the Feasibility
Study. More specifically, the “best fit” approach
should be apparent sometime between identifying a
baseline scope and schedule. In most cases, the
Feasibility Study will contain enough information for the
project sponsor to finalize recommendations to
management on which Execution Strategy best fits the
project.
There are specific conditions and determining factors
that will help you decide which approach best suits your
project. The most critical conditions & influences to be
considered when selecting an execution approach are as
follows:
• Experience & Resource Availability
• Scope, Size & Complexity
• Timetable: Fast Track or Conventional
• Local Conditions, Infrastructure, Industrial Base
• Special Financing Requirements
Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC)
The selection of the EPC Contractor generally results
when the Owner wants limited risk and is prepared to
pay a higher price for a fixed budget. This approach is
recommended for several reasons, but mostly if the
Owner lacks the experience and resources (skilled
project staff) to effectively manage the project.
Benefits of choosing the EPC approach include:
• Reduced Owner Risk
• Fixed Schedule with delivery date
• Fixed Budget (less change orders)
• Single Source for Performance Guarantee
Negatives of the EPC Approach can include:
• High premium
• Longer bidding process
• Limited control over details
• Change Orders arising from additional scope
With the EPC approach, before signing of the contract, it
is paramount that the Owner spells out as much detail as
possible within the scope of work. A poorly detailed
scope will most certainly result in change orders or
poor quality. Because this is to be avoided, it is
especially important that the Owner’s project
manager resist pressures to fast track the bidding
process. Most of the Owner’s risk can be eliminated
in this single contract, so it is important that it is as
detailed as possible. Unfortunately in some cases,
certain details cannot practically be obtained prior
to the Contract; this is a common occurrence in
complex projects that require lots of interfacing with
existing facilities. In those cases, be sure that you
are carrying sufficient contingency on the
conservative side.
Project Execution Strategy
Engineering, Procurement, Construction, and
Management (EPCM)
The EPCM approach allows the Owner to maintain
more control over the project’s Scope and Schedule,
while the EPCM contractor serves and acts on the
Owner’s behalf. The role of the EPCM contractor is
to provide the Owner with engineering,
procurement assistance, construction supervision
and management.
The extent of services provided by the EPCM
contractor is dependent on the capabilities of the
Owner’s staff.
6. www.magnus-global.com
However, typically the EPCM
contractor will be responsible for:
• Design and Engineering work
• Providing documentation and expertise for the
permitting process
• Negotiations with vendors and contractors, and
recommendations to Owner
• Issuing Purchase Orders and contracts on behalf of
the Owner (dependent on Owner’s desire)
• Monitoring and controlling project vendors and
contractors during procurement and construction
The Owner will provide:
• Overall control (staff a Project Management Team)
• Approval of the selection of vendors and contractors
• Issue contracts and purchase orders (unless delegated
to EPCM)
• Acquire permits and approvals
Benefits of the EPCM approach include:
• Maintain overall control of the Project
• No mark-up due to Contract Risk
• Competitive pricing, advantages remain with Owner
Negatives of the EPCM approach include:
• Owner has most of the risk
• Increased Owner effort required
• Potential for Gaps in Scope Coverage between
Contractor and Vendors
Owner Managed Project
Here, the Owner is fully committing to manage all
aspects of the project. This approach has the
potential for the greatest cost saving, but only if the
Owner has the resources and experience for the
complexity and size of the project. Again, if a
feasibility study is performed in the early stages of
the project, the project sponsor should be able to
make a recommendation on whether this approach
is viable.
Benefits of the Owner managed approach include:
• Absolute Control over project
• Direct Oversight over Engineering & Design
• Competitive Pricing, advantages remain with
Owner
• Potential for Cost Savings and fast-tracking
Negatives for the Owner managed approach include:
• Owner has all the Risk
• Increased Owner Effort Required
• Potential for Gaps in Scope Coverage
• Potential for Gaps in Design & Engineering
• Need for Temporary or reallocation of Resources
• Increase Demand on Departmental Staff
• Potential for Cost Overruns
Project Execution Strategy
Summary
Selecting the
Project
Execution
Strategy is
ultimately
dependent on
the Owner’s
risk tolerance
and Project
Management
capabilities,
desired level of
involvement
and control,
and budget
constraints.
7. www.magnus-global.com
There are a number of ways in which
the superstructure can be built. In areas
where average to good quality bricks are
available, the walls of houses for two to three
storeyed constructions can be built out of bricks with the
slabs, lintels, chajja etc. in reinforced concrete. Such
construction is termed as load bearing construction
(Fig 1). This is essentially because the entire load coming
from the slabs, beams, walls etc is transmitted to the
foundation through the brick walls.
Fig 1: Brick Load Bearing Construction
With natural hazards like earthquake or high speed
storms hitting various parts of country more frequently,
such load bearing wall construction is no longer safe for
withstanding horizontal drifts unless retrofitted. Also
such construction is suitable upto G+2 storied building in
general.
Also as the need of building high storied construction
increases, coupled with natural hazards, it is advisable to
opt for RCC (Reinforced Cement Concrete) framed
construction (Fig 2). Basically, RCC framed construction
consists of a series of columns provided suitably in the
house which are interconnected by beams to form a
frame. These columns transfer the building load to
underneath soil through RCC footings.
The frame, starting from the foundation, has to be
designed by a structural engineer who would decide
upon the mix of concrete to be used, the sizes of
columns and beams as well as the reinforcement to be
provided therein, depending on the loads to be
sustained by the structure.
What is Column?
Column is a vertical compression member which
transmits load of the structure to foundations (Fig
2). They are reinforced by means of main
longitudinal (vertical) bars to resist compression
and/or bending; and transverse steel (closed ties) to
resist shearing force (Fig 3).
Typical Loads to be considered for Column Design
Dead Load: Any permanent load acting on the
column, e.g. self-weight of column, weight of beam
Live Load: Any non-permanent or moving load
Earthquake Load: Depends on the seismic zone
where building is located. Higher is the zone, more is
the load
Wind Load: Depends upon the wind speed, height &
location of building. Also terrain and adjacent
structures play a role in determination of this load
Fig 2
Fig 3
Proper Column Construction Techniques
A challenge to overcome
8. www.magnus-global.com
Recommended construction
practices for columns
1. A minimum of 4 longitudinal rebars in
rectangular and 6 in circular columns should be
provided in a column (Fig 4).
2. Rebars should be placed symmetrically across the axes
of symmetry (Fig 5). With unsymmetrical reinforcement
there is always a danger of smaller amount of steel being
wrongly placed on the face requiring the larger
reinforcement.
Fig 4
3. If column rebar is to be used for future construction or
expansion, it is recommended to apply a coat of cement
slurry (cement: water = 1: 3) to the exposed portion of
rebars and wrap them with some polythene or jute cloth
to prevent direct contact with atmosphere to guard
against atmospheric corrosion and therefore loss of
material for joining for future constructions.
Note: Cement slurry provides a natural guard against
the atmospheric corrosion to protect it.
4. While lapping/splices column rebars, it should be
ensured that the connecting rebar is given a slope of 1 in
6 (minimum) such that the centre line of both rebar
coincides (Fig 6).
Fig 5
Fig 6
Fig 7a Fig 7b
5. Lapping should preferably be done in the centre
part of column with a min lap length of 57 times the
dia of rebar(c). So if you are using 16 mm rebars then
lap length will be 3 feet.
6. The ends of the ties must be bent as 135° hooks.
The length of tie beyond the 135° bends must be at
least 10 times diameter of steel bar used to make
the closed tie; this extension beyond the bend
should not be less than 75 mm (Fig 7a).
If this guideline is not followed then the tie/ring
holding the vertical rebars have a higher probability
of opening up during an event like earthquake. This
consequently may lead to failure of column (Fig 7b).
7. Minimum grade of concrete to be used for
building a RCC column is M20.
8 Minimum percentage of steel to be used in a RCC
column is 0.8% of cross-sectional area of column.
Proper Column Construction Techniques
A challenge to overcome
Article by,
Mr. Sourav Dutta
Manager (Civil)
Tata Steel Ltd
9. FOCUS :
Magnus Technical News Letter is a unique attempt
from Magnus Group to create a platform for engineers of
different streams to understand concurrent technologies
and know real time challenges faced, along with possible
solutions.
It gives us immense pleasure to inform you’ll that we will
be publishing the news letter at least once a month. We
would like to thank the engineering departments for the
enthusiasm shown in sharing technology.
YOU CAN BE A PART OF THE TEAM :
We welcome you to be a part of this technical movement
by sending us your articles or write-up with respect to
technical challenges faced with possible solutions.
Please note that your article will be published under your
name after verification of the Article.
Corporate Office : Magnus Global Tech Private Limited
#874, Raineo House, 1st Floor, Modi Hospital Road, Basaveshwaranagar, Bengaluru -560086.
Ph No: 91-80-42042954, Email : info@magnus-global.com
5 Years of MGT
Magnus Group has proudly &
successfully reigned for 5 years since its
inception, in providing education to over
1000 candidates for various streams like
Piping, Process, Instrumentation,
Structural fields. Magnus has also
provided Staffing & Design Engineering
solutions to our clientele in Industries
like Oil & Gas, Power Plant,
Pharmaceutical, Refineries &
Automotive Fields.
Our motto is to discover professionals
with wide range of skills and techniques,
which will help our clients identify the
right candidates in their selection
process and to create a good platform
for our job seekers in grabbing
opportunities.
Our Vision
To reach a state of excellence by
providing world-class engineering
resources to our Global clients,
providing enormous opportunities to
our job seekers.
Registration :
Get yourself registered to our core
Industrial Job Portal
www.magnuscorejobs.com
Magnus Global Tech Group
Corporate website
www.magnus-global.com
Education
www.edu.magnus-global.com
Job Portal
www.magnuscorejobs.com
Plant Engineering
www.ong.magnus-global.com