Lindsey Hamilton, Exploring drivers of fecal coliform pollution trends in South Puget Sound
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This document summarizes trends in fecal coliform pollution in South Puget Sound growing areas and the impact of water quality restoration efforts. Over 25 years, 5 out of 8 growing areas showed declining fecal coliform trends. Case studies of Oakland Bay and Burley Lagoon found that implementation of agricultural best management practices, stormwater infrastructure improvements, septic repairs and upgrades, and other actions corresponded with reductions in fecal coliform levels over time. The authors conclude that well-funded septic maintenance programs, support for agricultural pollution prevention, and sustained funding for Shellfish Protection Districts are needed to continue improving water quality.
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Lindsey Hamilton, Exploring drivers of fecal coliform pollution trends in South Puget Sound
- 1. Exploring Drivers of Fecal Coliform Pollution Trends in South Puget Sound Authors: Lindsey Hamilton, Scott Berbells, Lawrence Sullivan, Jean Snyder Washington State Department of Health
- 2. Washington Commercial Shellfish • 105 Growing Areas • 270 million dollar industry • Cultural Significance
- 3. Commercial Shellfish Regulation • WA Department of Health (DOH) is the designated shellfish authority • National Shellfish Sanitation Program • RCW 90.72.030 requires formation of Shellfish Protection District when a growing area is downgraded
- 4. Shellfish Protection Districts 14 active Shellfish Protection Districts doing water quality restoration Stormwater Agriculture On-site Sewage Pet Waste
- 5. How are we doing? • How have fecal coliform levels in marine waters changed over the last 25 years? • Are trends driven by changing environmental factors or water quality restoration efforts? • What restoration actions seemed to have had significant impacts on water quality?
- 6. South Sound Study Areas 8 Growing Areas • Henderson Inlet • Nisqually Reach • Totten Inlet • Oakland Bay • Filucy Bay • Vaughn Bay • Rocky Bay • Burley Lagoon South Puget Sound, Washington
- 7. Growing Area Trend Analysis By Season Multiple Linear Regression = α + β1 + β2 + β3 + β4 Fecal Coliform Salinity Surface Water Temp Rainfall (API) Sample Date (Helsel and Hirsch, 2011)
- 8. General Results - No increasing trends - Declining trends in 5 out of 8 growing areas - Comparable to Puget Sound wide results
- 9. Henderson Inlet Trends By Season Multiple Stormwater Infrastructure Improvements FecalColiformGeometric Meansfc/100ml Nov - Feb Mar - Oct
- 10. FECALCOLIFORMFC/100ML(LOGSCALE) Min Max Estimated 10th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 90th Percentile OAKLAND BAY FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS AND RESTORATION TIMELINE 1989 - 2015 920 240 240 920 240 240 540220 240 350130 140 130 170130 170 110 130 170
- 11. Restoration Timelines 1989 2015 Agricultural BMPs Stormwater Retrofits Pet Waste Campaigns Septic Repairs Wildlife Exclusions
- 12. FECALCOLIFORMFC/100ML(LOGSCALE) WATERQUALITY RESTORATION ACTIONS Min Max Estimated 10th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 90th PercentileOAKLAND BAY FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS AND RESTORATION TIMELINE 1989 - 2015 BMP Implementation Mason County Septic O&M Program Chapman Cove BMPs Oakland Bay Action PlanOakland Bay Watershed Project Stormwater Infrastructure Improvement Project Shorebank Craft3 Shellfish Protection District Formed Marine Recovery Area Project Shelton WWTP Upgrades 920 240 240 920 240 240 540220 240 350130 140 130 170130 170 110 130 170
- 13. Chapman Cove In Oakland Bay ROLLING ESTIMATED 90TH PERCENTILES FOR CHAPMAN COVE STATIONS 1989-2015 Farm plans and agricultural best management practices implemented. 119 128 639 615 FecalColiformfc/100ml
- 14. FECALCOLIFORMFC/100ML WATERQUALITY RESTORATION ACTIONS Min Max Estimated 10th Percentile Geometric Mean Estimated 90th Percentile Kitsap Prevention / Restoration Project Pierce County Septic Grant and Loan Program Ongoing Kitsap County Prevention/Restoration Remedial Action Project Shellfish Protection District formed Extensive Ag. BMPs Kitsap Farm Planning EPA Watersheds Project Kitsap Directed PIC Kitsap County Craft3 Clean Water Loans BURLEY LAGOON FECAL COLIFORM TRENDS AND RESTORATION TIMELINE 1989 - 2015 NPDES Phase I Stormwater Permit NPDES Phase II Stormwater Permit Pierce Co. Ag. BMPsPierce Shellfish Partners Formed Pierce County Farm Planning 540 350 1600 240 350 350 350 920 540 350 540 350 240 350 240130130170130170170 170170
- 15. Conditionally Approved Area of Burley Lagoon Both Kitsap and Pierce Counties implemented agricultural BMPs and OSS repairs in watershed. 339 340 338 FecalColiformfc/100ml ROLLING ESTIMATED 90TH PERCENTILES FOR NORTHERN CONDITIONALLY APPROVED MARINE STATIONS NEAR MOUTH OF BURLEY CREEK 1989-2015 Both Kitsap County and Pierce Counties implemented grant and low interest loan programs, land owner incentives, and pollution identification and correction projects.
- 16. What We Think • All watersheds should have well organized and funded septic operations and maintenance programs, combined with cost share programs. • There should be adequately funded and staffed programs to provide education, and technical and financial assistance to agricultural operations. • We need sustained funding for all of our Shellfish Protection Districts.