The document discusses licensing, citation, and sustainability of intellectual property. It covers different types of licenses for software and data including open source, proprietary, and Creative Commons licenses. It provides resources for choosing an appropriate license, ensuring works are properly cited and credited to help sustain them, and guidelines for repositories, audits, and certifications.

1. Licensing,
Citation and
Sustainability
Carole Goble
The University of Manchester, UK
Carole.goble@manchester.ac.uk

2. Intellectual Property
legal rights (IPRs) from intellectual activity in the
industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields
Patent
Protects ‘new’ ideas and has an ‘inventive step’ that is not obvious to
someone who works in the subject area
Copyright
Protection of a tangible manifestation of an idea;
e.g. a book or source/object code
License
An agreement or permission that grants a right to use .
often in the form of a contract

3. • Governs exploitation rights
• Fallacies
• ‘found it on the internet so I can use it’
• No license worse than a restrictive license
• If you are an employee you likely don’t own it
• Often if you want to exploit the University will
come to some kind of agreement
• Legal owners vs. Moral owners
• ‘Publish or Perish’
• Impact vs. making money
• Hard to optimise for both
Intellectual Property

4. • Governs the permission you are granting to
others in regards to source code or object code
you hold the Copyright on:
– Are you allowed to use it?
– Are you allowed to copy it?
– Are you allowed to resell it?
– Are you allowed to change it?
– Are you allowed to distribute it?
– Who is liable if something goes wrong?
– What about Patents ?
Software and Data Licenses

5. Types of licenses
• Closed (“Proprietary”)
• Restricted (“Academic” /
“Non-commercial”)
• Open source license
– Permissive
– Copyleft
• Public domain / CC0
• Informal license
• No license
Considerations
• Larger works comprising
code with different
licenses (“license
compatibility”)
• Assets made available
under more than one
license (“dual licensing”)
• Copyright holders can re-
license as they own the IP
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1434044

6. Licence Properties
• attribution
– the licensor must be given due credit for the work when it is
distributed, displayed, performed, or used to derive a new
work.
• copyleft
– any new works derived from the licensed one must be released
under the same license, and only that licence.
• non-commercial licence
– to prevent the licensee from exploiting the work commercially.
• Multiple and dual licensing
– alternative licence allows commercial uses but requires
payment to the licensor.

7. Apache License 2.0
BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" license
BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" license
GNU General Public License (GPL)
GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL)
MIT license
Mozilla Public License 2.0
Common Development and Distribution License
Eclipse Public License
Open Source Licenses
http://choosealicense.com/licenses/
http://opensource.org/licenses
Check conditions for distribution
Proprietary Software Licenses
Special terms and conditions for distribution

8. • Creative Commons
• Open Data Commons
• Open/Non-Commercial Government Licence
• Public domain
– most permissive way of releasing data
– CC-0
Standard Data licences

9. Creative Commons Data Licensing
• (CC0) (total waiver)
• Attribution (CC BY)
• Attribution Share Alike (CC BY-SA)
• Attribution No Derivatives (CC BY-ND)
• Attribution Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC)
• Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike (CC BY-NC-SA)
• Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/license-research-data#x1-4000

10. Getting Help
http://choosealicense.com
http://opensource.org/licenses
http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/

11. License Wizard
http://ufal.github.io/lindat-license-selector/

12. Citation: Orcid and Citation Tracking

13. Citation & Credit tracking
https://impactstory.org/HollyBik

14. Getting Indexed

15. Getting Indexed http://dliservice.research-infrastructures.eu/#/
[Paolo Manghi]

16. Sustainable Resources
• Commercial support
• Community support
• Government support
• National support
• Cloud support
• Import and export
• Research objects
http://www.crl.edu/sites/default/files/d6/attachments/pages/trac_0.pdf
Trustworthy Repositories Audit & Certification: Criteria and Checklist

17. Crediting the Resource
to help sustain it….
Geraint Duck, Goran Nenadic, Andy Brass, David L. Robertson, Robert Stevens: Extracting patterns of database
and software usage from the bioinformatics literature. Bioinformatics 30(17): 601-608 (2014)
Senay Kafkas, Jee-Hyub Kim, Xingjun Pi, Johanna R. McEntyre:
Database citation in supplementary data linked to Europe PubMed Central full text biomedical articles. J.
Biomedical Semantics 6: 1 (2015)

18. Resources
Software
• http://www.software.ac.uk
• OSSWatch – oss-watch.ac.uk – opensource advice
• GNU – all things Copyleft – www.gnu.org
• http://www.software.ac.uk/blog/2015-08-27-price-open-source-software-joint-
response - contemporary issues in open sourcing research code
• http://producingoss.com/ - about open development
• Software Freedom Law Centre - https://www.softwarefreedom.org/ - legal
defense of Copyleft
• http://www.qlegal.qmul.ac.uk/resources/index.html
• https://www.gov.uk/guidance/lambert-toolkit - wider IP sharing with industry
Data
• https://rd-alliance.org/groups/rdawds-publishing-data-services-wg.html
• http://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides
• http://www.dcc.ac.uk
• http://ufal.github.io/lindat-license-selector/