The document discusses land cover changes and wetland loss in the New Orleans region between 1990 and 2010. It notes that Louisiana accounts for 40% of US wetlands, which help reduce storm surge but have been declining at a rate of 55-100 square km per year due to factors like levee construction, canal development, and sea level rise. Satellite images and analyses of land cover classifications over time demonstrate the loss of land in the New Orleans area and surrounding wetlands.
Staying dry with rising tides – case study miami beach inc2Kerry Olsson
The City of Miami Beach, Florida, USA is a beautiful resort community nestled between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay. Miami Beach is built on natural and man-made barrier islands.
Infrastructure which ensures residents and tourists in Miami Beach aren’t regularly flooded by sea water is often taken for granted however with a changing climate it has become evident to residents that there are issues that need to be dealt with.
Much of the system that transports stormwater directly to the sea was built just a few centimeters to one to two meters above sea level. Over the years these outlet structures have settled, and sea levels have risen, often causing seawater to flow into the stormwater system.
Overfilled stormwater systems cause seawater to push up onto streets as well as residential and commercial properties causing blocked roads, inconvenienced pedestrians, closed businesses, and damaged homes.
A team of scientists of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) in Potsdam, Germany has detected a clear upward trend in the past few decades toward more unprecedented daily rainfall events. The institute found that these once anomalous events have increased in frequency 24 percent in central and eastern US.
Miami Beach is spending more than US$500 million in infrastructure to brace for the scientific projection that the sea level will rise 1.5m by the turn of the century. This paper will present issues surrounding aging infrastructure, and solutions put in place during phase 1 & 2 of this monumental project exhibiting the success of the project and potential issues surrounding trying to flood-proof a city.
Staying dry with rising tides – case study miami beach inc2Kerry Olsson
The City of Miami Beach, Florida, USA is a beautiful resort community nestled between the Atlantic Ocean and Biscayne Bay. Miami Beach is built on natural and man-made barrier islands.
Infrastructure which ensures residents and tourists in Miami Beach aren’t regularly flooded by sea water is often taken for granted however with a changing climate it has become evident to residents that there are issues that need to be dealt with.
Much of the system that transports stormwater directly to the sea was built just a few centimeters to one to two meters above sea level. Over the years these outlet structures have settled, and sea levels have risen, often causing seawater to flow into the stormwater system.
Overfilled stormwater systems cause seawater to push up onto streets as well as residential and commercial properties causing blocked roads, inconvenienced pedestrians, closed businesses, and damaged homes.
A team of scientists of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK) in Potsdam, Germany has detected a clear upward trend in the past few decades toward more unprecedented daily rainfall events. The institute found that these once anomalous events have increased in frequency 24 percent in central and eastern US.
Miami Beach is spending more than US$500 million in infrastructure to brace for the scientific projection that the sea level will rise 1.5m by the turn of the century. This paper will present issues surrounding aging infrastructure, and solutions put in place during phase 1 & 2 of this monumental project exhibiting the success of the project and potential issues surrounding trying to flood-proof a city.
Surg Clin N Am 86 (2006) 557–578
Absolutely superb article from the Surgical Clinics of North America. In particular, please check out the yellow highlighted excerpt on Page 558. Very insightful author... I like him very much indeed.
Flooding occurs somewhere in the world approximately 10,000 times every day as the consequences of a locale having more water than the local water cycle can process within its physical limits. Floods occur as the result of: extreme levels of , precipitation in thunderstorms, tropical storms, typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones; in storm surges, and in tsunami wave run up. We continue to operate with a flawed premise: Knowledge from flood disasters, which occur in association with great subduction zone earthquakes in the Pacific and Indian oceans and are very well understood, therefore flood disaster resilience should be accomplished relatively easily by vulnerable countries. Unfortunately, the fact of the matter is, floods are not annual events; they are also complex, so most nations, whether impacted or not, usually are slow to adopt and implement policies based on science and recent catastrophic events making flood disaster resilience a very elusive goal to achieve. What have we learned from recent past floods to increase survivability? First of all, the timing of anticipatory actions is vital. People who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., strong ground motion, soil effects, flood wave run up, ground failure), where and when floods have historically happened, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare for them, will survive. Secondly, timely, realistic disaster scenarios save lives. The people who have timely, realistic, advance information that facilitates reduction of vulnerabilities, and hence the risks associated with strong ground shaking, flood wave run up, and ground failure will survive. Thirdly, Emergency preparedness and response. The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations, especially the search and rescue operations that are limited to “the golden 48 hours.” The local community’s capacity for emergency health care (i,e., coping with damaged hospitals and medical facilities, lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality) is vital for survival. And finally, earthquake engineer building save lives. Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from an earthquake’s strong ground shaking and ground failure that cause damage, collapse, and loss of function, is vital for protecting occupants and users from death and injury. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
William & Mary Bill of Rights JournalVolume 15 Issue 1 A.docxadolphoyonker
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Volume 15 | Issue 1 Article 11
In Katrina's Wake: Rethinking the Military's Role in
Domestic Emergencies
Scott R . Tkacz
Copyright c 2006 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository.
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj
Repository Citation
Scott R . Tkacz, In Katrina's Wake: Rethinking the Military's Role in Domestic Emergencies, 15 Wm. &
Mary Bill Rts. J. 301 (2006), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15/iss1/11
United States Army Sergeants Major Academy
Master Leader Course (MLC)
1
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15/iss1
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15/iss1/11
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj
IN KATRINA'S WAKE: RETHINKING THE MILITARY'S ROLE
IN DOMESTIC EMERGENCIES
Scott R. Tkacz
INTRODUCTION ................................................. 301
I. LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL RESPONSE TO THE KATRINA DISASTER ... 303
Hi. HISTORY OF THE LIMITATION ON THE USE OF THE MILITARY IN
DOMESTIC ARENAS ........................................... 307
A. Posse Comitatus Act ...................................... 307
B. Exceptions to the Posse Comitatus Act ........................ 308
I. HISTORICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE EXCEPTIONS TO THE POSSE
COMITATUS ACT ............................................ 312
A. Presidential Power in Federalizing the National Guard ........... 314
IV. OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO EXPANDING PRESIDENTIAL
AUTHORITY IN THE USE OF FEDERAL TROOPS DOMESTICALLY ......... 315
A. The Need for Centralized Decision-Making by a Single Individual
Is Critical in Emergency Situations ........................... 315
B. "Traditional Notions" of Domestic Military Action Are Not
Supported by History ...................................... 318
C. Federal Military Forces Can Receive Adequate Training for
Effective Execution of Domestic Law Enforcement ............... 324
D. Active Military Participation in Domestic Law Enforcement
Does Not Necessarily Mean Permanent Domestic Deployment ..... 326
E. The President Possesses Broad Discretion in Matters Authorized
by Congress ............................................. 330
F. Use of the Military in Domestic Affairs Would Serve to Protect
Civilians' Constitutional Rights, Not to Abrogate Them ........... 332
CONCLUSION .................................................. 333
INTRODUCTION
The massive devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and
Mississippi in August 2005' left behind shattered communities that will be left to pick
up the pieces for months and years to come.2 The alarming number of hurricanes
See infra notes 6-12 and accompanying text. On June 23, 2006, 1 visited New Orleans and
witnessed the destruction firsthand. The severity of the damage is truly difficult to put into words.
2 See, e.g., Eric Lipton, FEMA Calls 60,000 Houses in Storm Area Beyond Repai.
Looking at the threats happening to A1 farmlands in Southwestern Ontario from groundwater and threats to Moraines to climate change risks and land use development.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Surg Clin N Am 86 (2006) 557–578
Absolutely superb article from the Surgical Clinics of North America. In particular, please check out the yellow highlighted excerpt on Page 558. Very insightful author... I like him very much indeed.
Flooding occurs somewhere in the world approximately 10,000 times every day as the consequences of a locale having more water than the local water cycle can process within its physical limits. Floods occur as the result of: extreme levels of , precipitation in thunderstorms, tropical storms, typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones; in storm surges, and in tsunami wave run up. We continue to operate with a flawed premise: Knowledge from flood disasters, which occur in association with great subduction zone earthquakes in the Pacific and Indian oceans and are very well understood, therefore flood disaster resilience should be accomplished relatively easily by vulnerable countries. Unfortunately, the fact of the matter is, floods are not annual events; they are also complex, so most nations, whether impacted or not, usually are slow to adopt and implement policies based on science and recent catastrophic events making flood disaster resilience a very elusive goal to achieve. What have we learned from recent past floods to increase survivability? First of all, the timing of anticipatory actions is vital. People who know: 1) what to expect (e.g., strong ground motion, soil effects, flood wave run up, ground failure), where and when floods have historically happened, and 3) what they should (and should not) do to prepare for them, will survive. Secondly, timely, realistic disaster scenarios save lives. The people who have timely, realistic, advance information that facilitates reduction of vulnerabilities, and hence the risks associated with strong ground shaking, flood wave run up, and ground failure will survive. Thirdly, Emergency preparedness and response. The “Uncontrollable and Unthinkable” events will always hinder the timing of emergency response operations, especially the search and rescue operations that are limited to “the golden 48 hours.” The local community’s capacity for emergency health care (i,e., coping with damaged hospitals and medical facilities, lack of clean drinking water, food, and medicine, and high levels of morbidity and mortality) is vital for survival. And finally, earthquake engineer building save lives. Buildings engineered to withstand the risks from an earthquake’s strong ground shaking and ground failure that cause damage, collapse, and loss of function, is vital for protecting occupants and users from death and injury. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction
William & Mary Bill of Rights JournalVolume 15 Issue 1 A.docxadolphoyonker
William & Mary Bill of Rights Journal
Volume 15 | Issue 1 Article 11
In Katrina's Wake: Rethinking the Military's Role in
Domestic Emergencies
Scott R . Tkacz
Copyright c 2006 by the authors. This article is brought to you by the William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository.
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj
Repository Citation
Scott R . Tkacz, In Katrina's Wake: Rethinking the Military's Role in Domestic Emergencies, 15 Wm. &
Mary Bill Rts. J. 301 (2006), http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15/iss1/11
United States Army Sergeants Major Academy
Master Leader Course (MLC)
1
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15/iss1
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj/vol15/iss1/11
http://scholarship.law.wm.edu/wmborj
IN KATRINA'S WAKE: RETHINKING THE MILITARY'S ROLE
IN DOMESTIC EMERGENCIES
Scott R. Tkacz
INTRODUCTION ................................................. 301
I. LOCAL, STATE, AND FEDERAL RESPONSE TO THE KATRINA DISASTER ... 303
Hi. HISTORY OF THE LIMITATION ON THE USE OF THE MILITARY IN
DOMESTIC ARENAS ........................................... 307
A. Posse Comitatus Act ...................................... 307
B. Exceptions to the Posse Comitatus Act ........................ 308
I. HISTORICAL APPLICATIONS OF THE EXCEPTIONS TO THE POSSE
COMITATUS ACT ............................................ 312
A. Presidential Power in Federalizing the National Guard ........... 314
IV. OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS TO EXPANDING PRESIDENTIAL
AUTHORITY IN THE USE OF FEDERAL TROOPS DOMESTICALLY ......... 315
A. The Need for Centralized Decision-Making by a Single Individual
Is Critical in Emergency Situations ........................... 315
B. "Traditional Notions" of Domestic Military Action Are Not
Supported by History ...................................... 318
C. Federal Military Forces Can Receive Adequate Training for
Effective Execution of Domestic Law Enforcement ............... 324
D. Active Military Participation in Domestic Law Enforcement
Does Not Necessarily Mean Permanent Domestic Deployment ..... 326
E. The President Possesses Broad Discretion in Matters Authorized
by Congress ............................................. 330
F. Use of the Military in Domestic Affairs Would Serve to Protect
Civilians' Constitutional Rights, Not to Abrogate Them ........... 332
CONCLUSION .................................................. 333
INTRODUCTION
The massive devastation wrought by Hurricane Katrina in Louisiana and
Mississippi in August 2005' left behind shattered communities that will be left to pick
up the pieces for months and years to come.2 The alarming number of hurricanes
See infra notes 6-12 and accompanying text. On June 23, 2006, 1 visited New Orleans and
witnessed the destruction firsthand. The severity of the damage is truly difficult to put into words.
2 See, e.g., Eric Lipton, FEMA Calls 60,000 Houses in Storm Area Beyond Repai.
Looking at the threats happening to A1 farmlands in Southwestern Ontario from groundwater and threats to Moraines to climate change risks and land use development.
Similar to Coastal Degradation in New Orleans, Louisiana (20)
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Louisiana has a population of approximately
4.6 million (350,000 in New Orleans).
Billion+ dollar fishing industry.
Louisiana’s wetlands account for 40% of the
United States’ wetlands.
The wetlands protect coastal cities from
storms.
43. Range
(Hectares) Median (Hectares) Mean (Hectares)
Standard Deviation
(Hectares)
Land 45,469.93 444,890.05 442,423.09 18,281.01
Water 46,784.33 371,832.70 373,698.77 18,867.53
Total Land
Loss
Average Land Loss per 5 Years
as a Function of Total Land
Average Land Loss per Year
as a Function of Total Land
Value 10,839.76 2,709.94 541.99
Percent 2.3785% 0.5946% 0.1189%
47. .37% error in total area in 1990 despite using
the same subset as other years.
Possible Classification errors.
Hurricane Katrina.
Barrier Islands.
48. Barrier Islands
Barrier islands protect the coast
from storms.
One mile of wetlands can reduce
storm surge by three to eight
inches.
The USGS predicts that most of
Louisiana’s barrier islands are
projected to be gone by 2100.
Hurricane Katrina:
Before and After
http://www.uwec.edu/jolhm/eh3/group7/WhyNOVulnerable.htm
49. Lacoast.gov: Over 55 square kilometers of
wetland lost every year across Louisiana.
USGS: 75 square kilometers of wetlands are
lost every year in Louisiana.
Louisiana State University: Over 100 square
kilometers of wetlands are lost every year.
50. Below, Chris, Chris Dierich, Keith Erickson, and Rachel Kjos. "Environmental Hazards Storm Surge Induced
Flooding in New Orleans." Why New Orleans IsVulnerable. University ofWisconsin-Eau Claire, n.d.
Web. 06 Dec. 2013. <http://www.uwec.edu/jolhm/eh3/group7/WhyNOVulnerable.htm>.
Coleman, James M., Harry H. Roberts, and Robert S.Tye. "Wetland Loss in Louisiana."Geografiska Annaler.
Series A, Physical Geography. By Jesse H. Walker.Vol. 69. N.p.:Wiley, 1987. 189. A. JSTOR. Web. 8
Dec. 2013. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/521377>.
"LANDSAT_5 - Path: 022 Row: 039." EarthExplorer. U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and
Science Center, n.d.Web. 29 Nov. 2013. <http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/>.
“New Orleans.” Google Earth. Accessed November 28, 2013.
"New Orleans, LA/MS 1/3 Arc-second MLLW DEM." NOAA National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). National
Oceanic and Atmosphere Administration, n.d.Web. 07 Dec. 2013.
<http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/dem/squareCellGrid/download/680>.
"Path 022 Row: 039." Global Land Cover Facility. Global Land Cover Facility, n.d.Web. 29 Nov. 2013.
<http://glcf.umd.edu/data/>.
Smithson, Peter, Ken Addison, and Ken Atkinson. Fundamentals of the Physical Environment. 4th ed. London:
Routledge, 2008. Print.
"Wetland Loss In Louisiana." Wetland Loss In Louisiana. US Government, n.d.Web. 07 Dec. 2013.
<http://lacoast.gov/reports/rtc/1997/5.htm>.
Williams. "Louisiana CoastalWetlands: A Resource At Risk." - USGS Fact Sheet. United States Geological Survey,
n.d.Web. 04 Dec. 2013. <http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/la-wetlands/>.
Editor's Notes
Seasonal flooding provides sediments that are required for growth in the wetlands.
Saltwater is detrimental to the wetlands environment.
Water is drained out of the wetlands to accommodate for urban and agricultural developments.
My study showed a loss of 5.42 square kilometers just in the New Orleans area.