Light can be reflected from surfaces. Reflection occurs when light rays bounce off surfaces. There are two types of reflection: regular reflection and irregular reflection. Regular reflection produces clear images from smooth surfaces like mirrors. Irregular reflection scatters light rays in many directions from rough surfaces. The angle of incidence of a light ray equals the angle of reflection. Reflection has many uses like periscopes, seeing objects, medical diagnostics, and optical communications.

1. Light
Dhatri bhat

2. learning objectives
WHAT MAKES THINGS VISIBLE?
LAWS OF REFLECTION
REGULAR AND DIFFUSED REFLECTION
REFLECTED LOGHT CAN BE REFLECTED AGAIN
MULTIPLE IMAGES
SUNLIGHT- WHITE OR COLOURED
WHAT IS INSIDE OUR EYES
CARE OF THE EYES

3. learning objectives
VISUALLY IMPAIRED PERSONS CAN READ AND WRITE
BRAILLE SYSTEM
ASSIGNMENT

4. By dhatri
Ioítki⭲gsto bc :isiblctkcícaíctwo
ractoís.I
i
í
s
tiswkc⭲ a
⭲objcct ícacts
witk itss"íío"⭲di⭲gs.A⭲ cxamplc or
tkis wo"ld Qo" ca⭲⭲ot scc a black
colo"ícat at ⭲igktb"t i
tbccomcs
:isiblcwkc⭲ tkc backgío"⭲diswkitc.
ľkcscco⭲d ractoíis:isiblcligkt. ľkcícis
a sct or a ba⭲d or ligktstkat aíc
dctcctcd bQ tkc k"ma⭲ cQc.
Wkc⭲ tkcsc ligktsaícdctcctcd bQ tkc
cQc, i
tgcts co⭲:cítcdi
⭲
t
owa:clc⭲gtks
tkat aíc"⭲dcístoodbQ o"íb
í
a
i
⭲
.
What makes
things visible?

5. 1. ľkclaw or ícrlcctio⭲dcri⭲cs tkat
"po⭲ ícrlcctio⭲ríoma smootk
s"íracc,tkc a⭲glcor tkc ícrlcctcdí
a
Q
iscq"al to tkc a⭲glcor tkc
i⭲cidc⭲tí
a
Q
,witk ícspcct to tkc
⭲oímalto tkc s"íracctkat isto a
l
i
⭲
cpcípc⭲dic"laíto tkc s"íracc at
tkc poi⭲tor co⭲tact.
2. ľkcícrlcctcdí
a
QisalwaQs i
⭲tkc
pla⭲cdcri⭲cdbQ tkc i⭲cidc⭲tí
a
Q
a⭲dtkc ⭲oímalto tkc s"íraccat tkc
poi⭲tor co⭲tact or tkc i⭲cidc⭲tí
a
Q
.
Laws of reflection

6. ● Rcg"laí Rcrlcctio⭲:
● ľkcpla⭲cm
i
í
í
o
í
switk a smootk s"íracc píod"cc
tkis tQpc or ícrlcctio⭲.I
⭲tkis casc, tkc
imagc isclcaía⭲dis:cíQ m"ck :isiblc.ľkc
imagcs píod"ccd bQ pla⭲cm
i
í
í
o
í
saícalwaQs
:iít"
a
l
,tkat is tkcQ ca⭲⭲otbc collcctcd o⭲
a scícc⭲.
● I
⭲tkc casc or c"í:cdm
i
í
í
o
í
switk a smootk
s"íracc,wc ca⭲scc tkc imagcs or ícrlcctio⭲
citkcí:iít"allQo
íí
c
a
l
l
Q
. ľkatis,tkc imagcs
píod"ccd bQ c"í:cd m
i
í
í
o
í
sca⭲bc citkcíí
c
a
l
(collcctcd o⭲a scícc⭲a⭲dscc⭲),o
í:iít"al
(ca⭲⭲otbc collcctcd o⭲a scícc⭲,b"t o⭲lQ
scc⭲).
Continued

7. ● I
í
í
c
g
"
l
a
íRcrlcctio⭲:
● U⭲likcm
i
í
í
o
í
s
,most ⭲
a
t
"
í
a
ls"íraccsaíc
ío"gko⭲tkc scalc or tkc
wa:clc⭲gtk or ligkt,a⭲d, as a
co⭲scq"c⭲cc, paíallcl i⭲cidc⭲t
ligktíaQsaícícrlcctcd i
⭲ma⭲Q
dirrcíc⭲tdiícctio⭲s i
í
í
c
g
"
l
a
í
l
Q
,o
í
dirr"sclQ.Hc⭲cc, dirr"sc
ícrlcctio⭲kclps i
⭲scci⭲g tkc
objccts a⭲disícspo⭲siblc r
o
ítkc
abilitQto scc most ill"mi⭲atcd
s"íraccs ríom a⭲Q positio⭲.
Regular and irregular
reflection

9. ● Wkat isA⭲glcor Rcrlcctio⭲?
● ľkca⭲glcor ícrlcctio⭲Θ
íor a í
a
Qis
tkc a⭲glcmcas"ícd ríom tkc
ícrlcctcdí
a
Qto tkc ⭲oímal s"íracc.
● Calc"latio⭲ o
r A⭲glc or
I⭲cidc⭲cc a
⭲
d A⭲glc or
Rcrlcctio⭲
● ľkca⭲glcor i⭲cidc⭲cca⭲dtkc
a⭲glcor ícrlcctio⭲a
í
ccalc"latcd bQ
díawi⭲ga ⭲oímal l
i
⭲
ctkat is
pcípc⭲dic"laíto tkc ícrlccti⭲g
s"íracc.
Angle of reflection and
angle of incidence

10. S.No. Regular Reflection Irregular Reflection
1
It occurs when all the reflected
rays from a given smooth
surface are parallel for parallel
incident rays.
It occurs when for a given set of
incident parallel rays, the
reflected rays do not remain
parallel to each other.
2
This occurs from smooth
surfaces like a mirror, silver
spoon, etc.
This occurs from rough surfaces
like wood, table, door, book, etc.
3 The image is formed and seen.
It helps to see objects. No
images.

11. Difference
between concave
and convex
mirrors

12. Co⭲ca:c M
i
í
í
o
í
s
:
Co⭲ca:c m
i
í
í
o
í
sgi:c í
c
a
l
,i⭲:cítcdimagcs i
rtkc objcct is
bcQo⭲d tkc roc"s a⭲da :iít"
a
l
,cícct,c⭲laígcdimagc i
r
tkc objcct kas a dista⭲cclcss tka⭲tkc rocal
lc⭲gtkríomtkc polc or tkc m
i
í
í
o
í
.Uscs of Co⭲ca:c M
i
í
í
o
í
s
:
1.Co⭲ca:c m
i
í
í
o
í
saíc"scd i
⭲toíckcs, scaíckligkts,
a⭲dkcadligkts or :ckiclcs to gct powcír"l
paíallclbcams or ligkt.
2.Co⭲ca:c m
i
í
í
o
í
saícalso "scd as ska:i⭲g m
i
í
í
o
í
sto
scc a l
a
í
g
c
íimagc or tkc racc.
«.Kc⭲tists"sc co⭲ca:c m
i
í
í
o
í
sto scc biggcí
imagcs or tkc tcctk or tkc patic⭲ts.
4.4) Ḻaígcco⭲ca:c m
i
í
í
o
í
saíc"scd to roc"s s"⭲ligktto
píod"cc kcat i
⭲tkc solaír"í⭲accs.
Co⭲:cx M
i
í
í
o
í
s
:
Co⭲:cx M
i
í
í
o
í
s alwaQs gi:c a :
ií
t
"
a
l
, cícct,
dimi⭲iskcd imagc or tkc objcct bcki⭲d tkc
m
i
í
í
o
í
.
Uscs of Co⭲:cx M
i
í
í
o
í
s
:
1. ľkcco⭲:cx m
i
í
í
o
íis"scd as a sidc-:icw
m
i
í
í
o
íi
⭲:ckiclcs to gi:c a smallcí:icw or tkc
:ckiclcs comi⭲g ríombcki⭲d.
2. ľkcQaíc"scd i
⭲skops a⭲ds"pcímaíkcts a⭲d
a⭲Qotkcíplacc wkcíc tkcícisa ícq"iícmc⭲tr
o
í
dctccti⭲gb"íglaís.
«.Co⭲:cxm
i
í
í
o
í
saíc"scd i
⭲maki⭲g lc⭲scsor
s"⭲glasscs.
4.Co⭲:cx m
i
í
í
o
í
saíc"scd i
⭲mag⭲irQi⭲g
glasscs, a⭲dtclcscopcs.
5.Co⭲:cx m
i
í
í
o
í
s aí
c "scd to ícrlcct stícct ligkt;
bcca"sc tkcQ ca⭲ícrlccto:cía widc aíca.
6. Co⭲:cx m
i
í
í
o
í
s a
í
c kcpt a
t tkc s
t
í
c
c
t c
o
í
⭲
c
í
s to a:oid
collisio⭲s.

13. Uses of reflection

14. Uscs or Rcrlcctio⭲:
1. Rcrlcctio⭲is"scd i
⭲pcíiscopcs to :icw
ad:a⭲ci⭲gc⭲cmics o⭲tkc battlcricldríom a
sarc positio⭲.
2. Rcrlcctio⭲istkc ícaso⭲wkQ wc scc objccts.
«.Rcrlcctio⭲bQ a co⭲ca:c m
i
í
í
o
ía⭲da co⭲:cx m
i
í
í
o
íkas
ma⭲Q "scs as listcd abo:c.
4. Rcrlcctio⭲kclps i
⭲mcdical diag⭲osisa⭲d
optical comm"⭲icatio⭲s.
5. Ḻigkta⭲dSo"⭲d botk rollow tkc law or
ícrlccti
o
⭲,botk bci⭲gwa:cs.
6. Usi⭲gtkc law or ícrlcctio⭲r
o
íso"⭲d a⭲d ligkt,
wc ca⭲mcas"íc tkc dista⭲ccsacc"íatclQ to
objccts.
7. Rcrlcctio⭲istkc ícaso⭲wkQ wc kcaítkc
ccko or so"⭲d.
Wkc⭲ ligktpasscs ríom dc⭲scímcdi"m to ligktcí
mcdi"m at a
⭲a⭲glcmoíc tka⭲tkc cíiticala⭲glc
ícq"iícdr
o
íí
c
r
í
a
c
t
i
o
⭲
,tkc⭲tkc ligkt isícrlcctcdback i
⭲
t
o
tkc dc⭲scímcdi"m. ľkisisa pkc⭲omc⭲o⭲ callcd
ľotalI
⭲
t
c
í
⭲
a
lRcflcctio⭲ľkcpkc⭲omc⭲o⭲, total i
⭲
t
c
í
⭲
a
l
ícrlccti
o
⭲,istakc⭲ad:a⭲tagc i
⭲pipi⭲gligkti
⭲a
c"í:cdpatk. ľkcligktdiícctcddow⭲ a ⭲
a
í
í
o
wribc
íor
glass o
íplasticícpcatcdlQícrlcctsríom tkc r
i
b
c
í
-
a
i
í
i⭲tcíraccat l
a
í
g
c
ítka⭲tkc c
í
i
t
i
c
a
la⭲glc.Optical ribcís
ca⭲tía⭲smitligkto:cílo⭲g dista⭲ccs witko"t a⭲Q
loss or i
⭲
t
c
⭲
s
i
t
Q
.Scq"c⭲ccs or ligktp"lscs aíc
"scd to tía⭲smit i⭲roímatio⭲tkío"gk a
⭲optical r
i
b
cí
⭲ctwoík witk tkc kclp or tkis total i
⭲
t
c
í
⭲
a
lícrlcct
io
⭲.
Medical instíuments like‘endoscopes’ use the
total i
⭲
t
c
í
⭲
a
lícrlcctio⭲or ligkttkío"gk a
⭲optical r
i
b
c
í
b"⭲dlcto imagc i
⭲
t
c
í
⭲
a
loíga⭲s.

15. Regular and
diffused
reflection

16. Wkc⭲ alltkc paíallclíaQsícrlcctcdríoma pla⭲c
s"íraccaíc⭲otpaíallcl,tkc ícrlcctio⭲is k⭲ow⭲as
dirr"scd o
íi
í
í
c
g
"
l
a
íícrlccti
o
⭲.
Rcrlcctio⭲ríoma smootk s"íracclikctkat or a
m
i
í
í
o
íiscallcd í
c
g
"
l
a
íícrlccti
o⭲.Rcg"laí
ícrlcctio⭲
•I
⭲í
c
g
"
l
a
íícrlccti
o
⭲,tkc ícrlcctcdíaQsa
í
cpaíallclto
cack otkcí.
•Rcg"laíícrlcctio⭲occ"ísríoma ⭲icclQ
poliskcd í
c
g
"
l
a
íícrlccti:cs"íracc. Kirr"scd
ícrlcctio⭲
•I
⭲dirr"scd ícrlcct
io
⭲,tkc ícrlcctcdíaQsa
í
c
⭲otpaíallclto cack otkcí.
•I
tocc"ísríoma dirr"scd o
íi
í
í
c
g
"
l
a
ís"íracc.

17. Sunlight – white
coloured

18. Wkc⭲ tkc s"⭲íaQsc
⭲
t
c
ítkc caítk,tkcQ gct
distoítcdbQ tkc c
a
í
t
k
’
satmospkcíc, a
i
í
molcc"lcs, d"st, smokc a⭲dpoll"tio⭲.W c k⭲ow
tkat dirrcíc⭲tcoloísor tkc spcctí"m ka:c dirrcíc⭲t
wa:clc⭲gtks. ľkc skoít-wa:clc⭲gtk bl"c a⭲d:iolct
aícscattcícdmoíc tka⭲coloís at tkc lowcíc⭲dor tkc
spcctí"m wkick aíclcss casilQ scattcícd.
•Noon
•:Irtkc s"⭲iskigk o:cíkcad i
⭲tkc skQ, tkc íaQs
s"rrcítkc lcast amo"⭲t or i
⭲
t
c
í
r
c
í
c
⭲
c
c bcca"sc tkc
dista⭲ccco:cícd bQ tkcm istkc lcast at tkat
poi⭲ti
⭲timc. Co⭲scq"c⭲tlQ, tkc
bl"c ligktisscattcícda⭲dtkc skQ appcaís bl"c
wkcícas tkc coloíor s"⭲ligktappcaís Qcllow.
•Morning and Evening
•:K"íi⭲gtkc s"⭲íisca⭲ds"⭲sct,tkc s"⭲is⭲
c
a
ítkc
koíizo⭲d"c to wkick tkc ligktíaQska:c to tía:cla
l
o
⭲
g
c
ídista⭲cctkío"gktkc
atmospkcíc. As a ícs"lt,tkcícismoíc i
⭲
t
c
í
r
c
í
c
⭲
c
cwkick
ca"scs moíc scattcíi⭲g. Co⭲scq"c⭲tlQ,most or
tkc coloís,i⭲cl"di⭲gtkc bl"c as wcll as tkc
Qcllow aícscattcícdlca:i⭲g tkc ícdligkt.Hc⭲cc, tkc
coloíor s"⭲ligkt
appcaís i
⭲tkc ti⭲gcsor oía⭲gca⭲dícdd
"
í
i
⭲
gdaw⭲
a⭲dd"sk.

19. What is inside
our eyes?

20. ľkccQc isa
⭲impoíta⭲ta⭲do⭲cor tkc most
complcx sc⭲sc oíga⭲tkat wc k"ma⭲s a
í
c
c⭲dowcd witk. I
tkclps "s i
⭲:is"alizi⭲g
objccts a⭲dalso kclps "s i
⭲ligktpcíccptio⭲,
coloí,a⭲ddcptk pcíccptio⭲.Bcsidcs, tkcsc
sc⭲sc oíga⭲saícpícttQm"ck similaíto camcías, a⭲d
tkcQ kclp "s scc objccts wkc⭲ ligktcomi⭲g
ríomo"tsidc c
⭲
t
c
í
si
⭲
t
otkcm. ľkatbci⭲gsaid,i
t
isq"itc i
⭲
t
c
í
c
s
t
i
⭲
gto "⭲dcísta⭲dtkc stí"ct"íca⭲d
woíki⭲gor a k"ma⭲ cQc. I
tkclps "s also i
⭲
"⭲dcísta⭲di⭲g kow a camcía also actuallQ
functions. Lct’ska:c a gla⭲cc o⭲tkc k"ma⭲
cQc –i
t
’
sstí"ct"íca⭲d r"⭲ctio⭲.

21. •clcía:I
tistkc o"tcíco:cíi⭲g,a píotccti:c to"gk
wkitc laQcícallcd tkc sclcía(wkitc paítor tkc
cQc).
•Coí⭲ca:ľkcr
í
o
⭲
tt
í
a
⭲
s
p
a
í
c
⭲
tpaítor tkc sclcíais
callcd coí⭲ca.Ḻigktc
⭲
t
c
í
stkc cQc tkío"gktkc
coí⭲ca.
•I
í
i
s
:A daíkm"sc"laí tiss"c a⭲dí
i
⭲
g
-
likc stí"ct"íc
bcki⭲d tkc coí⭲caaíck⭲ow⭲as tkc i
í
i
s
.ľkccolo"íor
tkc i
í
i
sact"allQ i⭲dicatcstkc colo"íor tkc cQc. ľkc
i
í
i
salso kclps ícg"latc o
íadj"st cxpos"íc bQ
adj"sti⭲gtkc i
í
i
s
.
•Pupil: A small opc⭲i⭲gi
⭲tkc i
í
i
sisk⭲ow⭲as a
p"pil.Itssizc isco⭲tíollcdbQ tkc kclp or i
í
i
s
.I
t
co⭲tíolstkc amo"⭲t or ligkttkat c
⭲
t
c
í
stkc cQc.
•Lc⭲s:Bcki⭲d tkc p"pil,tkcícisa t
í
a
⭲
s
p
a
í
c
⭲
tstí"ct"íc
callcd a lc⭲s.BQ tkc actio⭲or c
i
l
i
a
í
Qm"sclcs, i
t
cka⭲gcs itsskapc to roc"s ligkto
⭲tkc í
c
t
i
⭲
a
.I
t
bccomcs t
k
i
⭲
⭲
c
íto roc"s dista⭲t objccts a⭲d
bccomcs tkickcíto roc"s ⭲caíbQ objccts.
•.
•Rcti⭲a:I
tisa ligkt-sc⭲siti:claQcítkat co⭲sists
or ⭲"mcío"s ⭲
c
í
:
ccclls.I
tco⭲:cítsimagcs roímcd bQ
tkc lc⭲si
⭲
t
oclcctíicalimp"lscs. ľkcsc clcctíical
imp"lscs aíctkc⭲tía⭲smittcd to tkc b
í
a
i
⭲tkío"gk
optic ⭲cí:cs.
•Optic ⭲cí:cs:Optic ⭲cí:csaícor two tQpcs.
ľkcsc i⭲cl"dcco⭲cs a⭲díods
1. Co⭲cs: Co⭲cs aíctkc ⭲
c
í
:
ccclls tkat a
í
cmoíc
sc⭲siti:cto bíigktligkt.ľkcQ kclp i
⭲dctailcd
c
c
⭲
t
í
a
la⭲dcolo"í:isio⭲.
2.Rods: Rods aíctkc optic ⭲
c
í
:
cccllstkat a
í
cmoíc
sc⭲siti:cto dim ligkts. ľkcQkclp i
⭲pcíipkcíal
:isio⭲.
At tkc j"⭲ctio⭲or tkc optic ⭲
c
í
:
ca⭲dí
c
t
i
⭲
a
,tkcícaíc⭲o
sc⭲soíQ⭲
c
í
:
ccclls.So ⭲o:isio⭲is possiblc at tkat
poi⭲ta⭲disk⭲ow⭲as a bli⭲d spot.

22. A⭲ cQc also co⭲sists or six m"sclcs. I
ti⭲cl"dcs
tkc mcdial ícct"s, latcíal ícct"s, s"pcíioí ícct"s,
i
⭲
r
c
í
i
o
í ícct"s, i
⭲
r
c
í
i
o
í obliq"c, a⭲d s"pcíioí obliq"c.
ľkc basic r"⭲ctio⭲ or tkcsc m"sclcs is to
pío:idc d
i
r
r
cí
c
⭲
t tc⭲sio⭲s a⭲d toíq"cs tkat r
"
í
t
k
c
í
c
o
⭲
t
í
o
l tkc mo:cmc⭲t or tkc cQc.
I"⭲ctio⭲or tkc H"ma⭲ EQc
As wc mc⭲tio⭲cd c
a
í
l
i
c
í tkat tkc cQc or a
k"ma⭲ bci⭲g is likc a camcía. M"ck likc tkc
clcctío⭲ic dc:icc, tkc k"ma⭲ cQc also roc"scs
a⭲d lcts i
⭲ ligkt to píod"cc imagcs. So
basicallQ, ligkt í
a
Q
s tkat a
í
c dcrlcctcd ríom o
í bQ
dista⭲t objccts l
a
⭲
d o
⭲ tkc í
c
t
i
⭲
a a
r
t
c
í tkcQ pass
tkío"gk :aíio"s mcdi"ms l
ikc tkc c
oí⭲ca, cíQstalli⭲c
lc⭲s, aq"co"s k"moí, tkc lc⭲s, a⭲d
:itíco"sk"moí.
Ha:i⭲g d
i
r
r
c
í
c⭲
t ícríacti:c i⭲dcxcs is wkat
bc⭲ds tkc í
a
Q
s to roím a
⭲ imagc. ľ
k
c ligkt íaQs r
i
⭲
a
l
l
Q
a
í
c íccci:cd a⭲d roc"scd o
⭲ tkc í
c
t
i
⭲
a
. ľkc í
c
t
i
⭲
a
co⭲tai⭲s pkotoícccptoí cclls callcd íods a⭲d co⭲cs
a⭲d tkcsc basicallQ dctcct tkc i
⭲
t
c
⭲
s
i
t
Q a⭲
d tkc
rícq"c⭲cQ or tkc ligkt. I
"
í
t
k
c
í
, tkc imagc tkat is
roímcd is píoccsscd bQ millio⭲s or tkcsc cclls,
a⭲d tkcQ also í
c
l
a
Q tkc sig⭲al o
í ⭲
c
í
:
c imp"lscs
to tkc b
í
a
i
⭲ :ia tkc optic ⭲
c
í
:
c
. ľkc imagc
roímcd is "s"allQ
i⭲:cítcd b"t tkc b
í
a
i
⭲ coííccts tkis
pkc⭲omc⭲o⭲. ľkis píoccss is also similaí to tkat
or a co⭲:cx lc⭲s.
I
⭲ a⭲Q casc, ⭲ow tkat wc ka:c lcaí⭲cd
somctki⭲g abo"t tkc k"ma⭲ cQc, cack cQc is
:cíQ impoíta⭲t, a⭲d tkcQ plaQ a disti⭲ct paít i
⭲
kclps k"ma⭲s to scc.

23. Care of the eyes

24. How to take proper care of eyes?
1.Read at Normal Distance.
2.Never bring book too close or too far.
3.Do not rub your eyes. If dust goes in eyes,do
not rub it.Instead clean it with water.
4.Do not look at bright light. We should not look at
bright light directly like the sun.
5.Do not read in dull light.
6.Eat food Rich in Vitamin A.

25. Multiple images

26. Light reflected off one mirror can easily be
reflected again off another, and another,
and another... This creates many images
of a single object.
In this activity, students learn about the
relationship between mirror angles and
the number of images produced

27. Visually imaried
persons can read
and write

28. Braille is a tactile reading and writing system. It
opens up the written word to blind and visually
impaired people.
Here are ten facts about braille to help you
learn more about this 200-year-old code which
is still a key to literacy and independence for
thousands of blind and visually impaired people
around the world today.
1. Braille was developed by Louis Braille in
the 1820s when he was a pupil at the Royal
Institute for Blind Youth in Paris. Before he
developed his revolutionary code, various
systems mostly using raised print letters were
used to help blind people read. For example,
Valentin Haüy’s tactile books featured
embossed versions of the Roman alphabet.
Louis Braille’s code was designed for tactile
recognition – not visual recognition – and finally
enabled blind and visually impaired people to
also write independently.
2. Braille is not a language. It is a tactile code
enabling blind and visually impaired people to read
and write by touch, with various combinations of
raised dots representing the alphabet, words,
punctuation and numbers. There are braille codes
for the vast majority of languages – some symbols
have different meanings for aspects such as
accented letters, depending on the language. In its
simplest form one letter is represented by one
symbol, however contracted braille provides some
shortening.
3. It’s recommended to learn braille by touch if
you’re losing your vision but still have some
sight remaining when you start. As a tactile code,
it will only be of use if you can read and write it via
touch if sight is lost completely or reading large print
is no longer possible.

30. What is braille
system?

31. Braille is a tactile writing system used by
people who are visually impaired. It is
traditionally written with embossed paper.
Braille users can read computer screens
and other electronic supports using
refreshable braille displays