This document discusses different types of logical fallacies. It defines a logical fallacy as poor or invalid reasoning in an argument. Common fallacies include circular reasoning, ad hominem attacks, and arguments that are irrelevant to the core issue. Logical fallacies should be avoided in arguments as they weaken the reasoning and position being advocated.

1. Logical Fallacies

2. A fallacy of logos where
A is because of B, and B
is because of A, e.g.,
'You can't get a job
without experience, and
you can't get experience
without a job. ' Also
refers to falsely arguing
that something is true
by repeating the same
statement in different
words

3. The common fallacies
are usefully divided into
three categories:
Fallacies of Relevance,
Fallacies of
Unacceptable Premises,
and Formal Fallacies.
Many of these fallacies
have Latin names,
perhaps because
medieval philosophers
were particularly
interested in informal
logic.

4. The ad hominem is one of
the most common logical
fallacies. While it can take
many forms — from name
calling and insults, to
attacking a person's
character, to questioning
their motives, to calling
them hypocrites — any
argument that targets the
source, rather than the
argument, is an ad
hominem.

5. The term logical fallacy is
in a sense self-
contradictory, because
logic refers to valid
reasoning, whereas a
fallacy is the use of poor
reasoning. Therefore, the
term formal fallacy is
preferred. In informal
discourse, however,
logical fallacy is used to
mean an argument which
is problematic for any
reason.

6. Logical fallacies make an
argument weak by using
mistaken beliefs/ideas,
invalid arguments,
illogical arguments,
and/or deceptiveness. If
you are arguing, avoid
fallacies of thought
because they create
weaknesses in an
argument.