The document discusses search engines and how they work. It begins with an introduction to search engines and their importance. It then describes the key functions of search engines: crawling the web to index content, indexing the content in a searchable database, and ranking results by relevance. It provides examples of different types of search engines and describes advanced search techniques users can employ like using quotation marks or a dash. Finally, it outlines different options search engines provide to filter results.

2. Leveraging Search Engines 2
SCHEME
Leveraging Search Engines 2
 Introduction
 Importance
 Working Methodology
 Types & Examples
 Advance Search Techniques
 Use of Advance Options

3. Leveraging Search Engines 3
SEARCH ENGINE - Introduction
 A web search engine is a software system that is
designed to search for information on the world
wide web
 It uses the keywords to search for documents
that relate to these key words and then shows
the result in order of relevance to the topic

4. Leveraging Search Engines 4
SEARCH ENGINE - Importance
 A search engine helps to find appropriate
websites without knowing URLs
 Provide freedom to choose helpful website
amongst bunch of URLs pop up during search
 Search engine filters the information and
transforms the results over 50 billion web pages
in 2023

5. Leveraging Search Engines 5
SEARCH ENGINE - Working
A search engine works through 3 primary functions
Crawling
 Scour the Internet for content, looking over the
code/content for each URL they find
Indexing
 Store and organize the content found during the
crawling process. Once a page is in the index,
it’s in the running to be displayed as a result to
relevant queries

6. Leveraging Search Engines 6
SEARCH ENGINE - Working
Ranking
 Provide the pieces of content that will best
answer a searcher's query, which means that
results are ordered by most relevant to least
relevant

7. Leveraging Search Engines 7
WORKING- Search Engine Crawling
 A discovery process in which search engines
send out a team of robots (crawlers/ spiders) to
find new and updated content

8. Leveraging Search Engines 8
WORKING- Search Engine Crawling
 Content discovered by links may be a webpage,
an image, a video, a PDF etc.
 Googlebot starts out by fetching a few web
pages then follows the links on those webpages
to find new URLs
 By hopping, the crawler is able to find new
content and add it to their index called Caffeine
 A massive database of discovered URLs
retrieved during search for a good match

9. Leveraging Search Engines 9
WORKING- Indexing & Ranking
Indexing
 Indexing is where processed information from
crawled pages gets added to the search index
Ranking
 Ordering of search results by relevance is known
as ranking
 Ranking factors includes Backlinks, Relevance,
freshness, Page speed, mobile friendliness etc.

10. Leveraging Search Engines 10
SEARCH ENGINES – Types
Search engines may be divided into 04 x broad
categories
 Crawler based Search Engines
 Directories
 Hybrid Search Engines
 Meta Search Engines

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CRAWLER SEARCH ENGINES
 Search Engines use software programs known
as “Spiders”, Crawlers”, “Robots” , “Bots”
 Webpages are categorized, analyzed and added
in search engine database through programs
 Crawler based search engines are constantly
updated with new web page that would be
available in their database
 Examples are Google, Yahoo, Ask etc.

12. Leveraging Search Engines 12
DIRECTORIES
 Directories depend on human editors to create
their listings or database
 Yahoo directory, Open directory and Look Smart
are few examples

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HYBRID SEARCH ENGINES
 Search Engines uses both crawler based
searches and directories searches to obtain
results
 Examples are Yahoo & Google

14. Leveraging Search Engines 14
META SEARCH ENGINES
 Search Engines combine all the results from
other search engines into one big list
 Examples are Metacrawler , Dogpile

15. Leveraging Search Engines 15
SEARCH ENGINES – Examples

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ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Advance search techniques allow focused search
and find desired results
 Use quotation marks “ “
 Use a dash –
 Use a tilde ~
 Use “site”
 Use two periods ..
 Use an asterisk *
 Use “related”

17. Leveraging Search Engines 17
ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Quotation marks” “I have not yet begun to fight”
 When a word/ phrase is searched within quotes,
the results will only include pages with the same
words in the same order

18. Leveraging Search Engines 18
ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Dash- jaguar -car
 Using a dash before a word will exclude sites
with that info from your results

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ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Tilde~ boating ~drunk
 Results will include sites with that word & sites
with synonyms for that word

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ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Site: tennis site :espn.com
 Results will be limited to those pages found on
that particular web site

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ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Periods.. tennis 1995..1960 & Camera $50..$100
 When separate numbers by two periods without
space, results will be showed containing
numbers in a range

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ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Asterisks* * pluribius unum
 Add an asterisk as a placeholder for any
unknown/ wildcard terms

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ADVANCE SEARCH TECHNIQUES
Related: related:cnn.com & related:webmd.com
 Related search operator will find sites similar to
one already known

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ADVANCE OPTIONS
 Search Engines tabs can be utilized to limit the
results according to desire

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ADVANCE OPTIONS
 List of options commonly available in all search
engines
Option Results
Language Specify which language you'd like results to come
back in.
Region Specify which geographical region searches should
focus on.
Last
Updated
Good for returning recently updated content, but
can be used to find content published between
specific dates.
URL Show only websites where your search query
appears in the URL.

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ADVANCE OPTIONS
Option Results
Safe Search Filter for language and explicit images, although it's
not always reliable for avoiding dangerous websites.
Reading
Level
Determine the reading level you'd like the results to
come back in.
File Type Search for a specific file format such as Microsoft
Word documents or PDFs.
Usage
Rights
Find pages that you have permission to use.
Specific
Phrases
Use quotation marks to return results where all of
those words are side by side.
Maps Displays businesses or locations related to your
search.

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ADVANCE OPTIONS
Option Results
Shopping Displays items related to your search entry that can be
purchased.
News Displays newsworthy articles related to the search
term.
Color Force all images in the results to have an
overwhelming color that matches the one you choose.
Size Find high-resolution images or small ones. Some
search engines include an advanced image search
that shows pictures that match the exact size you
choose.
Type Find GIFs, portraits, clip art, line drawings, or only
pictures that include a face.

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THANK YOU