Lp8 representation
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The document discusses representation in media and how it constructs our understanding of reality. It argues that all media representations are selective and involve interpretation. Representations that are frequently used can come to feel natural and unmediated. The media represents different social groups in both positive and negative ways through stereotypes. Negative representations of minorities often inflame fear and hatred. Changing representations requires changing the power structures that exclude certain groups from the production process.
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The document discusses various concepts related to representation in media texts including signs, codes, ideologies, and the representation of social groups such as gender, ethnicity, age, sexuality, class, ability, and region. It provides examples of common representations within each social group and questions to consider when analyzing representations, such as whether they reinforce stereotypes or provide diverse portrayals.
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This poster for the 1963 horror film "Kiss of the Vampire" depicts two vulnerable young women being attacked by bats at night, with the vampire protagonist lurking in the background. The summary analyzes how the poster uses representations of gender, with the women portrayed as weak and objectified compared to the strong male vampire. It also examines the cultural context of 1960s gender and racial stereotypes present in the poster's imagery and symbolism.
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Kiss of the vampire analysis
This poster for the 1960 film "Kiss of the Vampire" uses various signs and symbols to convey meaning. It depicts a vampire backing away as a woman protects a man lying on the floor from an attack. The signs like blood, bats, and a castle in the background signify horror elements. The woman fighting back challenges gender stereotypes of the time. Analysis of dress codes and gestures also present alternative meanings beyond the preferred reading, showing how semiotics allows for multiple interpretations.
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A level media studies y2 C1SA Kiss of The Vampire media language and represen...
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Five common black stereotypes in tv and film
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This document discusses representation in media and how certain groups may be misrepresented or underrepresented. It focuses on how representation looks at how people, cultures, religions, gender, race, ethnicity, sexuality, and other groups are portrayed in media. Representation often links to stereotypes, particularly negative stereotypes, and deals with groups that are underrepresented or feel excluded from mainstream society and media. The document asks the reader to analyze an extract from a BBC drama in terms of how illegal immigrants and police are represented and who the audience is encouraged to empathize with.
Disability
The document discusses the representation of disability in various films and media. It begins by asking the reader to watch and evaluate a short film about cerebral palsy and how it explains disability to children. It then asks the reader to consider how disability has been portrayed in other films - both positively and negatively. Specifically, it notes that villains in films like James Bond and Batman are often physically scarred or disabled. It also discusses several films from the past where physical disabilities were used to indicate more negative personality traits. However, it acknowledges that some films portray disabled characters succeeding through hard work. The document raises questions about both positive and negative representations of disability in media.
The media’s portrayal of black youth
Mainstream media often portray African American youths, especially black men and boys, as criminals, crime victims, or predators through words and images. This helps embed the stereotype of black youth as dangerous in American and British society. The perception of African Americans as inferior to whites stems from the legacy of racial hierarchy and belief that white skin color is superior. When Mark Duggan was shot and killed by police in 2011, fueling tensions and riots, mainstream UK newspapers portrayed him in an unflattering, menacing way despite part of the image showing him holding a heart-shaped stone for his daughter.
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The document discusses several film and media theories and how they relate to the short film "After Hours". It summarizes how the film uses shortcuts to represent characters without lengthy introductions. It also examines how the film challenges social constructionist views of gender and success. Finally, it analyzes how the film's narrative structure fits Todorov's theory of narrative patterns and contains postmodern elements that critique modernist ideologies.
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The media often depicts disability using negative stereotypes that can influence public perceptions. Disabled characters are commonly shown as pitiable victims, as sinister villains whose impairments make them evil, or as "super cripples" whose disabilities magically enhance them. These stereotypes portray disability as an abnormality to overcome or something that isolates people from society. While some works frame disability as empowering heroes, they often still rely on the trope of characters using disability as something to escape. Overall, media representations frequently reinforce the idea of disability as a misfortune rather than a natural part of human diversity.
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Representation describes how signs like media texts stand in for and depict reality. Producers intentionally frame reality through signs like editing and camerawork to position texts ideologically. Audiences make sense of reality through these representations. Common representations of social groups in media include stereotypes like criminal black men, nerdy white men, sexy Latinas, and helpless disabled people. Understanding how media represent social groups through signs is important for recognizing the ideologies that shape perceptions of reality.
Representation of different aspects
Gender is a basic way that humans categorize themselves and others. Media often portrays narrow definitions of masculinity and femininity through stereotypical gender roles. Representations of women in media tend to focus on physical beauty, relationships, and emotions rather than independence or intellect. Minority groups also face stereotypical portrayals in media based on race, age, sexuality, and other attributes. More diverse and accurate representations are growing but stereotypes still persist across many forms of media content.
Theory and Theorist For Media Studies A2
This is the theory revision I created for my A2 Media group a couple of years ago. There is some general narrative theory, Media theory Laura Mulvey etc and Racial Representation theory, Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, bell hooks etc. This was based on Media and Collective Identity focusing on the representation of black culture in British Film and American Music Videos.
Theorytheorists 130909144713-
This document provides an overview of various media theories that can be applied to analyzing representations in media. It discusses theorists such as Laura Mulvey, John Berger, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, Tricia Rose, Paul Gilroy, Michael Eric Dyson, Kobena Mercer, Jacques Lacan, Michel Foucault, and concepts like narrative theory, audience reception theory, and moral panic. Revision tips are provided, emphasizing applying these theories to coursework and case studies through references to different media like films, music videos, and magazines. Key ideas from different theorists are summarized, such as Hall's notions of "slave figure," "the native," and "the clown/entertainer" characterizations of
Media Theory
The document summarizes several media theorists and their perspectives on representation. It discusses Laura Mulvey's concept of the male gaze and how women are portrayed as passive objects in film. John Berger's theory that women appear for male objectification across media is also mentioned. Theories by Alvarado, Bell Hooks, Stuart Hall, and others address how ethnicity, race, gender, and class are commonly represented and interpreted in Western media through stereotypes, exoticism, and blurred associations. Narrative and audience reception theories are also briefly outlined.
2012 representation
Representation is how media portray reality through specific portrayals of people, places, and issues. It is not necessarily an accurate reflection but a constructed version. Media representations shape how audiences view things by selecting what to include and exclude and using language, images, and editing to guide audience understanding in a particular way. Representations reflect the views and values of their creators and can influence audience attitudes if they promote biased or unfair portrayals of groups.
Media Theorists
A summary of relevant theory that will support Textual Analysis of Representation in TV Drama. OCR AS Media Studies.
Realism in Contemporary US Media
The document discusses different approaches to representing reality in media, including psychological realism, naturalism, and documentary conventions. Psychological realism aims to portray individual experiences as universal, but often reflects the views of privileged groups. Naturalism focuses on depicting typical social experiences rather than claiming psychological universality. Documentaries rely on images, testimony, and documentation to substantiate their representations of reality, but any curation of evidence inherently makes an argument. The lines between different genres are blurred, and all representations of reality carry ideological assumptions.
Representation in the media gender
Media representations are intentionally constructed versions of reality that audiences use to make sense of the world; however, gender representations in media often rely on stereotypical portrayals of masculinity focusing on strength and power and femininity focusing on beauty, sexuality, and relationships. Studying how gender and other identities are represented in media involves considering who produced the content and why they selected those specific portrayals.
British Youth Presentation
The document discusses representations of British youth in media like television and films. It analyzes the film Kidulthood, noting how it portrays youth negatively through scenes depicting pregnancy, violence, crime and lack of respect. The document also discusses how newspapers use emotive language to portray youth in a stereotypical way as delinquents involved in gangs and crime. It suggests youth join gangs to gain status and fit in, relating this to Albert Cohen's theory of status frustration.
2.3 - Representation (pre-Avatar).pptx
This document provides an overview of key concepts around media representation and stereotypes. It discusses how all media platforms, including television news, documentaries, reality TV, and scripted shows, construct representations of reality rather than accurately portray it. Stereotypes are addressed as a convention that reduces social groups to simplistic traits, though they may be based in some social truths. The document also presents two main reasons stereotypes are heavily used in media - that they provide a fast shorthand for understanding characters, and that they are grounded in traditional cultural myths and narratives that often frame outsiders negatively.
AS Media Studies - Section A - answering the question
The document provides information on analyzing representations in media texts, including:
- Representations of gender, age, ethnicity, sexuality, class, ability can be stereotypical.
- It identifies common stereotypes of different groups, such as the helpless elderly, criminal youth.
- Textual analysis examines camerawork, editing, sound, and mise-en-scène to understand how representations are constructed.
- Questions may ask to analyze one or more of these technical elements in a provided media extract.
Key concepts representation
The document discusses how media representations are constructed and how they portray certain groups. It notes that over 30% of advertisements still portray women as young, slim and blonde, while men featured are usually over 30 and dark-haired. It explains that the media does not present reality objectively, but rather engages in a process of selection and mediation based on the values of its producers. Representations invite audiences to understand them in preferred ways and become normalized through repetition.
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AS Media Studies - Section A - answering the question
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Our documentary uses conventions of real media in several ways:
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Our documentary aimed to challenge stereotypes by telling the story of Tom, a disabled man. We strived to follow conventions of real media by using techniques like quick shots and music in the introduction. Interviews were framed to focus on facial expressions. We received positive feedback but learned our audio needed improving. Throughout production we used technologies like cameras, microphones, and iMovie to help plan, film, and edit our documentary. Our skills have advanced from learning new editing and filming techniques to create a higher quality product.
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The Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 was the deadliest school shooting in U.S. history, with 32 people killed and 17 injured. The shooter, Seung-Hui Cho, was a Virginia Tech student who had previously been diagnosed with a severe mental illness. The attacks sparked debates around gun control laws, mental health treatment, and the responsibility of colleges. They also led to criticism of media organizations that aired portions of the shooter's manifesto. In the aftermath, efforts increased to allow concealed carry of firearms on college campuses, though most states continue to ban guns at schools.
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This document is the executive summary of the Leveson Inquiry report into the culture, practices, and ethics of the British press. It finds that the press has too often ignored its responsibilities to the public in its pursuit of stories, harming innocent people. However, it also recognizes the important role of the press in a democratic society. The summary puts forth recommendations to address issues while also protecting press freedom, including improving press regulation and relationships with the police. It aims to balance press rights and responsibilities to the public.
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The ACLU and 14 media groups were granted oral arguments to challenge censorship regulations in the upcoming trial of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed and four others accused of plotting the 9/11 attacks. The regulations allow a 40-second delay of broadcast to censor the defendants if they describe the torture they endured in CIA black sites. The ACLU and media argue this violates the First Amendment and aims to shield CIA activities from public scrutiny. The five men were captured in 2003 and held in CIA black sites where they were subject to torture, including waterboarding of Mohammed 183 times, before being transferred to Guantanamo Bay in 2006.
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Our group will create a documentary examining stereotypes of young people from both biased and unbiased perspectives. We will film interviews with people of different ages in various locations and incorporate montage sequences and a voiceover to convey our message. The goal is for viewers to understand how stereotypes are often untrue and to consider other opinions on what young people are actually like.
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Lp8 representation
- 1. Representation The way the media re-presents stories and events Reality is always represented - what we treat as 'direct' experience is 'mediated'. Representation always involves 'the construction of reality'. However, without the media, our perception of reality would be very limited, and that we need these artificial texts to mediate our view of the world, to make sense of reality. Therefore representation is a fluid, two-way process: producers position a text somewhere in relation to reality and audiences assess a text on its relationship to reality.
- 6. Hoodies rob bingo granny Four Teenagers Charged With Burglary Ban Binge-Drinking Teens Asbo-Man Strikes AGAIN! extracts: sun vs guardian:
- 7. ‘ Traditional’ film stereotypes: Native Americans as scalping, war-dancing, ‘red’-blooded murderers Mexicans as drug-smuggling corrupt bandoleros Irish as thieves and terrorists Black men as pimps, criminals or generally “lowlife hoods” Gay Men as promiscuous, utterly camp and obsessed by appearance (Extract)
- 10. In recent years, the success of actors such as Denzel Washington, Whoopi Goldberg, Laurence Fishburne and Morgan Freeman in a diversity of roles has meant that black characters in movies and on TV are no longer 'stock' types. However, these are juxtaposed alongside negative representations of black people, some of which seem deliberately designed to inflame the fear and hatred of other cultures, often these representations come from within black culture itself.
- 11. Representations on TV Often juxtaposes representations in order to represent (or attempt to represent) fullness of roles in society Think of a soap opera or drama serial you have seen recently: What social or ethnic groups are represented in the programme? How ‘realistic’ are those representations? Are there any gaps or absences?
- 13. How do you change negative representations? Often can be as simple (or as complex) as changing mechanisms of power and opening up the production process to previously excluded groups. Representation of African Americans changed sharply with arrival of Spike Lee as major director and in particular his film “Do The Right Thing”. (extract from dtrt)