Tutankhamun was an Egyptian pharaoh who ruled during the 18th dynasty. He ascended to the throne as a boy after the death of his father Akhenaten. When Howard Carter discovered Tutankhamun's intact tomb in 1922, it contained a wealth of treasures. However, there is speculation that Carter found controversial papyrus documents in the tomb that could have rewritten biblical history, but that he never made them public. The documents' contents and their disappearance have remained mysterious. Tutankhamun's tomb continues to provide insights into ancient Egyptian culture and religious practices.

1. Faculty of tourismand hotel Helwan university
Grade one :English tourism section
DR:Mona Raafat
Research about : Tutankhamun
Names : [ Ahmed Emad _Karim Adel_Mohamed Ezz_Moustafa ]
Tutankhamun - The Boy King
Updated: 4 October 2008
When Howard Carter and Lord
Caernarfon opened up the Tomb
of Tutankhamun, they opened up
the beginnings of a mystery that is
still not 100% resolved today. But
scientists have at least identified
the cause of the Curse of
Tutankhamun's deaths. Bacteria
growing on the bodies of the
mummies, when touched, were
extremely poisonous, and caused
the deaths of recipients with
pneumonia like symptoms. This
bacteria, when heated, reactivated
and began to multiply again after
3000 odd years entombed. This
bacteria was also coating the
objects inside the tomb. The big
question is - Did the Egyptians,
who had a massive knowledge of
plants that could heal and plants
Death Mask of Pharaoh that could kill, deliberately coat the
Tutankhamun artefacts, knowing it would activate

2. in the future? Hence the reason for
the Curse Warnings. Or are these
curse warnings lost in translation -
are they really Biological Warning
Notices? Well, stranger things
happen!
In Poland a Kings grave was opened up by 14 scientists. It had been
sealed for 500 years. Inside they found a sword, sceptre and a
crown. These they handled without protective clothing, as well as
touching the mummy. Pope John, then Cardinal, resealed the
tomb. Soon 12 of the 14 scientists were dead. Stories of a curse
rebounded around Poland. The "truth" was exactly the same as in Egypt
- the same bacteria was found on the body of the dead King.
Tutankhamun's body had started decomposition BEFORE mummification.
During investigations into the finding of a complete mummy in Egypt,
scientists found exactly the same bacteria on the body, concentrated
around the ears. These scientists wore masks and gloves and nothing
happened to any of them! What this does not explain are the
"coincidences" surrounding the death of Lord Caernarfon in Cairo. At the
same time of his death, all the lights of Cairo went out. Not unusual you
may say - but consider this, Cairo is split into four electrical districts, N S
E and W. None of which are connected in any way, or where not at the
time. But all 4 districts were shorted out at exactly the same
instant! Also, back home in England, on Lord Caernarfon's estate, the
family dog, at precisely the same time, sat up, howled into the night air,
frothed at the mouth, and fell over completely dead! Bacteria or not, still
it makes you wonder..................
Tutankhamun lived over 3,300 years ago in 18 dynasy during the period
known as the New Kingdom. For two centuries, Egypt had ruled as a
world superpower, while its Royal family lived the opulent lifestyle. The
powerful priesthood of the god Amun had controlled vast temples and
estates. All that changed during the reign of Amenhotep IV when he
renounced the multitude of gods worshipped by the Egyptians and
abolished the priesthood of Amun. Amenhotep established a new order to
worship the sun god Aten and changed his own name to Akhenaten,
meaning "servant of the Aten." A new capital was established well to the
north of Thebes (modern Luxor) the home of the main temples of Amun.
His new city was named Akhetaten, meaning "Horizon of the Aten."
It was here that Akhenaten (left) ruled with
his chief wife, Nefertiti, who bore him six
daughters, but no son to carry on as
Pharaoh. It is now believed that Akhenaten
and a lesser wife named Kiya were the
parents of Tutankhaten, as Tutankhamun
was known at first. He would have spent
most of his early years in the palaces of
Akhetaten, being tutored in many skills,
including reading and writing. Much is
uncertain about this period and, in time,
both Nefertiti's and Kiya's names ceased to
appear in written records. A shadowy
figure emerged by the name of
Smenkhkare - he may have been a brother
of the king and briefly ruled alongside him.
In any case, soon after the deaths of
Akhenaten and Smenkhkare, Tutankhaten
became a Boy King at the age of about

3. nine. He married a slightly older
Ankhesenpaaten (below), one of the
daughters of Akhenaten and Nefertiti.
Soon their names were changed to
Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamun to
reflect the return to favour of the
Amun hierarchy and the ousting of
the Aten power base. The temples of
Amun were restored. At such a
young age, Tutankhamun would not
have been responsible for the real
decision making. This would have
been handled by two high officials
called Ay (possibly the father of
Nefertiti) and Horemheb,
commander-in-chief of the army.
Sometime around the ninth year of
Tutankhamun's reign, possibly 1325
B.C., he died. There is evidence of
an injury to the skull that had time to
partly heal. He may have suffered an
accident, such as falling from his
horse-drawn chariot, or perhaps he
was murdered. No one knows. Ay
oversaw Tutankhamun's burial
arrangements which lasted 70 days.
April 4 2003. A TV Discovery
Documentary saw two former FBI Meanwhile, Ankhesenamun was left
agents, now senior policemen, in a dilemma - there was no heir to
investigate the death of the throne. (Two stillborn female
Tutankhamun quite thoroughly foetuses were found in the tomb). In
with forensic and x-ray evidence. desperation she wrote to
Their conclusion: Tutankhamun Suppiluliumas I, king of the Hittites,
was murdered by a scheming asking him to send one of his sons
double dealing Prime Minister to marry her and become Pharaoh.
called Ay, who married and quite Being an enemy of Egypt, the Hittite
possibly murdered Tutankhamun's king suspected a trick and sent an
widow in order to further his own envoy to check. The widow's
lust for power. Tutankhamun was situation was confirmed and he then
coming of age and this worried Ay, sent a son who was murdered at the
who had been ruling in the boy's border - probably by agents sent by
name for the past 10 years. Ay General Horemheb.
ruled only 4 years to be replaced
by Tutankhamen's General, The ageing Ay became Pharaoh and
Horemheb. Of Queen took Ankhesenamun as his queen to
Ankhsenamun - no trace has been legitimise his rule. What happened
found. Another theory is mentioned to her after that is not known. Ay
at the base of the text. ruled for only four years and after
his death Horemheb grabbed power.
He soon obliterated evidence of the
reigns of Akhenaten, Tutankhamun
and Ay and substituted his own
name on many monuments.
The name "Tutankhamun" is derived from the hieroglyphs which translate as Tut-ankh-
amun meaning the "Living Image of Amun." Today, many people refer to him as Tut.
When Tut was born, he was given the name Tutankhaten meaning the "Living Image of

4. the Aten" the Aten was the single god worshipped during the rule Akhenaten, the
heretic king who is believed to have been the father of Tutankhamun. Not long after
Tutankhaten became Pharaoh, there was a restoration of the previously deposed state
god Amun and Tut's name was changed to Tutankhamun. These days, Tut's name is
found with differing spellings, including Tutankhamun, Tutankhamen and
Tutankhamon. In reality, we cannot be sure how the ancient Egyptians pronounced the
name as they did not write vowels. (Some hieroglyphs are transliterated as vowels,
since they are weak consonants). Egyptologists add vowels to assist in
communicating information.
The most
famous Egyptian
pharaoh today
is, without
doubt,
Tutankhamun.
The boy king
died in his late
teens and
remained at rest
in Egypt's Valley
of the Kings for
over 3,300 years.
All that changed
in November
1922, when
Tutankhamun's
tomb was
discovered by
the British
Egyptologist
Howard Carter
who was
excavating on
behalf of his
patron Lord
Caernarfon. His
tomb almost
escaped
discovery and
could have been
undiscovered to
this day.
The tomb itself is very small and
Carter had been searching for the
appears to have been destined for
tomb for a number of years and someone of lesser importance.
Caernarfon had decided that enough Tutankhamun's unexpected early
time and money had been expended demise saw the tomb's rushed
with little return. However, Carter modification to accommodate the
managed to persuade his patron to pharaoh. The only part of the
fund one more season and within complex that contains wall paintings
days of resuming the tomb was is the Burial Chamber. One of the
found. Today, the tomb still contains scenes, shown below, depicts the
the pharaoh's remains, hidden from Opening of the Mouth Ceremony
view inside the outermost of three where the senses are restored to the
coffins. He is the only pharaoh still deceased Tutankhamun. In this case
residing in the Valley of the Kings - the person performing this duty is
as far as we know! Ay, who became the next Pharaoh.

5. It contained four gilded shrines nested one inside the other. The innermost of these
covered a stone sarcophagus. Inside that were three coffins - the innermost being
made of 110 kilograms of solid gold. Inside that lay the pharaoh himself wearing the
famous gold mask.

6. Adjacent to the Burial Chamber was the so-called Treasury which was
home to much of the supporting equipment for Tutankhamun's afterlife. It
contained a dazzling array of boats, gilded figures and the canopic chest
within which were various internal organs belonging to the ancient king.
Gathered around the chest in their protective stance were four beautiful
gilded figures of goddesses. Just inside the entrance to the room was the
protective black figure of Anubis in the form of a recumbent jackal. The
Antechamber contained dismantled chariots, containers of food, various
funeral couches, thrones, and two black guardian figures at the entrance of
the Burial Chamber. It was this area that was first seen when Carter made a
hole in the blocked-off far end of the entry passage. A small Annex was a
jumble of other equipment.
Carter concluded that the tomb had been broken into on two occasions
soon after the pharaoh was buried. After each break-in the tomb was
resealed by officials of the necropolis. Fortunately, the tomb robbers did
not get away with too much and much of the material sealed in with
Tutankhamun may now be viewed in Cairo's Egyptian Museum with a few
items in the Luxor Museum.
August 2002. Startling evidence has come to light about a possible cover
up regarding artefacts found in the tomb. Howard Carter was never patient,
frequently quick tempered. In the spring of 1924, 18 months after the
discovery of the tomb. All work had been brought to a halt. Egyptian
officialdom bombarded Carter to distraction with petty rules and
restrictions. Open war was announced when they announced that they
were laying claim in total to the priceless relics Carter had found. Strict
limits were placed on the number of foreigners allowed to enter the tomb
whilst, at the same time, hordes of local dignitaries flooded in and out of
the tomb - without a care for the priceless and irreplaceable items strewn
about them.
Cater ordered his men, effectively, to strike! Permission to explore the site
was revoked. Seething with anger Carter confronted officials at the British
Consulate in Cairo. Heated words were exchanged - then Carter made an
extraordinary threat - Unless he got what he wanted he would publish, for
the whole world to read, a set of ancient papyrus documents he had found
in the tomb. These gave the "true account of the Exodus of the Jews from
Egypt"!! To modern ears the full implications may be unclear but, as we
shall see, Carter was threatening truly explosive disclosures - ancient
documents that would do nothing less than re-write the history of Judaism
and Christianity. The British official realised what he was up to. This was
at the same time as tensions were rising over plans to establish a Jewish
homeland in the Middle East. What Carter was suggesting would throw the
Middle East into turmoil. The official was so incensed he hurled an ink well
at Carter, who ducked just in time! The inkwell exploded against the wall

7. so much so that the room had to be redecorated!
Carter suddenly found that he had vigorous support from the British in his
fight to regain control. He was soon placed back in charge and continued
his work for another 7 years. In return for this he never mentioned the
documents again. History deemed that Carter's threat was an idle one - but
it was no invention, and the secrets he may have stumbled upon
completely overturn key elements of the Bible. The implications are
enormous - forcing us to ask whether the person we call Moses was in fact
a renegade Egyptian priest and whether Christianity has its roots begun by
a religious revolution begun by a heretical pharaoh.
The contents of these papyrus documents are so contentious that if they
had been made public, may well have changed the course of the 20th
Century completely. The missing papyri have been the subject of
speculation ever since his tomb was opened. Lord Caernarfon mentioned
their discovery in 2 letters to friends. A report in The Times also mentioned
their existence. The author was extremely close to Carter having exclusive
rights to the story unfolding. Carter cabled a distinguished philologist, Sir
Alan Gardiner, asking for his help in translating the contents. He
expressed "particular interest" in the papyri and suggested that they may
throw some light on religion in the times of the boy king.
It is odd that, later, the official story changed and everyone began insisting
that these documents never existed!! Carter alleged that the find was in
fact "loin cloths" - the boy kings "underwear"!! And that poor light made
for the misunderstanding. Amusing it may be but can we believe it? Too
many people saw these documents for themselves before they
"disappeared". And an astounding "blunder" for someone of Carter's
standing. Lord Caernarfon himself states that, on their first entry into the
room, it was fully illuminated by electric light. Someone is clearly lying
through their teeth?
Looking a little closer at this discovery, the official version has Carter
uncovering a secret sunken staircase in the Valley of the Kings. Then
penetrating a doorway sealed with the jackal emblem of Egyptian royalty,
then clearing a rubble strewn corridor leading to another doorway. Making
a small hole, he peers through this doorway to reveal strange animals,
statues and gold, everywhere the glint of gold. With him were Lord
Caernarfon and his daughter Lady Evelyn. They both take their turn to look
and that is all they did. Requiring permission to remove the door and enter,
then reseal the hole, the next day, November 27th 1922, to open in front of
onlooking officials. This sounds all very right and correct but it is not what
happened!
Curiosity got the better of Carter and his associates - they entered the ante
room on first discovery and THEN resealed the hole. To play act the
"official opening" the next day. There is also undisputable evidence that
this party breached the doorway of another ante room the same day and
entered the Kings burial chamber. This was 3 months before the "official
opening" of the burial chamber. He concealed the hole that he had made by
erecting a wooden platform over the floor level hole he had crawled
through. Who revealed all this? The Lady Evelyn to another member of her
family. This was then recorded in his diary and gave a description of how
Carter, in front of dignitaries, was "nervous, poor old fellow, like a naughty
schoolboy, fearing that his hole would be discovered". He also had a copy
made of the royal seal which covered the door, to replace the one removed

8. upon his illicit entry.
He passed off the fake as the work of grave robbers, repairs done by the
ancient Egyptians themselves. Such evidence alone should make us
wonder if Carter and Carnarfon pocketed a sizable amount themselves
before resealing the doorway. This apparently DID happen. Treasures later
revealed in their personal collections leave us in no doubt. The tomb WAS
robbed, but very soon after sealing it up. Tutankhamun's Finance Minister
had it repaired and he personally destroyed all records of the tomb's
whereabouts which quite probably accounts for its undisturbed state for so
long. I wonder if the priests of Amun had anything to do with the robbery?
Outside the Palace, they were the richest people in the land.
So what did the missing papyrus contain that made them so dangerous if
revealed? Their apparent subject matter, The Exodus, is one of the most
important stories of the bible. According to the bible, the Hebrews arrived
in Egypt from Canaan. Their leader in Egypt was Joseph who had been sold
into slavery by his brothers, only to become a power in the court due to his
ability to interpret dreams. However, the Jews multiplied so swiftly the
Egyptians saw them as a threat and forced them into slavery. All male
children were ordered to be slain in order to keep their population down but
one child escaped. His name was Moses, brought up as an Egyptian and
became a mighty general in the Pharaoh's army before fleeing after
murdering an Egyptian who had beaten up a Jew.
For 40 years he lived in the wilderness where "god" appeared to him as a
burning bush, charging him to lead the people out of Egypt "unto a land
flowing with milk and honey". Moses demanded the release of his people
on his return to Egypt and when this was refused, devastating plagues
were brought down on the country until the Pharaoh relented, allowing
them to leave. Thus - The Exodus. This is how it happened according to the
bible. By the time that Carter threatened to reveal the documents, orthodox
thinking was already beginning to question this version. Arthur Weigall, a
leading Egyptologist, was an expert on Tuktankhamun's half brother and
predecessor Akhenaten. He was one of those who questioned the biblical
"Exodus".
Akhenaten was the husband of the beautiful Queen Nefertiti. He was
famous for having broken away from the traditional multi-god society that
had been practised for about 2000 years and installed a single God - the
"Aten" an all powerful force symbolised by the heat of the suns rays. This
lasted only about 12 years before Tutankhamun gained the throne and the
old order was gradually restored. Arthur Weigall uncovered remarkable
similarities between Psalm 104 and an "ode" to Ra, composed by
Akhenaten himself. In his opinion, Psalm 104 was a copy of the ode itself.
Indeed, the ode was written before Moses allegedly wrote Psalm 104. He
also argued that it was during the reign of Tutankhamun that the Exodus
actually took place. 20 years later Sigmund Freud would express the same
theory in two major papers. Evidence to back this also comes from the
hebrew word for Lord - Adonai or Adon, becomes Aten, the name of the
sun, when written in Egyptian. These were set out by Arthur Weigall in a
book published a few months before Carter's declaration before the
Consulate. Carter did read it, but the men were such bitter rivals that
Carter may have paid no heed to these theories. But Carter was convinced
that the exodus took place BEFORE the closure of the boy kings tomb,
otherwise how could he claim that the documents revealed the true story of
the Exodus. Weigall's theory also fits the likely facts about the collapse of
Akhenaten's religious revolution. It is known that these priests and
converts did not simply disappear when the boy king took the throne, they

9. became social lepers and outcasts. This is relevant in that a story not
unlike The Exodus, the ancient Egyptian Manetho, writing about 250BC,
recorded how one pharaoh had expelled "lepers" and "impure people" from
Egypt. These so called lepers included some of the learned priests; one of
whom, Osarsiph, ordered the people not to follow the Egyptian gods and to
follow their own laws instead.
Later, according to Manetho, Osarsiph changed his name - to
Moses. Rather than being anti semetic, Manetho was referring to these
"lepers" as being - in the eyes of the opponent - holding with heretical
beliefs. Other writers describe a king, in order to placate his people,
expelling the "unclean" by being forced out of Egypt - led by an Egyptian!
Evidence shows that, during the reign of Tutankhamun, northern Egypt was
in the grip of a plague. It decimated the population and lasted about 20 - 30
years. It is quite plausible to see stories about the killing of Egypt's
firstborn on the night of the Passover as having its roots in this plague.
The people would naturally look for someone to blame, their former King
being particularly handy. To cleanse the land of his pollution they swept
the land of undesirables, along with any other suspicious looking
foreigners and settlers. Having received a warning, these people would
have took it upon themselves to leave forthwith.
If this was the story as told in Carter's papyrus, it would have been easy to
throw the Middle East into turmoil. In the 20s, the local politics were as
tangled as they are today - with the rights of a Jewish homeland at the
middle of the turmoil. Arab opinion was outraged, with riots in Jerusalem
and Jaffa. The whole area was rife for bloody battle and a tinderbox. In
these circumstances, Carter's threat to reveal the truth could hardly have
been more inflammatory. The whole basis of the Zionist claim rested upon
the story of the Exodus and opponents of the Zionist state would have
jumped upon this and seized any hint that it was flawed. After all, if Moses
and his followers were renegade Egyptians, together with this selection of
outcast foreigners - what special claim could they possibly have to a
"homeland" - Israel. Carter was in a position to cause the Zionists serious,
possibly irrevocable, harm. No wonder the British wholeheartedly threw
themselves behind Carter's claims to be reinstated at the site. What
happened to the papyri? Did Carter destroy them or leave them hidden
deep in some Cairo Museum? Are they lying in a draw, hidden beneath
some relatively insignificant papyri? By the evidence of Lord Caernarfon's
own letters, it is clearly apparent that he was privy to the existence of the
papyri, was he also aware of their contents. Some have blamed his
untimely death on the Curse - but the truth may be even stranger? Now, in
2007, we have a glut of so called "conspiracy theories" on everything from
Adam & Eve to the source of the bullet that killed X, Y or Z. I am not one of
these people who delight in so called conspiracy theories, I just think that
what we are told is not always the truth. Tutankhamun was killed, yes,
posssibly by Ay. But an equally practical theory places Tutankhamun's
death as the result of a chariot accident. We will never really KNOW, will
we? Items are found in tombs that could throw modern beliefs into turmoil
so are hidden away, either by Archaeologists who do not want their own
beliefs questioned or by religious people who do not want the "good life" to
be terminated.