The document discusses the use of literal and figurative language, emphasizing their definitions and examples. It includes activities for students to identify and differentiate between direct and hidden meanings in sentences, and various figures of speech like similes, metaphors, and idioms. Additionally, there is a prayer for wisdom and understanding, along with interactive activities for student engagement.

1. Literal and
Figurative
Language
MAYO E. MEDFORD

2. PRAYER
Lord, we thank you for granting us this opportunity to come together in this
fashion to increase our knowledge. Lord, you said that if anyone lacks wisdom,
they should ask you and you will give liberally without reservation. I pray today
that you grant us wisdom, knowledge and understanding.
Increase our capacity, Lord, as we learn. Give us understanding, Oh God, that we
will be able to grasp whatever is being taught. May what we receive today be
beneficial to our growth and development.
2

3. 3
In speaking, we can express ourselves and
our ideas straightforwardly by using the
words or phrases that we exactly mean.
On the other hand, we can also say it in an
imaginative way to create an image or
suggest an idea.

4. PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY:
Fill up the missing letters to make
the phrases.
4

5. ACTIVITY 1 (A)
Pair Activity. The students will look for their partners, then read and answer the activity
below.
(1 minute will be allotted for this task) Write DM on the blank if the sentence before the
number is expressing a direct meaning and HM if there is a hidden or another meaning.
_______1. I‘m so hungry, I could eat a horse.
_______2. He was late to dinner.
_______3. The field is calm and quiet.
_______4. The sky is full of dancing stars.
_______5. I stayed up late last night, I‘m so tired!
5

6. Literal language is used to mean exactly what is
written. It is simply stating the facts as they are.
For example:
It was raining a lot, so I rode the bus.
In this example of literal language, the writer means to
explain exactly what is written:
that he or she chose to ride the bus because of the
heavy rain.

7. Figurative language is used to mean something other than what is
written, something symbolic, suggested, or implied. It uses words or
expressions with a meaning that is different from the literal interpretation.
Examples are the idioms or idiomatic expressions and the different figures of
speech such as simile, metaphor, hyperbole, personification, synecdoche
and metonymy.
For example:
It was raining cats and dogs, so I rode the bus.
In this example of figurative language, there were not actually cats and dogs
falling from rain clouds, instead, the rain felt so heavy and large that it was
almost as if small animals were falling from the sky!

8. 1.SIMILE- is a comparison of two unlike things using as or like.
Example: Jamie runs as fast as the wind.
2.METAPHOR- is an implied comparison of two unlike things without the
use of as or like.
Example: Her voice is music to his ears.
3.HYPERBOLE - is a figure of speech (a form of irony) in which
exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect; an extravagant statement.
Example: I am so hungry I could eat a horse.

9. 4. PERSONIFICATION - is a figure of speech where human qualities are given to animals,
objects or ideas
Example: The flame of the candle danced in the dark
5.SYNECDOCHE - a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole
for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special
Example: He will bring his wheels to the outing on Saturday.
6.METONYMY -is a word or phrase that is used to stand in for another word.
Example: We must wait to hear from the crown until we make any further decisions.
(crown - in place of a royal person)
7.IDIOM-(also called idiomatic expression) is an expression, word, or phrase that has a
figurative meaning.
Example: spill the beans - tell a secret.
My three-year-old spilled the beans about the surprise birthday party we were planning.

10. ACTIVITY 2 (B)
The following questions will be raised for more discussions of the lessons.
Students will answer the following questions orally in continuation of the
previous activity.
1. How did you arrive with your answers?
2. Do you have a clue in identifying sentences with direct meaning? If so, what
is it?
3. Do you have a clue in identifying sentences with hidden meaning? If so, what
is it?
4. Compare the sentences with direct meaning to the sentences with hidden
meaning.

11. 11
ACTIVITY 3
Tell whether the underlined phrase in each number
used literal or figurative language. Write L on the
space before the number if literal and F if
figurative.
1.Cathy‘s favorite snack is bread and butter.
2. I worked as a bartender for a year, and it
was the tips that were my bread and butter.
3.This assignment is a piece of cake.
4.I saw him yesterday because we rode in
the same boat.
5.She's always complaining that she doesn't
have enough money, but we're all in the
same boat.
6. Her eyes are as blue as the sky.
7. The sky is blue for the weather is fine.
8. The young lady is beautiful like a fairy.
9. The baby slept in the lap of its mother.
10. I looked for Mary and Samantha at the
bus station.

12. ACTIVITY 4
GAMEIFICATION. Group yourselves in five. List down as
many figures of speech as you can in both Filipino and English
language. Make sure the entries are numbered. In a draw lots
system, the teacher will yell out a number and one member
from each group will race to the front of the class to read their
entry. The group with the most entries will win.

13. THANK YOU
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For listening and participating!