13. Taxonomy
The branch of study that deals with principles
and procedures of identification, classification
and nomenclature of organisms
14. Steps of Modern Taxonomy
Characterisation
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
15. Steps of Modern Taxonomy
Characterisation
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
The organism to be
studied is described for
all its morphological and
other characteristics
16. Steps of Modern Taxonomy
Characterisation
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
Based on the studied
characteristics, the
identification of organism is
carried out to know whether it
is similar to any of the known
group or taxa
17. Steps of Modern Taxonomy
Characterisation
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
Arrangement of organisms
into groups or categories
on the basis of their
affinities or relationships
18. Steps of Modern Taxonomy
Characterisation
Identification
Classification
Nomenclature
Provide distinct and
proper names to
organisms as per the
established universal
practices and rules
19. Systematics
□ Study of the evolutionary relationship
between organisms
□ Important tool for identifying and classifying
newly discovered organisms
Taxonomy, systematics, classification are
often used synonymously but technically
they are not the same.
24. Taxonomic Categories
Kingdom
● Highest category of biological classification
● 5 kingdoms – Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists, Bacteria
Phylum/Division
● Several phyla/divisions make up a kingdom
● Similarity between members of a phylum is more than
members of different kingdoms
Class
● Taxanomic category of related orders
● Several classes together make phylum
25. Taxonomic Categories
Order
● Assemblage of families resembling one another in few
characteristic features
● Several orders make up a class
Family
● Group of related genera; are more similar to each other
than the genera of other families
● Several related families make up an order
26. Taxonomic Categories
Genus
● Group of related species having more common
characters in comparison to the species of other genera
● Several related genera make up a family
Species
● Group of individual organisms with fundamental
similarities
● Lowest taxonomic category
33. Taxonomical Aids
These are various techniques,
procedures and stored information
that are useful in identification and
classification of organisms
Taxonomical
Aids
Botanical
garden
Manual
Flora
Keys
Zoological
parks
Museum
Monograph
Herbarium
34. Herbarium
● Place where dried, pressed, and
preserved plant specimens mounted
on sheets are kept
● Carry a label providing information
about collectors’ collection, English,
local and botanical names, family,
collectors’ names, etc.
● Quick referral systems in taxonomical
studies
35. Botanical Garden
● Specialised gardens with collection of living plants
● Plant species are grown for identification purposes
● Plants are labelled indicating its botanical/scientific
name and its family
Indian botanical garden, Howrah
36. Biological Museum
● Generally set up in educational institutes such
as schools and colleges
● Have collections of preserved plant and
animal specimens for study and reference
● Specimens are preserved in the containers or
jars in preservative solutions.
37. Biological Museum
Plant and animal specimens may also be preserved as dry specimens.
Insects are preserved in insect boxes
after collecting, killing and pinning.
Larger animals like birds and mammals
are usually stuffed and preserved.
38. Zoological Parks
● Wild animals are kept in protected environments under human care.
● Food habits and behaviours of the animals are studied.
39. Key
● A tool that helps to identify an unknown
organism.
● Keys provide two contrasting characteristics
which are called couplets.
● Each statement in the key is called a lead.
● Keys are generally analytical in nature.
44. Living World
Characteristics of
Living Beings
Growth
Development
Responsiveness
Adaptation
Reproduction
Taxonomical
Categories
Kingdom
Phylum
Sub Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Botanical garden
Manual
Monograph
Museum
Keys
Zoological parks
Flora
Herbarium
Taxonomical Aids
Nomenclature
