The document summarizes a study that assessed different aeration to non-aeration time ratios in reactors treating wastewater with high ammonia levels. Nitrifying bacteria populations were monitored using molecular methods like FISH and slot-blot hybridization. Results showed that longer non-aerated periods selected for Nitrospira over Nitrobacter. Measured nitrifier levels were sometimes lower than predicted by modeling, possibly due to undetected novel ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
The document summarizes an experiment to study the growth of two types of duckweed - Lemna perpusilla and Spirodela oligorrhiza - under different ratios of ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources. The experiment involves growing the duckweed in solutions with varying percentages of ammonium to nitrate over multiple time periods to observe their growth and ability to utilize different nitrogen forms. The expected result is that the experiment will demonstrate the duckweed's capacity to remove ammonium from water.
ECOFERM, the circular farm produces algae and duckweed from manure, CO2 and heat to feed veal calves. The concept is described and first results are presented.
The document discusses the causes and effects of eutrophication in water bodies and outlines a student's experimental plan to study phosphorus levels in different water columns and sediments. The student aims to identify the main forms of phosphorus in different water layers and sediments and determine how they relate to eutrophication. Experiments will measure total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, and dissolved unreactive phosphorus in samples. Results will help understand how phosphorus release from sediments impacts algal blooms.
The document summarizes the use of duckweed for wastewater treatment. It describes how duckweed ponds were first utilized in Asia in the 1950s and have since been implemented in countries like India and Bangladesh. In Punjab, India, a pilot duckweed project was initiated in 2001 to treat village pond water. Duckweed is then described botanically and its suitability for wastewater treatment explained. Two basic pond designs - plug flow and batch systems - are outlined. The document details a specific duckweed project in Fatehgarh Sahib, India and shows its high treatment efficiency in removing pollutants like BOD, ammonia, and phosphorus from wastewater. Advantages of duckweed treatment include its
Duckweed is the smallest flowering plant in the world. It is an aquatic plant often found in fresh water or wetlands in most parts of the world that do not freeze too frequently. Floating on or just below the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of water, many around the world perceive it as a pest, claiming it “clogs up lakes or ponds”.
Lemnaceae, Feed, Fuel, and Fertilizer discusses how duckweed has the potential to help solve urgent problems in society due to its rapid growth and ability to remediate wastewater while producing biomass. It notes that duckweed can remove pollutants from wastewater and be used as animal feed or fuel. The document outlines several current projects and researchers working with duckweed applications around the world, including a city park project in Lima, Peru using duckweed ponds for wastewater treatment and biomass production.
The document summarizes a study that assessed different aeration to non-aeration time ratios in reactors treating wastewater with high ammonia levels. Nitrifying bacteria populations were monitored using molecular methods like FISH and slot-blot hybridization. Results showed that longer non-aerated periods selected for Nitrospira over Nitrobacter. Measured nitrifier levels were sometimes lower than predicted by modeling, possibly due to undetected novel ammonia-oxidizing bacteria.
The document summarizes an experiment to study the growth of two types of duckweed - Lemna perpusilla and Spirodela oligorrhiza - under different ratios of ammonium and nitrate as nitrogen sources. The experiment involves growing the duckweed in solutions with varying percentages of ammonium to nitrate over multiple time periods to observe their growth and ability to utilize different nitrogen forms. The expected result is that the experiment will demonstrate the duckweed's capacity to remove ammonium from water.
ECOFERM, the circular farm produces algae and duckweed from manure, CO2 and heat to feed veal calves. The concept is described and first results are presented.
The document discusses the causes and effects of eutrophication in water bodies and outlines a student's experimental plan to study phosphorus levels in different water columns and sediments. The student aims to identify the main forms of phosphorus in different water layers and sediments and determine how they relate to eutrophication. Experiments will measure total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, dissolved inorganic phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, and dissolved unreactive phosphorus in samples. Results will help understand how phosphorus release from sediments impacts algal blooms.
The document summarizes the use of duckweed for wastewater treatment. It describes how duckweed ponds were first utilized in Asia in the 1950s and have since been implemented in countries like India and Bangladesh. In Punjab, India, a pilot duckweed project was initiated in 2001 to treat village pond water. Duckweed is then described botanically and its suitability for wastewater treatment explained. Two basic pond designs - plug flow and batch systems - are outlined. The document details a specific duckweed project in Fatehgarh Sahib, India and shows its high treatment efficiency in removing pollutants like BOD, ammonia, and phosphorus from wastewater. Advantages of duckweed treatment include its
Duckweed is the smallest flowering plant in the world. It is an aquatic plant often found in fresh water or wetlands in most parts of the world that do not freeze too frequently. Floating on or just below the surface of still or slow-moving bodies of water, many around the world perceive it as a pest, claiming it “clogs up lakes or ponds”.
Lemnaceae, Feed, Fuel, and Fertilizer discusses how duckweed has the potential to help solve urgent problems in society due to its rapid growth and ability to remediate wastewater while producing biomass. It notes that duckweed can remove pollutants from wastewater and be used as animal feed or fuel. The document outlines several current projects and researchers working with duckweed applications around the world, including a city park project in Lima, Peru using duckweed ponds for wastewater treatment and biomass production.
The document discusses biodegradation of polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from sewage sludge. It first provides background on polyacrylamide and issues with its degradation. It then outlines the research methods, which will involve screening and separating strains from activated sludge that can degrade polyacrylamide at different concentrations over time. The expected results are to isolate some bacteria strains from sludge that can efficiently degrade polyacrylamide.
The document describes an experiment to test the uptake of heavy metals in sorghum sudanense plants grown in mudflat soil mixed with different proportions of sewage sludge. Sorghum sudanense is a salt and drought tolerant grass species native to Africa. The experiment will mix mudflat soil with 0-20% sewage sludge and plant sorghum sudanense. Upon ripening, the plants will be tested for heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results will show whether heavy metal content in the plants meets requirements for plant growth.
The document summarizes research being conducted on the biodegradation of 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), a common environmental estrogen found in plastics, detergents, and other products. The researcher plans to screen bacteria strains for their ability to degrade 4-t-OP from sewage sludge sampling points. Further experiments will study the biodegradation effects of positive strains under different conditions and identify degradation products, with the goal of evaluating methods for breaking down this harmful compound.
The document summarizes a study on the effects of a solution extracted from vermicompost on plant growth. Key findings from the study include:
1) A solution was extracted from vermicompost using a 1:1 ratio of vermicompost to distilled water and tested in hydroponic cultures of maize seedlings, capsicum seedlings, and Brassica pekinensis.
2) Plants treated with the extracted solution (E) showed increased chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, fresh and dry root-shoot ratios compared to plants given only a nutrient solution (N).
3) Root system analysis found that plants given the extracted solution had longer roots, larger root surface area and
The document discusses the importance of wheat and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for plant growth. It then summarizes the process and measurement items for an experiment on the effect of different concentrations of N and P on two species of wheat. The experiment involves growing the wheat in solutions with varying concentrations of N or P and measuring factors like the plants' N and P content, weight ratios, root characteristics, and trans-membrane potential.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution of soil in China. It covers the definition of heavy metals, the current state of soil heavy metal pollution, characteristics of heavy metal pollution including persistence and bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition, wastewater, waste and agricultural chemicals, hazards of heavy metal pollution to soil resources, human health and agriculture, methods to control pollution including engineering, biological and chemical approaches, and agricultural and ecological restoration methods to remediate contaminated soil.
1) The document discusses factors that affect the phosphorus absorbing efficiency of different duckweed genotypes, including light intensity, temperature, pH, and phosphorus concentration.
2) An experiment was conducted comparing three duckweed genotypes: Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela oligorrhiza, and Spirodela polyrrhiza. S. oligorrhiza had the highest phosphorus uptake rate despite a slower growth rate.
3) The results indicate that Spirodela genotypes are better suited than Lemna for removing phosphorus from wastewater, especially in conditions with higher phosphorus concentrations, making them a good candidate for wastewater treatment.
This document discusses the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from sewage sludge on cadmium adsorption in different soils. DOM was collected from a wastewater treatment plant. Soils were mixed with different concentrations of DOM and cadmium nitrate, then shaken and centrifuged. Results showed that DOM can both accelerate and restrain cadmium adsorption depending on soil pH. The effect of DOM also varied between different types and organic carbon levels of soils. More experiments are needed to draw conclusions.
The document discusses biodegradation of polyacrylamide by bacteria isolated from sewage sludge. It first provides background on polyacrylamide and issues with its degradation. It then outlines the research methods, which will involve screening and separating strains from activated sludge that can degrade polyacrylamide at different concentrations over time. The expected results are to isolate some bacteria strains from sludge that can efficiently degrade polyacrylamide.
The document describes an experiment to test the uptake of heavy metals in sorghum sudanense plants grown in mudflat soil mixed with different proportions of sewage sludge. Sorghum sudanense is a salt and drought tolerant grass species native to Africa. The experiment will mix mudflat soil with 0-20% sewage sludge and plant sorghum sudanense. Upon ripening, the plants will be tested for heavy metals like cadmium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results will show whether heavy metal content in the plants meets requirements for plant growth.
The document summarizes research being conducted on the biodegradation of 4-t-octylphenol (4-t-OP), a common environmental estrogen found in plastics, detergents, and other products. The researcher plans to screen bacteria strains for their ability to degrade 4-t-OP from sewage sludge sampling points. Further experiments will study the biodegradation effects of positive strains under different conditions and identify degradation products, with the goal of evaluating methods for breaking down this harmful compound.
The document summarizes a study on the effects of a solution extracted from vermicompost on plant growth. Key findings from the study include:
1) A solution was extracted from vermicompost using a 1:1 ratio of vermicompost to distilled water and tested in hydroponic cultures of maize seedlings, capsicum seedlings, and Brassica pekinensis.
2) Plants treated with the extracted solution (E) showed increased chlorophyll content, nutrient uptake, fresh and dry root-shoot ratios compared to plants given only a nutrient solution (N).
3) Root system analysis found that plants given the extracted solution had longer roots, larger root surface area and
The document discusses the importance of wheat and nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) for plant growth. It then summarizes the process and measurement items for an experiment on the effect of different concentrations of N and P on two species of wheat. The experiment involves growing the wheat in solutions with varying concentrations of N or P and measuring factors like the plants' N and P content, weight ratios, root characteristics, and trans-membrane potential.
This document discusses heavy metal pollution of soil in China. It covers the definition of heavy metals, the current state of soil heavy metal pollution, characteristics of heavy metal pollution including persistence and bioaccumulation, sources of heavy metal pollution from atmospheric deposition, wastewater, waste and agricultural chemicals, hazards of heavy metal pollution to soil resources, human health and agriculture, methods to control pollution including engineering, biological and chemical approaches, and agricultural and ecological restoration methods to remediate contaminated soil.
1) The document discusses factors that affect the phosphorus absorbing efficiency of different duckweed genotypes, including light intensity, temperature, pH, and phosphorus concentration.
2) An experiment was conducted comparing three duckweed genotypes: Lemna aequinoctialis, Spirodela oligorrhiza, and Spirodela polyrrhiza. S. oligorrhiza had the highest phosphorus uptake rate despite a slower growth rate.
3) The results indicate that Spirodela genotypes are better suited than Lemna for removing phosphorus from wastewater, especially in conditions with higher phosphorus concentrations, making them a good candidate for wastewater treatment.
This document discusses the effect of dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from sewage sludge on cadmium adsorption in different soils. DOM was collected from a wastewater treatment plant. Soils were mixed with different concentrations of DOM and cadmium nitrate, then shaken and centrifuged. Results showed that DOM can both accelerate and restrain cadmium adsorption depending on soil pH. The effect of DOM also varied between different types and organic carbon levels of soils. More experiments are needed to draw conclusions.