Study on multiple attenuation method based on match filterzhenhuarui
常规滤波方法对浅海多次波压制不能取得理想效果. 通过改变模型表面边界条件, 求解波动方程实现多情
景地震数值模拟.利用自由边界条件模拟时获得含海平面强反射多次波地震记录, 而利用吸收边界条件时得到理想
条件下无多次波地震记录.对比分析多次波对有效地震信号的影响得到海平面强反射多次波改变了有效地震信号的
振幅、频率和相位. 利用归一化方法计算得到压制多次波滤波器算子, 并作用于含海平面强反射多次波地震记录. 叠
加地震剖面对比分析表明,归一化滤波器算子较好的压制了地震记录中的多次波, 提高地震资料分辨率. 最后, 根据
多次波产生条件,给出了利用实际区域简化地质模型的地震数值模拟结果计算归一化滤波器算子的方法, 从而利用
该方法压制实际地震数据中多次波.The conventional filtering method can not work well in marineseismic multiple attenuating for shallow water.
Seismic numerical simulationin different conditions was done by solving wave equation and changing the surface
border conditions. Seismic with multiple produced by strong reflectionof seasurfacecan be modeled withfree border
conditions , and seismic without multiplecan be modeled withabsorbing border conditions. That the multiple produce
by strong reflectionof seasurface has changed amplitude, frequency and phase of the effectivereflected wave, canbe
seen after the compare of seismic simulatedindifferent border conditions . Thefiltering operators for attenuating multiple
can be calculated bythe normalized method, and thenthey are worked onthe seismic with multiple . The compares
betweenthe stacked seismic sections showthat the normalized filtering operators work well in attenuating the
seismic multiple, andthe seismic resolutionisi mproved after process . Thereafter, according the conditions affecting
the multiple, the method to calculate normalized filtering operator for real seismic acquired in shallow sea fields is
presented. They can be calculated using seismic si mulated based on the simplified model of real conditions ,in which
the sea water depth, the shots’depthand thereceivers’depth are morei mportant .
Keywords multiple, normalization, wave equation, numerical si mulation, filtering operator
This document discusses the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from sewage sludge on cadmium adsorption in different soils. DOM was collected from a wastewater treatment plant. Soils were mixed with different concentrations of DOM and cadmium nitrate, then shaken and centrifuged. Results showed that DOM can both accelerate and restrain cadmium adsorption depending on soil pH. The effect of DOM also varied between different types and organic carbon levels of soils. More experiments are needed to draw conclusions.
The document discusses the importance of wheat and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for plant growth. It then summarizes the process and measurement items for an experiment on the effect of different concentrations of N and P on two species of wheat. The experiment involves growing the wheat in solutions with varying concentrations of N or P and measuring factors like the plants' N and P content, weight ratios, root characteristics, and trans-membrane potential.
The document summarizes research being conducted on the biodegradation of 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), a common environmental estrogen found in plastics, detergents, and other products. The researcher plans to screen bacteria strains for their ability to degrade 4-t-OP from sewage sludge sampling points. Further experiments will study the biodegradation effects of positive strains under different conditions and identify degradation products, with the goal of evaluating methods for breaking down this harmful compound.
Study on multiple attenuation method based on match filterzhenhuarui
常规滤波方法对浅海多次波压制不能取得理想效果. 通过改变模型表面边界条件, 求解波动方程实现多情
景地震数值模拟.利用自由边界条件模拟时获得含海平面强反射多次波地震记录, 而利用吸收边界条件时得到理想
条件下无多次波地震记录.对比分析多次波对有效地震信号的影响得到海平面强反射多次波改变了有效地震信号的
振幅、频率和相位. 利用归一化方法计算得到压制多次波滤波器算子, 并作用于含海平面强反射多次波地震记录. 叠
加地震剖面对比分析表明,归一化滤波器算子较好的压制了地震记录中的多次波, 提高地震资料分辨率. 最后, 根据
多次波产生条件,给出了利用实际区域简化地质模型的地震数值模拟结果计算归一化滤波器算子的方法, 从而利用
该方法压制实际地震数据中多次波.The conventional filtering method can not work well in marineseismic multiple attenuating for shallow water.
Seismic numerical simulationin different conditions was done by solving wave equation and changing the surface
border conditions. Seismic with multiple produced by strong reflectionof seasurfacecan be modeled withfree border
conditions , and seismic without multiplecan be modeled withabsorbing border conditions. That the multiple produce
by strong reflectionof seasurface has changed amplitude, frequency and phase of the effectivereflected wave, canbe
seen after the compare of seismic simulatedindifferent border conditions . Thefiltering operators for attenuating multiple
can be calculated bythe normalized method, and thenthey are worked onthe seismic with multiple . The compares
betweenthe stacked seismic sections showthat the normalized filtering operators work well in attenuating the
seismic multiple, andthe seismic resolutionisi mproved after process . Thereafter, according the conditions affecting
the multiple, the method to calculate normalized filtering operator for real seismic acquired in shallow sea fields is
presented. They can be calculated using seismic si mulated based on the simplified model of real conditions ,in which
the sea water depth, the shots’depthand thereceivers’depth are morei mportant .
Keywords multiple, normalization, wave equation, numerical si mulation, filtering operator
This document discusses the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from sewage sludge on cadmium adsorption in different soils. DOM was collected from a wastewater treatment plant. Soils were mixed with different concentrations of DOM and cadmium nitrate, then shaken and centrifuged. Results showed that DOM can both accelerate and restrain cadmium adsorption depending on soil pH. The effect of DOM also varied between different types and organic carbon levels of soils. More experiments are needed to draw conclusions.
The document discusses the importance of wheat and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for plant growth. It then summarizes the process and measurement items for an experiment on the effect of different concentrations of N and P on two species of wheat. The experiment involves growing the wheat in solutions with varying concentrations of N or P and measuring factors like the plants' N and P content, weight ratios, root characteristics, and trans-membrane potential.
The document summarizes research being conducted on the biodegradation of 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), a common environmental estrogen found in plastics, detergents, and other products. The researcher plans to screen bacteria strains for their ability to degrade 4-t-OP from sewage sludge sampling points. Further experiments will study the biodegradation effects of positive strains under different conditions and identify degradation products, with the goal of evaluating methods for breaking down this harmful compound.
The document discusses biodegradation of polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from sewage sludge. It first provides background on polyacrylamide and issues with its degradation. It then outlines the research methods, which will involve screening and separating strains from activated sludge that can degrade polyacrylamide at different concentrations over time. The expected results are to isolate some bacteria strains from sludge that can efficiently degrade polyacrylamide.
The document discusses the causes and effects of eutrophication in water bodies and outlines a student's experimental plan to study phosphorus levels in different water columns and sediments. The student aims to identify the main forms of phosphorus in different water layers and sediments and determine how they relate to eutrophication. Experiments will measure total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, and dissolved unreactive phosphorus in samples. Results will help understand how phosphorus release from sediments impacts algal blooms.
The document summarizes an experiment to study the growth of two types of duckweed - Lemna perpusilla and Spirodela oligorrhiza - under different ratios of ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources. The experiment involves growing the duckweed in solutions with varying percentages of ammonium to nitrate over multiple time periods to observe their growth and ability to utilize different nitrogen forms. The expected result is that the experiment will demonstrate the duckweed's capacity to remove ammonium from water.
The document describes an experiment to test the uptake of heavy metals in sorghum sudanense plants grown in mudflat soil mixed with different proportions of sewage sludge. Sorghum sudanense is a salt and drought tolerant grass species native to Africa. The experiment will mix mudflat soil with 0-20% sewage sludge and plant sorghum sudanense. Upon ripening, the plants will be tested for heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results will show whether heavy metal content in the plants meets requirements for plant growth.
The document summarizes a study on the effects of a solution extracted from vermicompost on plant growth. Key findings from the study include:
1) A solution was extracted from vermicompost using a 1:1 ratio of vermicompost to distilled water and tested in hydroponic cultures of maize seedlings, capsicum seedlings, and Brassica pekinensis.
2) Plants treated with the extracted solution (E) showed increased chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, fresh and dry root-shoot ratios compared to plants given only a nutrient solution (N).
3) Root system analysis found that plants given the extracted solution had longer roots, larger root surface area and
The document summarizes a study that assessed different aeration to non-aeration time ratios in reactors treating wastewater with high ammonia levels. Nitrifying bacteria populations were monitored using molecular methods like FISH and slot-blot hybridization. Results showed that longer non-aerated periods selected for Nitrospira over Nitrobacter. Measured nitrifier levels were sometimes lower than predicted by modeling, possibly due to undetected novel ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution of soil in China. It covers the definition of heavy metals, the current state of soil heavy metal pollution, characteristics of heavy metal pollution including persistence and bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition, wastewater, waste and agricultural chemicals, hazards of heavy metal pollution to soil resources, human health and agriculture, methods to control pollution including engineering, biological and chemical approaches, and agricultural and ecological restoration methods to remediate contaminated soil.
1) The document discusses factors that affect the phosphorus absorbing efficiency of different duckweed genotypes, including light intensity, temperature, pH, and phosphorus concentration.
2) An experiment was conducted comparing three duckweed genotypes: Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela oligorrhiza, and Spirodela polyrrhiza. S. oligorrhiza had the highest phosphorus uptake rate despite a slower growth rate.
3) The results indicate that Spirodela genotypes are better suited than Lemna for removing phosphorus from wastewater, especially in conditions with higher phosphorus concentrations, making them a good candidate for wastewater treatment.
The document discusses biodegradation of polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from sewage sludge. It first provides background on polyacrylamide and issues with its degradation. It then outlines the research methods, which will involve screening and separating strains from activated sludge that can degrade polyacrylamide at different concentrations over time. The expected results are to isolate some bacteria strains from sludge that can efficiently degrade polyacrylamide.
The document discusses the causes and effects of eutrophication in water bodies and outlines a student's experimental plan to study phosphorus levels in different water columns and sediments. The student aims to identify the main forms of phosphorus in different water layers and sediments and determine how they relate to eutrophication. Experiments will measure total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, and dissolved unreactive phosphorus in samples. Results will help understand how phosphorus release from sediments impacts algal blooms.
The document summarizes an experiment to study the growth of two types of duckweed - Lemna perpusilla and Spirodela oligorrhiza - under different ratios of ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources. The experiment involves growing the duckweed in solutions with varying percentages of ammonium to nitrate over multiple time periods to observe their growth and ability to utilize different nitrogen forms. The expected result is that the experiment will demonstrate the duckweed's capacity to remove ammonium from water.
The document describes an experiment to test the uptake of heavy metals in sorghum sudanense plants grown in mudflat soil mixed with different proportions of sewage sludge. Sorghum sudanense is a salt and drought tolerant grass species native to Africa. The experiment will mix mudflat soil with 0-20% sewage sludge and plant sorghum sudanense. Upon ripening, the plants will be tested for heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results will show whether heavy metal content in the plants meets requirements for plant growth.
The document summarizes a study on the effects of a solution extracted from vermicompost on plant growth. Key findings from the study include:
1) A solution was extracted from vermicompost using a 1:1 ratio of vermicompost to distilled water and tested in hydroponic cultures of maize seedlings, capsicum seedlings, and Brassica pekinensis.
2) Plants treated with the extracted solution (E) showed increased chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, fresh and dry root-shoot ratios compared to plants given only a nutrient solution (N).
3) Root system analysis found that plants given the extracted solution had longer roots, larger root surface area and
The document summarizes a study that assessed different aeration to non-aeration time ratios in reactors treating wastewater with high ammonia levels. Nitrifying bacteria populations were monitored using molecular methods like FISH and slot-blot hybridization. Results showed that longer non-aerated periods selected for Nitrospira over Nitrobacter. Measured nitrifier levels were sometimes lower than predicted by modeling, possibly due to undetected novel ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution of soil in China. It covers the definition of heavy metals, the current state of soil heavy metal pollution, characteristics of heavy metal pollution including persistence and bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition, wastewater, waste and agricultural chemicals, hazards of heavy metal pollution to soil resources, human health and agriculture, methods to control pollution including engineering, biological and chemical approaches, and agricultural and ecological restoration methods to remediate contaminated soil.
1) The document discusses factors that affect the phosphorus absorbing efficiency of different duckweed genotypes, including light intensity, temperature, pH, and phosphorus concentration.
2) An experiment was conducted comparing three duckweed genotypes: Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela oligorrhiza, and Spirodela polyrrhiza. S. oligorrhiza had the highest phosphorus uptake rate despite a slower growth rate.
3) The results indicate that Spirodela genotypes are better suited than Lemna for removing phosphorus from wastewater, especially in conditions with higher phosphorus concentrations, making them a good candidate for wastewater treatment.