The document provides guidance on evaluating abnormal liver tests by outlining a 5-step process: 1) Determine if the pattern is hepatitic or cholestatic based on liver enzyme levels, 2) Obtain an appropriate history, 3) Conduct a focused physical exam, 4) Order additional blood tests, and 5) Consider a liver biopsy for diagnosis when the etiology remains unclear after the initial steps. The document also reviews specific liver diseases like hepatitis A, B, and C and provides case examples to demonstrate applying the evaluation process.
Acquired hemolytic anemias can be caused by extracorpuscular factors or environmental changes and include immune-mediated hemolytic anemias. Immune causes include warm-reacting antibodies, cold-reacting antibodies, drug-dependent antibodies, and autoimmune causes. Hypersplenism results in cytopenias due to increased destruction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in an enlarged spleen. Immune hemolytic anemias are caused by antibodies against a person's own red blood cells and are classified as warm or cold antibody types depending on antibody reactivity at body temperature versus cold temperature.
This document summarizes different types of immune hemolytic anemia, including their mechanisms and diagnostic criteria. It discusses autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which can be warm or cold types. Alloimmune hemolytic anemia includes hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia can occur through immune complex formation, drug adsorption, or true autoimmunity. Diagnosis involves tests like complete blood count, peripheral smear, direct antiglobulin test, and identifying the underlying antibody. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include corticosteroids, splenectomy, plasmapheresis, or discontinuing the causative drug.
Liver function tests are used to assess the liver's synthetic, detoxification, and injury functions. Tests of synthetic function include prothrombin time, serum albumin, and cholesterol. Tests of detoxification include serum bilirubin, ammonia, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT). Tests that may indicate liver injury are aminotransferases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase, and GGT. Viral hepatitis causes elevated aminotransferases, bilirubin, GGT, and sometimes prolonged prothrombin time.
This document provides information about isoimmunization. It lists the group members presenting on the topic and includes the objectives of the presentation. It defines key terms and explains ABO and Rh incompatibility, causes of isoimmunization, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of maternal and neonatal isoimmunization. Nursing management is also described. References are provided.
The patient presents with fatigue and is found to have anemia. Initial workup reveals a normocytic, hypoproliferative anemia with normal white and platelet counts. Given his risk factors of age and alcohol use, further workup is needed to evaluate for potential causes of blood loss or decreased production such as iron deficiency or occult gastrointestinal bleeding. A colonoscopy should be considered.
This document provides an overview of common liver problems, including identifying causes of abnormal liver function tests, approaches to acute hepatic injury and chronic hepatitis, viral marker interpretation, and treatment of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. It discusses evaluation and treatment of acute viral hepatitis and asymptomatic abnormal liver function tests. It also covers chronic hepatitis B and C, including serological markers, natural history, and diagnosis. Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with antibiotics is emphasized.
El documento describe la prueba de Coombs, la cual detecta anticuerpos e inmunoglobulinas unidas a glóbulos rojos. Explica que la prueba de Coombs directa detecta sensibilización de glóbulos rojos in vivo, mientras que la prueba de Coombs indirecta detecta sensibilización in vitro. También detalla los procedimientos para realizar ambas pruebas de Coombs, incluyendo los pasos de preparación, sensibilización, lavado y adición del suero anti-humano, así como la interpretación de los
Liver function tests (LFTs) evaluate liver health and detect liver damage. LFTs measure enzymes released from damaged liver cells (ALT, AST), synthetic function (albumin, clotting factors), and signs of obstruction (bilirubin, ALP, GGT). Elevations in ALT and AST indicate hepatocyte injury while increased bilirubin, ALP, and GGT suggest cholestasis or blockage of bile flow. LFTs help diagnose liver diseases, determine severity, monitor treatment effectiveness, and assess operative risk or need for transplantation.
Acquired hemolytic anemias can be caused by extracorpuscular factors or environmental changes and include immune-mediated hemolytic anemias. Immune causes include warm-reacting antibodies, cold-reacting antibodies, drug-dependent antibodies, and autoimmune causes. Hypersplenism results in cytopenias due to increased destruction of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in an enlarged spleen. Immune hemolytic anemias are caused by antibodies against a person's own red blood cells and are classified as warm or cold antibody types depending on antibody reactivity at body temperature versus cold temperature.
This document summarizes different types of immune hemolytic anemia, including their mechanisms and diagnostic criteria. It discusses autoimmune hemolytic anemia, which can be warm or cold types. Alloimmune hemolytic anemia includes hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn. Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia can occur through immune complex formation, drug adsorption, or true autoimmunity. Diagnosis involves tests like complete blood count, peripheral smear, direct antiglobulin test, and identifying the underlying antibody. Treatment depends on the specific type but may include corticosteroids, splenectomy, plasmapheresis, or discontinuing the causative drug.
Liver function tests are used to assess the liver's synthetic, detoxification, and injury functions. Tests of synthetic function include prothrombin time, serum albumin, and cholesterol. Tests of detoxification include serum bilirubin, ammonia, and gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT). Tests that may indicate liver injury are aminotransferases (ALT, AST), alkaline phosphatase, and GGT. Viral hepatitis causes elevated aminotransferases, bilirubin, GGT, and sometimes prolonged prothrombin time.
This document provides information about isoimmunization. It lists the group members presenting on the topic and includes the objectives of the presentation. It defines key terms and explains ABO and Rh incompatibility, causes of isoimmunization, pathophysiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management of maternal and neonatal isoimmunization. Nursing management is also described. References are provided.
The patient presents with fatigue and is found to have anemia. Initial workup reveals a normocytic, hypoproliferative anemia with normal white and platelet counts. Given his risk factors of age and alcohol use, further workup is needed to evaluate for potential causes of blood loss or decreased production such as iron deficiency or occult gastrointestinal bleeding. A colonoscopy should be considered.
This document provides an overview of common liver problems, including identifying causes of abnormal liver function tests, approaches to acute hepatic injury and chronic hepatitis, viral marker interpretation, and treatment of ascites and hepatic encephalopathy. It discusses evaluation and treatment of acute viral hepatitis and asymptomatic abnormal liver function tests. It also covers chronic hepatitis B and C, including serological markers, natural history, and diagnosis. Treatment of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis with antibiotics is emphasized.
El documento describe la prueba de Coombs, la cual detecta anticuerpos e inmunoglobulinas unidas a glóbulos rojos. Explica que la prueba de Coombs directa detecta sensibilización de glóbulos rojos in vivo, mientras que la prueba de Coombs indirecta detecta sensibilización in vitro. También detalla los procedimientos para realizar ambas pruebas de Coombs, incluyendo los pasos de preparación, sensibilización, lavado y adición del suero anti-humano, así como la interpretación de los
Liver function tests (LFTs) evaluate liver health and detect liver damage. LFTs measure enzymes released from damaged liver cells (ALT, AST), synthetic function (albumin, clotting factors), and signs of obstruction (bilirubin, ALP, GGT). Elevations in ALT and AST indicate hepatocyte injury while increased bilirubin, ALP, and GGT suggest cholestasis or blockage of bile flow. LFTs help diagnose liver diseases, determine severity, monitor treatment effectiveness, and assess operative risk or need for transplantation.
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage and disease. It can be asymptomatic in early stages but progresses to cause fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, easy bruising, fluid buildup, and jaundice. Cirrhosis is most often caused by alcohol abuse, hepatitis B/C, fatty liver disease, and genetic disorders. It is diagnosed through blood tests, imaging, and liver biopsy showing scar tissue buildup. While cirrhosis cannot be reversed, treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause to prevent further damage, and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and liver transplant for severe cases.
This document summarizes a presentation on hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and silent cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation without symptoms) in children. It discusses risk factors for these conditions like being overweight, rapid weight changes, and family history. Laboratory tests and imaging like ultrasound and HIDA scans are used to identify fatty liver, gallstones, gallbladder sludge, and other issues. The rates of fatty liver and gallbladder disease appear to be increasing in children, associated with rising childhood obesity. Early detection is important as fatty liver can progress rapidly in children.
This document discusses hypercalcemia, providing definitions and ranges for normal calcium levels and degrees of hypercalcemia. It then covers the main causes and etiologies of hypercalcemia including malignancy, endocrinopathies like hyperparathyroidism, drugs, and immobilization. Symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia are outlined affecting general, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, skeletal, and urologic systems. Principles of treatment include IV fluids, loop diuretics, hemodialysis, and medications to decrease bone resorption in severe cases. Monitoring for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is also discussed.
This document provides information on identifying and screening for hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and silent cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder without symptoms) in children. It discusses risk factors for developing these conditions like being overweight, rapid weight changes, and family history of liver or gallbladder disease. Laboratory tests and ultrasound exams that can help identify abnormalities are outlined. Local experience screening over 2000 pediatric patients is shared, finding many cases of fatty liver disease associated with increased BMI. Criteria for screening and typical ultrasound findings are presented.
This document provides an overview of liver tests and autoimmune hepatitis. It discusses the differential diagnosis for elevated liver enzymes and jaundice. Common liver tests like alkaline phosphatase, GGT, bilirubin, and aminotransferases are explained. Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized as having a female predominance, heterogeneous presentation, and association with other autoimmune conditions. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, lab tests, and biopsy to exclude other causes. Treatment is typically glucocorticoids with or without azathioprine, with the goal of achieving remission and preventing relapse after therapy is withdrawn.
Kidney booklet launch at Kolkata Fortis Kidney InstituteSumit Roy
- Kidneys are amazing organs that filter blood and remove waste, with each kidney containing over 1 million filtering units called nephrons.
- There are several common myths about kidney function, such as both kidneys not working together or that kidney failure means they stop working completely. In reality, people can live healthy lives even with only one functioning kidney or on dialysis.
- Kidney cancer rates are rising, with risk factors including smoking, obesity, and family history. Early detection through regular ultrasounds can help catch cancers early when they are more easily treatable and curable.
A presentation by Dr Dave Collins of SASH Vets Sydney
on Canine Biliary Disease - Gallbladder mucocoeles, Cholangitis and Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction.
This document discusses kidney stones, including their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It presents three case studies: a 38-year-old male with calcium oxalate stones, a 27-year-old female with struvite stones, and a 7-year-old girl with cystine stones. For each case, it describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, stone composition analysis, management options, and prevention strategies. The document provides an overview of kidney stone epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and complications.
Prostate is a walnut-shaped gland found only in males. It is located below the bladder and in
front of the rectum. The Prostate is a reproductive organ that produces seminal fluid that helps
nourish and transport sperm.
ANAESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN CRF by Dr.Sravani VishnubhatlaDrSravaniVishnubhatl
This document discusses anesthetic considerations for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It covers the pathophysiology and stages of CRF, common causes, and manifestations involving hematological, metabolic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and other systems. It also discusses dietary considerations, preoperative drug therapy, and immunosuppressant drugs commonly used in CRF patients. The role of the anesthetist is to safely manage the surgery and address complications related to the multiple system effects of chronic kidney disease.
This case study describes a 31-year-old male with a history of Alport syndrome and kidney transplant who presented with acute renal failure secondary to transplant rejection. Key points include: the patient's medical history of ESRD due to Alport syndrome requiring dialysis and kidney transplant; presentation with elevated creatinine and signs of antibody-mediated transplant rejection; treatment involving immunosuppression medication and potential need for dialysis; and nutrition interventions focusing on meeting protein and calorie needs through a renal diet.
Prostate is a walnut-shaped gland found only in males. It is located below the bladder and in
front of the rectum. The Prostate is a reproductive organ that produces seminal fluid that helps
nourish and transport sperm.
Prostate Cancer Clinic:
When it comes to Prostate Cancer, variation in clinical treatment and consultation often leads to unwanted confusion. This is why P.D. Hinduja Hospital & Research Centre, Khar has created a dedicated Prostate Cancer Clinic with a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT).
The primary goal of this Prostate Cancer Clinic is to offer well-balanced evidence-based consultation. We maintain an open and interactive procedure, with all clinical specialists present at the same time. Shared decisions about the risk and benefits of each treatment can decrease distress and post-treatment regrets.
With a team-based approach and a patient-based treatment, you can get personalised treatment, no repetitive testing, improved communication and most importantly - a hassle free experience.
Our team of experts include Dr. Ganesh Bakshi (Consultant - Uro-Oncology) and Dr. Vivek Anand (Consultant - Radiation Oncology)
Timings:
Thursdays, 2:00pm to 4:00pm
For appointments, dial 022 - 4510 8989 / 6154 8989
This document summarizes urinary tract stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer. It describes the presentations, investigations, and management of urinary tract stones and covers different stone types and locations. It outlines the symptoms of BPH including weak urinary stream and incomplete emptying. Medical treatments including alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are discussed. For prostate cancer, it mentions PSA screening and biopsy according to Gleason score for diagnosis and covers staging and treatments including surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy.
1. Neonatal cholestasis is defined as conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn. It can be caused by intrahepatic or extrahepatic conditions.
2. Common etiologies include biliary atresia, metabolic diseases like galactosemia, and infections. Biliary atresia is the most common cause of extrahepatic cholestasis.
3. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, lab tests including liver function tests and imaging, and may require liver biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include surgical intervention or lifestyle changes.
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men over 50. The prostate is a gland that produces fluid for semen. Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably. Risk factors include age, family history, and certain diseases. Early detection through regular exams and PSA tests is important since prostate cancer is highly treatable if caught early. Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, or monitoring. Untreated prostate cancer can metastasize to other parts of the body like bones and lymph nodes.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Preventable ICU admissions at community level - Interactive CasesVitrag Shah
This document discusses 10 interactive case studies presented by Dr. Vitrag Shah on preventing ICU admissions at the community level. Each case outlines a patient's medical history and presenting symptoms. Dr. Shah then discusses differential diagnoses, abnormal lab or test findings, additional workup needed, and how the situation could have been prevented. The goal is to recognize issues early and optimize treatment to avoid ICU admissions. Key lessons include monitoring for drug side effects, holding certain medications in acute illnesses, considering secondary causes, and screening high-risk patients proactively.
This document summarizes the outcome and management of biliary atresia. It discusses the Kasai portoenterostomy procedure, which aims to restore bile flow in infants with biliary atresia. About 50% of infants will clear their jaundice following this surgery. Long-term outcomes depend on factors like degree of cirrhosis and the experience of the surgeon. Complications include cholangitis in 30-60% of cases within the first year, and portal hypertension in many infants initially but depending on the liver response to surgery.
The document discusses disorders of the parathyroid gland. It begins by describing the location and function of the parathyroid glands. It then discusses the anatomy of the parathyroid glands including their location, blood supply, lymphatics, and nerves. The document proceeds to describe hyperparathyroidism including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It concludes by discussing hypoparathyroidism, its causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment options.
Holistic Management as an Adjunct in IBD: Encourage your patient to own the...Patricia Raymond
The document discusses the potential for holistic management approaches as adjunct treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It provides information on several ways patients can self-monitor their disease activity through indices like CDAI, UCDAI, and P-SCCAI. It also reviews evidence on the role of vitamin D supplementation, dietary changes, cannabis use, and lifestyle factors like exercise and meditation in managing IBD symptoms. While some studies found improvements in outcomes from these approaches, the evidence has limitations and their long-term impact requires more research.
More Related Content
Similar to Liver dance: The steps in diagnosis of abnormal liver tests
Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver caused by long-term liver damage and disease. It can be asymptomatic in early stages but progresses to cause fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, weight loss, easy bruising, fluid buildup, and jaundice. Cirrhosis is most often caused by alcohol abuse, hepatitis B/C, fatty liver disease, and genetic disorders. It is diagnosed through blood tests, imaging, and liver biopsy showing scar tissue buildup. While cirrhosis cannot be reversed, treatment focuses on managing the underlying cause to prevent further damage, and may include medications, lifestyle changes, and liver transplant for severe cases.
This document summarizes a presentation on hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and silent cholecystitis (gallbladder inflammation without symptoms) in children. It discusses risk factors for these conditions like being overweight, rapid weight changes, and family history. Laboratory tests and imaging like ultrasound and HIDA scans are used to identify fatty liver, gallstones, gallbladder sludge, and other issues. The rates of fatty liver and gallbladder disease appear to be increasing in children, associated with rising childhood obesity. Early detection is important as fatty liver can progress rapidly in children.
This document discusses hypercalcemia, providing definitions and ranges for normal calcium levels and degrees of hypercalcemia. It then covers the main causes and etiologies of hypercalcemia including malignancy, endocrinopathies like hyperparathyroidism, drugs, and immobilization. Symptoms and signs of hypercalcemia are outlined affecting general, neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, skeletal, and urologic systems. Principles of treatment include IV fluids, loop diuretics, hemodialysis, and medications to decrease bone resorption in severe cases. Monitoring for asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism is also discussed.
This document provides information on identifying and screening for hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and silent cholecystitis (inflammation of the gallbladder without symptoms) in children. It discusses risk factors for developing these conditions like being overweight, rapid weight changes, and family history of liver or gallbladder disease. Laboratory tests and ultrasound exams that can help identify abnormalities are outlined. Local experience screening over 2000 pediatric patients is shared, finding many cases of fatty liver disease associated with increased BMI. Criteria for screening and typical ultrasound findings are presented.
This document provides an overview of liver tests and autoimmune hepatitis. It discusses the differential diagnosis for elevated liver enzymes and jaundice. Common liver tests like alkaline phosphatase, GGT, bilirubin, and aminotransferases are explained. Autoimmune hepatitis is characterized as having a female predominance, heterogeneous presentation, and association with other autoimmune conditions. Diagnosis involves clinical signs, lab tests, and biopsy to exclude other causes. Treatment is typically glucocorticoids with or without azathioprine, with the goal of achieving remission and preventing relapse after therapy is withdrawn.
Kidney booklet launch at Kolkata Fortis Kidney InstituteSumit Roy
- Kidneys are amazing organs that filter blood and remove waste, with each kidney containing over 1 million filtering units called nephrons.
- There are several common myths about kidney function, such as both kidneys not working together or that kidney failure means they stop working completely. In reality, people can live healthy lives even with only one functioning kidney or on dialysis.
- Kidney cancer rates are rising, with risk factors including smoking, obesity, and family history. Early detection through regular ultrasounds can help catch cancers early when they are more easily treatable and curable.
A presentation by Dr Dave Collins of SASH Vets Sydney
on Canine Biliary Disease - Gallbladder mucocoeles, Cholangitis and Extrahepatic bile duct obstruction.
This document discusses kidney stones, including their diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It presents three case studies: a 38-year-old male with calcium oxalate stones, a 27-year-old female with struvite stones, and a 7-year-old girl with cystine stones. For each case, it describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, stone composition analysis, management options, and prevention strategies. The document provides an overview of kidney stone epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, and complications.
Prostate is a walnut-shaped gland found only in males. It is located below the bladder and in
front of the rectum. The Prostate is a reproductive organ that produces seminal fluid that helps
nourish and transport sperm.
ANAESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS IN CRF by Dr.Sravani VishnubhatlaDrSravaniVishnubhatl
This document discusses anesthetic considerations for patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It covers the pathophysiology and stages of CRF, common causes, and manifestations involving hematological, metabolic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurological and other systems. It also discusses dietary considerations, preoperative drug therapy, and immunosuppressant drugs commonly used in CRF patients. The role of the anesthetist is to safely manage the surgery and address complications related to the multiple system effects of chronic kidney disease.
This case study describes a 31-year-old male with a history of Alport syndrome and kidney transplant who presented with acute renal failure secondary to transplant rejection. Key points include: the patient's medical history of ESRD due to Alport syndrome requiring dialysis and kidney transplant; presentation with elevated creatinine and signs of antibody-mediated transplant rejection; treatment involving immunosuppression medication and potential need for dialysis; and nutrition interventions focusing on meeting protein and calorie needs through a renal diet.
Prostate is a walnut-shaped gland found only in males. It is located below the bladder and in
front of the rectum. The Prostate is a reproductive organ that produces seminal fluid that helps
nourish and transport sperm.
Prostate Cancer Clinic:
When it comes to Prostate Cancer, variation in clinical treatment and consultation often leads to unwanted confusion. This is why P.D. Hinduja Hospital & Research Centre, Khar has created a dedicated Prostate Cancer Clinic with a Multi-Disciplinary Team (MDT).
The primary goal of this Prostate Cancer Clinic is to offer well-balanced evidence-based consultation. We maintain an open and interactive procedure, with all clinical specialists present at the same time. Shared decisions about the risk and benefits of each treatment can decrease distress and post-treatment regrets.
With a team-based approach and a patient-based treatment, you can get personalised treatment, no repetitive testing, improved communication and most importantly - a hassle free experience.
Our team of experts include Dr. Ganesh Bakshi (Consultant - Uro-Oncology) and Dr. Vivek Anand (Consultant - Radiation Oncology)
Timings:
Thursdays, 2:00pm to 4:00pm
For appointments, dial 022 - 4510 8989 / 6154 8989
This document summarizes urinary tract stones, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer. It describes the presentations, investigations, and management of urinary tract stones and covers different stone types and locations. It outlines the symptoms of BPH including weak urinary stream and incomplete emptying. Medical treatments including alpha-blockers and 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors are discussed. For prostate cancer, it mentions PSA screening and biopsy according to Gleason score for diagnosis and covers staging and treatments including surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy.
1. Neonatal cholestasis is defined as conjugated hyperbilirubinemia in a newborn. It can be caused by intrahepatic or extrahepatic conditions.
2. Common etiologies include biliary atresia, metabolic diseases like galactosemia, and infections. Biliary atresia is the most common cause of extrahepatic cholestasis.
3. Evaluation involves history, physical exam, lab tests including liver function tests and imaging, and may require liver biopsy. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include surgical intervention or lifestyle changes.
Prostate cancer is a common cancer in men over 50. The prostate is a gland that produces fluid for semen. Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate grow uncontrollably. Risk factors include age, family history, and certain diseases. Early detection through regular exams and PSA tests is important since prostate cancer is highly treatable if caught early. Treatment options depend on the stage of cancer and may include surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, or monitoring. Untreated prostate cancer can metastasize to other parts of the body like bones and lymph nodes.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is leading source for trustworthy health, medical, science and technology news and information. Providing world health information Medical Education.
Bhaskar Health News and Medical Education is dedicated to medical students, physiotherapists, doctors, nurses, paramedics, physician associates, dentists, pharmacists, midwives and other healthcare professionals.
We're committed to being your source for expert health guidance. Bhaskar Health and Medical Education.
Source : https://www.bhaskarhealth.com
Health Shop: https://www.bhaskarhealth.org
@drrohitbhaskar @bhaskarhealth
#DrRohitBhaskar #BhaskarHealth
#Health #Medical #News #Physiotherapy
Preventable ICU admissions at community level - Interactive CasesVitrag Shah
This document discusses 10 interactive case studies presented by Dr. Vitrag Shah on preventing ICU admissions at the community level. Each case outlines a patient's medical history and presenting symptoms. Dr. Shah then discusses differential diagnoses, abnormal lab or test findings, additional workup needed, and how the situation could have been prevented. The goal is to recognize issues early and optimize treatment to avoid ICU admissions. Key lessons include monitoring for drug side effects, holding certain medications in acute illnesses, considering secondary causes, and screening high-risk patients proactively.
This document summarizes the outcome and management of biliary atresia. It discusses the Kasai portoenterostomy procedure, which aims to restore bile flow in infants with biliary atresia. About 50% of infants will clear their jaundice following this surgery. Long-term outcomes depend on factors like degree of cirrhosis and the experience of the surgeon. Complications include cholangitis in 30-60% of cases within the first year, and portal hypertension in many infants initially but depending on the liver response to surgery.
The document discusses disorders of the parathyroid gland. It begins by describing the location and function of the parathyroid glands. It then discusses the anatomy of the parathyroid glands including their location, blood supply, lymphatics, and nerves. The document proceeds to describe hyperparathyroidism including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It concludes by discussing hypoparathyroidism, its causes, signs and symptoms, and treatment options.
Similar to Liver dance: The steps in diagnosis of abnormal liver tests (20)
Holistic Management as an Adjunct in IBD: Encourage your patient to own the...Patricia Raymond
The document discusses the potential for holistic management approaches as adjunct treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It provides information on several ways patients can self-monitor their disease activity through indices like CDAI, UCDAI, and P-SCCAI. It also reviews evidence on the role of vitamin D supplementation, dietary changes, cannabis use, and lifestyle factors like exercise and meditation in managing IBD symptoms. While some studies found improvements in outcomes from these approaches, the evidence has limitations and their long-term impact requires more research.
Hash It Out: The Role of Medical Marijuana in GIPatricia Raymond
Marijuana's side effect of Cannabinoid Hyperemesis Syndrome is well known to us, as is use of Marinol to enhance appetite in the chronically ill, but are there other high points in the use of medical marijuana? What about the possible use of CBD oil for chronic pancreatitis or intractable abdominal pain?
Studies have shown cannabis' effect on GI motility, inflammation and immunity, intestinal and gastric acid secretion, nociception and emesis pathways, and appetite. Let's weed through the available data on the medical use and side effects of medicinal cannabis in gastroenterology.
Celiac Disease: Beyond Bowes, Bone, & Blood Rev 2019Patricia Raymond
Celiac disease can cause iron deficiency anemia, osteoporosis, and malabsorption…but is that all? Nope. There are a huge number of other disease associations with celiac disease beyond just bowels, bone, and blood. Join us for this classic presentation of celiac comorbidities that may alert you to the presence of this woefully under-diagnosed condition.
Diverticulitis: Popular Misconceptions & New Management rev 2019Patricia Raymond
As presented at RMSGNA 2019: Of course, it's not about just avoiding nuts and seeds. However, do you know how many attacks you can endure before suggesting a resection? How to manage young or immunosuppressed patients with diverticulitis? How Eastern (asian)diverticulitis differs? The role of mesalamine in treatment? It's time to re-explore a disease that you thought you knew!
Evolving diets in GI Disease 2019 Raymond/GallagherPatricia Raymond
As presented 09/2019 at RMSGNA: In the 50's , doctors recommended smoking for your health. More recently gastroenterologists told patients with ulcers to drink milk and eat bread to heal.
Are you using new science based dietary information for your patients? It's time to update your timeworn dietary strategies and handouts. Join us and review the science on recent advances in dietary management for gastrointestinal disorders: Fatty liver, IBS, IBD, Gastroparesis, Post gastric bypass, Diverticulosis, Cirrhosis, and more!
Examine historical misinformation in dietary management of gastrointestinal disorders
Describe the emerging evidence supporting the primary role of dietary therapies in digestive disease including Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth, Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Gastroparesis, Pancreatitis, Post-Gastric Bypass, and Diverticulitis.
Identify the role of the Registered Dietitian and the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach to the management of digestives diseases
Know GI Inside & Out? Recognizing Skin Lesions of GI DisordersPatricia Raymond
Skin lesions seen with disorders of the digestive tract are not rare; would you recognize and correctly correlate erythema nodosum, dermatitis herpetiformis, pyoderma gangrenosum? Those were easy-- how about pyoderma vegetans, pyostomatitis vegetans, sweet’s syndrome, xanthomas, tripe palms, palmoplantar keratoderma, or trichilemmomas? Stumped?
Join us and learn the art of GI diagnosis without resorting to our endoscopes.
Fun Functional Gallbladder Disorders: Update on Hypo and Hyperkinetic Gallbla...Patricia Raymond
Functional gallbladder disorder is biliary pain from motility disturbance in the absence of gallstones, sludge, or microcrystal disease. In patients with biliary-type pain and a normal US, the prevalence is 8% men and 21% women. We will review the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of patients with suspected functional gallbladder disorder, and also address current evaluation and management of sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
Cyst Assist: Pancreatic Cyst Evaluation & ManagementPatricia Raymond
This document provides an overview of pancreatic cyst evaluation and management. It discusses the prevalence of incidentally detected pancreatic cysts on imaging and categorizes cysts as benign, pseudocysts, or one of four subtypes of pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs): serous cystic tumors, mucinous cystic neoplasms, intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, and solid pseudopapillary neoplasms. For each PCN subtype, it describes characteristics such as patient demographics, location, risk of malignancy, and management guidelines. It also reviews guidelines for managing pseudocysts and outlines the endoscopic, percutaneous, and surgical drainage options with expected outcomes. In summary,
Kudos To You: Learning your Kudo Pit Patterns and Paris Polyp ClassificationsPatricia Raymond
We've told patients that we won't know about their polyps until after the pathology report is back; turns out that's not precisely true. Today's excellence in optics provides an accurate instantaneous assessment of the histology of colon polyps which may help in decision making during colonoscopy.
Did you know that if a polyp has a type 5 Kudo pit pattern, 50% were invasive cancers to the submucosal layer? What is it about that scary polyp that raises your hackles? Join us in this highly interactive session where we'll learn Kudo pit patterns as well as Paris polyp classifications to elevate your GI procedure reporting and your patient care.
Describe the emerging evidence supporting the primary role of Kudo Pit Patterns in visual inspection of in situ polyps, and demonstrate your ability to identify the patterns
Authentication of Kudo Pits
Pits and their risks
Images of Kudo pits
Quiz of Kudo Pits
Discuss the potential and shortcomings of the Paris Polyp Classification, and demonstrate an ability to classify the polyp shape
Polyp shapes and and their risks (pedunculated, elevated, depressed)
Images of polyps for Paris classification
Polyps and their risks
Quiz of polyp shapes
Concerns regarding interobserver variability
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis affects 1 in 10,000 to 30,000 Americans who experience 100% risk of colon cancer, and FAP doesn't end with a total colectomy for removal of their hundreds of polyps.
Follow this journey of two real FAP patients through pancreatitis from symptomatic ampulla polyps, surgical resection of giant small bowel polyps, bowel obstruction from abdominal desmoid tumors, and Wilm's tumor of the kidney. How do we diagnose, monitor and support our FAP patients? Can pharmacotherapy reduce risk of polyp growth in FAP? What are the extracolonic manifestations of the APC gene mutation? Our responsibility doesn't end when the colon does.
Bored with Barretts: Diagnosing Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia, Meckels, & Pa...Patricia Raymond
We all know what to do with the border disorder that is Barretts, but what about other mucosal heterotopia: intestinal mucosa in the stomach, stomach mucosa in the intestine, pancreas mucosa in the stomach...what's going on with all this meandering mucosa? Join us for a discussion about how to diagnose and manage various misplaced gastrointestinal mucosa.
Discuss the natural history of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and construct proper endoscopic surveillance and mapping guidelines
Epidemiology and risk factors
Complete and incomplete, types I-III based on mucin expression
Risk of progression to cancer
Proper surveillance and endoscopic mapping
Management
35 min
Meckels
Describe the presumed anatomical development of Meckel's Diverticulum, summarize the 'Rule Of Twos', formulate management of a Meckel's associated cryptic bleed
Who was Meckel
Epidemiology and risk factors
Rule of twos
Risk of bleed
Management
10 min
Pancreatic Rests
Discuss the natural history of Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and construct proper endoscopic surveillance and mapping guidelines
Review the endoscopic appearance of the Pancreatic Rest, discuss rare symptoms attributable to the finding and current endoscopic evaluation and management
Endoscopic appearance
Anatomic development
Risks for pancreatitis, cancer, obstruction
Endoscopic and surgical management
10 min
The document discusses the visual examination of the belly and navel from anatomical, historical, social, and medical perspectives. Anatomically, the navel is located at the midpoint of the body and develops from the umbilical cord that nourishes the fetus. Historically, many religions and cultures have ascribed spiritual or theological significance to the navel. Medically, examination of the navel can provide clues to intra-abdominal diseases and conditions. Variations in navel appearance like outies can occur normally or indicate issues like hernias.
Do You Believe in Reflux: Idiopathic Pulmonary FibrosisPatricia Raymond
Recent studies suggest that if you have IPF (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis), that you may not perceive the GERD (reflux) that you have, and that this acid reflux may cause the fibrosis to progress. Ask for proper testing and treatment to see if you are one of the almost 80% of IPF patients who have reflux, often silent reflux.
This document summarizes key points from a presentation on restoring hospitality to hospital care. It emphasizes treating the whole person, not just the disease, and using a patient-centered approach. This involves greeting patients with courtesy, making them feel comfortable, clearly explaining their treatment plan, and finding ways to bring joy to difficult situations. The goal is to win by treating the person, not just curing the disease.
Hospitals have become unfriendly places for patients to be in…rushed, harried staff simply doesn’t have the time to provide the personal touch anymore…or can we? Delighted patients refer their friends and return for repeat procedures.
The ‘Spa Hospital’ addresses our patients’ needs with low or no cost techniques adapted from those used at spas. Attention will also be given to reception and departure from unit, patient privacy concerns, and their lasting impression with reviews of medical literature supporting these techniques.
Diverticulitis: Popular Misconceptions and New ManagementPatricia Raymond
Of course, it's not about just avoiding nuts and seeds. However, do you know how many attacks you can endure before suggesting a resection? How to manage young or immunosuppressed patients with diverticulitis? How Eastern (asian)diverticulitis differs? The role of mesalamine in treatment? It's time to re-explore a disease that you thought you knew!
This document contains information from a gastroenterologist on various gastrointestinal conditions including secretory diarrhea, Giardia infection, celiac disease, lactose intolerance, protein-losing enteropathy, small bowel bacterial overgrowth, irritable bowel syndrome, mesenteric ischemia, and Whipple's disease. It includes diagnostic criteria, clinical features, diagnostic tests, treatment recommendations, and prevalence statistics for each condition.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
Time-lapse embryo monitoring is an advanced imaging technique used in IVF to continuously observe embryo development. It captures high-resolution images at regular intervals, allowing embryologists to select the most viable embryos for transfer based on detailed growth patterns. This technology enhances embryo selection, potentially increasing pregnancy success rates.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Pretest
• What are “Liver Function Tests” verses
“Liver Tests”?
• What does SGOT/SGPT ratio tell you about
the etiology of the liver damage?
• What about AP out of proportion to TA
elevation?
• Do you know how to calculate discriminant
function? What do you do with it?
LiverDance
26. Baby Steps: Learn the Liver Dance
Determine “Style”
based on labs
Directed History
Directed Physical
More Labs
Imaging studies or
biopsy
LiverDance