John Sohl, CEO of COLUMBIA Technoplogies, provides lessons learned from over 750+ direct sensing projects throughout North America and Hawaii.

1. A VETERAN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESS High Resolution Vertical Profiling Lessons Learned Using Direct Sensing Technologiespresented to the2011 North American Environmental Field Conference and Exposition John Sohl, CEO COLUMBIA Technologies301-455-7644 jsohl@columbiatechnologies.com January 2011

3. North American footprint

4. 45 out of 50 states including Hawaii

5. Canada, Italy, Japan, New Zealand

6. Diverse client base

7. 14 years of experience in field chemistry, sampling, and data acquisition

8. 10 years working with multiple direct sensing and real time information© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

9. COLUMBIA Technologies’ 3 Core Principles Three basic assumptions or principles we have in mind when deploying high resolution direct sensing tools with as near real time decision-making information: The consumer of our services is firmly motivated in knowing the size, shape, and type of contaminant mass and soil structure. They believe better information will reduce the uncertainty, risk, and the cost of gaining that knowledge, and They believe that being approximately correct with a huge data set is far better than being precisely wrong with a limited data set. © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

11. Operate with as consistent of a measurement process as possible

12. Are accurate in the measurement of depth beneath the surface

13. Allow for measuring of multiple parameters such as soil and contaminants simultaneously

14. Preferably do not require the retrieval of a sample of soil, water, or vapor – a process that introduces a range of variables and therefore uncertainty© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

15. High Resolution Vertical Profiling Systems © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

17. Dual rod racks for MIP and LIF

18. Client office facilities

19. Real time Data

20. 2D/3D visualizations© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

22. Geo-referencing the data

23. Linking to data analysis and storage

24. Performing error trapping and analysis on the data

25. Analyzing the data trends

26. Visualizing the data into decision-making information using an array of tools

27. Communicating the information back to the technical team, anywhere on the planet, as quickly as possible© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

29. actual concentration (“don’t get me any of that μV stuff”), and

30. static hydraulic head level

31. Etc., etc., etc.Detection level is not low enough Too expensive I don’t need the data in real time © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

32. Myth 1 Regulators Won’t Accept Direct Sensing Data © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

33. Regulatory Acceptance Regulators are actually smarter than your client wants to believe They understand the value of more data and information Lots of data vs. best guess SOME are motivated towards NFA Training and education is required 45 our of 50 states U.S. EPA Triad philosophy www.triadcentral.org ITRC WARNING: If your client is trying to say – “let’s only do the minimally, regulatory approved procedures to keep the agency happy” then they don’t pass the first principle of wanting to know the right answer using the most cost effective approach. © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

34. Myth 2Direct Sensing Does Not Provide Defensible Data Like Monitoring Wells © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

36. Heterogeneity of the subsurface lithology

37. Heterogeneity of the groundwater flow direction

38. Seasonality of groundwater

39. Sampling methodologies

40. Sample transport and holding times

41. Laboratory handling and analyses

42. Fouling

43. Plume dynamics over time© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

44. “At any point of time local groundwater flow direction can vary by 270°” John Wilson USEPA NAPL Distribution $$ of Monitoring Wells “Direction” of GW Flow © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

45. Where in this 100-ft column are you going to screen EACH $50,000 monitoring well? 6 Km Plume © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

46. Tens of Years and Dozens of Monitoring Wells vs. 3 Days of Direct Sensing © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

47. REMEMBER PRINCIPLE NO. 3: It’s far better to be approximately correct than precisely wrong. © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

48. Myth 3 Detection Levels Are Too Low © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

50. LIF tools are used to characterize residual petroleum-based or PAH containing compounds – not dissolved phase© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

52. Where in the large 3D geospatial volume are you going to sample to gain sufficient decision-making information?

53. What technologies are going to get you a decent answer out of a tight clay, a flowing sand, a large vertical column, a large plume migration?

54. Would not more detailed information about the soil and hydraulic properties provide a better basis for a sampling and analysis plan than conventional educated guessing?

55. What’s it going to cost you to get those answers?© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

56. Where Are You Going to Sample? Screen Your Well? Inject? © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

57. Myth 4 Direct Sensing Costs are Too High “My client has decided to just do conventional sampling and screening and lab analysis” © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

58. First comment: “Good luck” Second comment:“If we keep doing this same way we always have, we’ll keep getting the same result (and spending the same money)” - Einstein Fails PRINCIPLE TWO(and possibly PRINCIPLE ONE) – Client doesn’t believe that better information will lead to better success at a lower cost. © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

60. Will you get accurate recovery of soil or groundwater from your sampling tools and protocol?

61. Do you really know what depth the sample came from?

62. How many volatiles did you lose in the sampling, handling, transport, and sub-sampling process?

63. Can the screening tools you are using actually detect the compounds of interest?

64. How long will it take you to find out that you got the answer?

65. WHAT WILL BE INCREASED COST OF REMEDIATION IF YOU ARE OFF DEPTH, TOO CONSERVATIVE IN YOUR ENGINEERING ESTIMATE, OR SIMPLY MISS?© 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

66. $25,000 Round Trips Office Fieldwork Repeat Data Gaps Reports Map Sample Drill Data Evaluation Lab Remobilization Repeat Data Gaps Reports Map Data Evaluation Lab Sample Drill Remobilization Repeat Reports Map Data Evaluation Lab Sample Drill Data Gaps Cycle Time = Years © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

67. Myth 5 We Don’t Need Real Time Information © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

69. Are you tired of blowing your budget and coming up short on conclusions and high on risk and uncertainty?If not – then you don’t believe in PRINCIPLE ONE Direct reading sensors provide data in real time. SmartData Solutions® QA’s that data and provides decision-making information in near real time © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

70. Real Time = Visibility, Control & Risk Management $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 UNCERTAINTY BUDGET $$ © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

72. Relying on conventional sampling and monitoring wells alone results in a lot of uncertainty

74. Significantly reduce your monitoring, remediation, and legal liability costs

75. Receive a more complete, comprehensive site characterization © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

76. COLUMBIA Technologies' Business Approach Multiple systems moving from project to project “On-Call” Service in North America Linked via SmartData Network © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.

77. Thank You! www.columbiatechnologies.com © 2011 COLUMBIA Technologies.