DESCRIPTION OF DISSERTATION

1. DISSERTATION ON
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MANUAL VS. DIGITAL DRAWING IN THIRD YEAR
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION STUDY
SUBMITTED BY
MOHD REHMAN
M.ARCH-(1ST SEMESTER)
GUIDED BY
AR. M.AMIR KHAN
(ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR)
AR. RAJNI TANEJA
(ASSISTANT PROFESSOR)
FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
JAMIA MILLA ISLAMIA
NEW DELHI- 110025

2. TITLE
In the realm of architecture education, the debate between traditional hand drawing and modern digital drawing methods
has garnered significant attention. With the advent of digital technology, educators face the challenge of integrating new
tools while preserving the foundational principles of architecture expression. This comparative analysis seeks to explore the
effectiveness of hand drawing versus digital drawing as teaching methods in architecture education.
Aim:
The aim of this research is to compare and contrast the efficacy of hand drawing and digital drawing in facilitating skill
development, creativity, and overall learning outcomes among students of B.Arch. 3rd year in building construction and
technology study.
OBJECTIVE:
• To assess the effectiveness of hand drawing and digital drawing in developing fundamental architecture skills .
• To compare student engagement, satisfaction, and perceived learning outcomes between hand drawing and digital
BCT classes.
• To identify potential challenges and benefits associated with integrating digital tools into BCT education.
Hand Drawing Versus Digital Drawing: A Comparative Analysis of drawing development approaches in Building Construction
studio.
INTRODUCTION

3. SCOPE AND NEEDS
• It will help tell the teachers on how building construction can also be taught, which can improve efficiency in
teaching.
• It also helps to address the problems faced by students in learning building construction technology.
• To discuss future teaching ways to make students learn in a better way.
Research question
• Does the medium of drafting impact learning of the students?
RESEARCH HYPHOTHESIS
The medium of drafting has a definite impact on the overall learning outcomes of architecture
Limitation
Delimitation
• The study is only based on 3rd year students.
• One limitation of this study may be the potential variance in students' prior experience and proficiency
levels in hand drawing and digital drawing, which could influence the outcomes of the comparative analysis

4. Research Methodology
AIM
SECONDARY
STUDY
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION
OBJECTIVES
METHOD ACTIVITY INTENT
Literature study
Case study
Case study of a current b.arch
session 3rd year studio
study of a international studio
Study of existing papers
Class excercise
Questionnaire
With college head ,teachers, and
students
Comparative study by
giving student a class
excercise
Data
collection of
current
situation
To identify
the better
way of
teaching
BMCT in 3rd
year studio.
Objective 1 and 2
Current
scenario of
teaching
technique
Objective 3and 4
• A comprehensive review of literature on hand drawing, digital drawing, and architecture education will be conducted to establish
a theoretical framework and identify relevant areas for analysis.
• Students enrolled in architecture programs at educational institution in 3rd year will be recruited as participants. Participants will
be divided into groups and similar Building construction problem and test will be given, one group will do the work manually and
other group will do the work using computer aided drawing, the result will be analysed. And conclusion will be given.
• A questionnaire among the educators.
PRIMARY
STUDY

5. Literature Review
Paper Title
Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
The comparative
effects of manual
drafting and computer
assisted drafting on
secondary students'
sectional view and
auxiliary view drawings
Glenn R. Smith Jr.
1997
The purpose of this study was
to investigate the
comparative effects CAD and
manual drafting have on the
effectiveness of teaching
technical drawing techniques
to secondary students,
The researcher, as the
teacher, taught the concepts
of the two technical drawing
techniques, sectional view
and auxiliary view drawings.
During each section of the
study, one group was
assigned to complete
drawings using the
computer assisted drafting
method and the other group
used the manual tools and
methods.
The researcher concluded
that both manual and
CAD are acceptable
methods of teaching
sectional view and
auxiliary view drawings. It
also concluded that it will
cad drawing is time
consuming.
PAPER 1

6. Paper Title
Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
Comparison of
Conventional and
Computer-aided
Drafting Methods from
the View of Time and
Drafting Quality
Aysen Ozkan
Kemal Yildirim,
2006
The purpose of this study was
to determine the effects of
conventional and computer-
aided drafting (CAD)
techniques on drafting
performances of design
students.
The research was conducted
on 18 male students
selected among the 4th year
students at Gazi University.
Selected students, had
previous experience using
conventional drafting (hand
drawing) and CAD
techniques. The data for the
present study were obtained
in the conventional and
computer classrooms at
daytime classes during the
weekdays.
The educators should
increase the drafting
applications for the
design students, so that
drafting success can
become more efficient for
those entering the
profession.
PAPER 2

7. Literature Review
Paper Title
Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
CAD using preference
compared to hand
drafting in architectural
working drawings
coursework
Mohamed Fakhry,
Islam Kamel,
Ahmed Abdelaal
2021
This paper aims to evaluate
educators’ and students’
preferences for either
computer-aided design (CAD)
or traditional hand drafting in
working drawings coursework
The researcher, as the
teacher, taught the concepts
of the two technical drawing
techniques, sectional view
and auxiliary view drawings.
During each section of the
study, one group was
assigned to complete
drawings using the
computer assisted drafting
method and the other group
used the manual tools and
methods.
The researcher concluded
that students prefer to
use the CAD method
more than educators
(18% difference) possibly
due to the students’ age,
which makes them aware
of CAD software.
Due to its speed and cost-effectiveness over manual drafting, students also favored the computer-aided design (CAD) method. Still, most respondents felt that understanding working
drawings is negatively impacted by the CAD method's usage of copy instructions for earlier projects. Furthermore, the majority of them favored the
Using a handwriting technique, take notes while visiting sites. Ultimately, they realize that the training for producing drawings ought to incorporate both hand and CAD drafting
techniques.
PAPER 3

8. Literature Review
Paper Title
Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
The Impact Of Digital
Architecture On
Freehand Sketches
Through Design Process
Ehab Nasr Elden
Ahamed
Mohamed
2014
This study aims to illustrate
the theoretical aspects of the
design phases impacted by
the digital revolution,
whether in a positive or
negative way, and the degree
to which it contributes to
increasing the productivity of
designers, particularly when
it comes to the
recommendation to lessen
the importance of freehand
sketches.
The researcher, used
questionnaire and asked the
students and teachers the
better mode of drawing.
The researcher concluded
that manual drawing is
the primary source of
idea which should be
used to draw any problem
while digital tools should
be used to present your
ideas.
PAPER 4

9. Literature Review
Paper Title Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
Comparison of CAD and
manual sketching tools
for teaching
architectural design
Rahinah Ibrahim ,
Farzad Pour
Rahimian
2010
This study aims to use this
study to formulate a
theoretical foundation for
developing an alternative
digital design medium for
better supporting the
conceptual architectural
design education. The main
aim is to understand the
current state of
communication among
novice design team
members.
The researchers conducted
a case study research to
understand novice
designers' collaboration
culture when working on
conceptual architectural
design projects. The overall
case study research involves
1) ethnography for data
collection and 2) artifact and
protocol analyses for data
analysis
The researcher based on
the reported ethnography
study ,the three dominant
types of sketching
modes—i.e. fully
manual, mixed and fully
digital—used by the
students and their studio
mentors guide to divide
cases into three groups
respectively and tell the
result.
PAPER 5

10. Literature Review
Paper Title Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
Effects of the Use of
Computer Aided Design
(CAD) on Architecture:
A Quantitative
Approach
Olukoya Obafemi
A. P. , Kuti
Oluwaseun M
This study aims to study if
CAD in architectural practice
and education have a
retrogressive effect on the
mental efficacy of
contemporary students in
institutions and largely,
architects in practice
The researchers conducted
an interview with 20 CAD
users and using their
information an analysis was
done .
Computer-Aided Design
(CAD) is a mere tool that
assists the drafting
procedure. It has no place
in the thinking process
and has very little
influence on the initial
stages of design. It is only
a physical tangible tool
which transforms the
abstraction of the user
into reality on the
paperless board
PAPER 6

11. Literature Review
Paper Title Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF
IMPACTS ON DESIGN
THINKING BY USING
AUTOCAD AND MANUAL
DRAFTING IN THE
SCHEMATIC DESIGN STAGE
Hettithanthri U. 1
& Munasinghe H.
2019
This study aims to study on
the manner in which these
computer aided tools will
affect students’ design
thinking. It is believed by
many lecturers that exposure
to computer aided drafting
medium at the early design
stage will impact students’
design thinking negatively in
practice.
This is a qualitative research
conducted via the study of
20 students. For this study,
students in the first
semester of their second
year were selected, out of
which 20 students were
selected for the study based
on the medium they were
using for the given design
projects.
It was evident that the
use of AutoCAD has made
the process easier and
faster, but it was
significant that the digital
medium has generated a
lower stimulant on the
design thinking of
students. Manual drafting
222 has generated more
sensible design solutions
than AutoCAD.
PAPER 7

12. Literature Review
Paper Title Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
Empirical Investigation
Into The Effect Of
Computeraided Design
(Cad) On The Manual
Drafting Skills Of
Undergraduate
Architecture Students
Utibe Emmanuel
Akah
Luna Edidem
Bassey
Edidiong Etim
Ukpong 2021
The study is on the effect of
CAD on architecture students'
manual drafting skill will
cover the major issues
affecting the students'
shortcomings of manual
drafting by engaging the
strengths of CAD.
The population of the study
was recorded as 263
students, comprising of
various students from
different academic levels of
undergraduate study in the
Department of Architecture,
University of Uyo and their
data were analysed after
test surveys and
questionnaire.
Computer Aided Design
(CAD) is a mere tool that
assists the drafting
procedure. It has no place
in the thinking process
and has very little
influence on the initial
stages of design.
PAPER 8

13. Literature Review
Paper Title Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
Effect of Computer
Aided Drafting on
Manual Drafting Skills
Mohd Rafeeq Ur
Rahman,
Mohammed Iqbal
Khatib, P. Seema
Rani, Shahin
Shaikh,
Gunashekar.G
2019
This study gives a
comparative analysis of
manual drawing with CAD
A comparative literature
study as done.
By adopting both manual
drafting as well as
computer aided drafting
skills students will be
getting hands on
experience and more
accurate while dealing
with complex engineering
drawings respectively
PAPER 9

14. Literature Review
Paper Title Author Name and
Year
Intent Process Outcome
Inference
Effect of Computer
Aided Drafting on
Manual Drafting Skills
Mohd Rafeeq Ur
Rahman,
Mohammed Iqbal
Khatib, P. Seema
Rani, Shahin
Shaikh,
Gunashekar.G
2019
This study gives a
comparative analysis of
manual drawing with CAD
A comparative literature
study as done.
By adopting both manual
drafting as well as
computer aided drafting
skills students will be
getting hands on
experience and more
accurate while dealing
with complex engineering
drawings respectively
PAPER 9