Understand why environmental cleanup costs skyrocket because of poor information and how to use high resolution information to restore sites in a more sustainable, less expensive approach.

1. Rapid,
Real-­‐Time
High
Resolu5on
Site
Characteriza5on
Building
Your
Case
for
Cost
Effec5ve
Sustainable
Remedia5on
Using
a
High
Resolu5on
Approach
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
John
Sohl,
President/CEO
COLUMBIA
Technologies
www.columbiatechnologies.com
jsohl@columbiatechnologies.com
+1-­‐301-­‐455-­‐7644

2. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Our
Mission?

3. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Efficient
Sustainable
Social
Economic
Environment

4. Our
industry
spends
over
$1
BILLION
each
day
assessing,
remediaVng,
and
making
decisions
on
informaVon
that
is
incomplete,
inaccurate,
and
too
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
late.

5. Where
does
all
the
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
money
go?

6. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
EPA
2011
NaVonal
Backlog
Study

7. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

8. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

9. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

10. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

11. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Why?

12. 80%
of
the
errors,
waste,
and
resources
are
spent
on
the
wrong
and
insufficient
samples.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

13. The
NAPL
Challenge
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

14. The
NAPL
Challenge
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Oil
Soil
Water
Bugs
Vapor
??

15. The
OIL
Challenge
Where
is
it
(really)?
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Leaking
or
not?
Moving
or
not?
Transmissive
(recoverable)
or
not?
Above
saturaVon
or
not?
Degrading
–
YES
but
how
fast?

16. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
16
NAPL
=
Non-­‐Aqueous
Phase
Liquid
-­‐
Do
not
mix
with
water
and
remain
as
a
separate
phase
-­‐
Include
petroleum
hydrocarbons
and
chlorinated
solvents
LNAPL
=
NAPL
that
is
less
dense
than
water
-­‐
Gasoline,
diesel
fuel,
jet
fuel,
and
crude
oil
-­‐
MulV-­‐component
mixtures
Courtesy
of:
LNAPL

17. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
17
Courtesy
of:

18. The
SOIL
Challenge
Is
it
sand
or
clay?
Or
should
we
measure
whether
it
is
permeable
or
non-­‐permeable?
©
2014
COLUMBIA
©
2013
by
Taylor
&
F
rTaencchisn
Gorloougpi,e
LsL.C

19. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

20. Q
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Mass
Discharge:
Chemical
Mass
and
Transmissivity
Across
any
Transect,
a
Contaminant
Plume
Conveys:
Groundwater
Discharge,
Q
(e.g.,
L/day)
Contaminant
Mass
Discharge,
Md
(e.g.,
g/day
or
kg/year)
Md
=
Q
x
C
(L/day
x
mg/L
=
mg/day)
Figure
2-­‐1
Source
Plume
Transects
Md
} C=Concentra5on
Well
20
Courtesy
of:

21. It’s
a
Science
Based
Decision
Tens
of
Thousands
of
Data
Points
to
Define
Problem
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Is
it
worth
the
investment?
Ground
Truth
Contaminant
Concentra5on
Highest
Lowest
Groundwater
Flux
Fast
Slow
Figure
2-­‐4
Courtesy
of:
21

22. Heterogeneity
Measured
• Scale
mahers
–
what
needs
to
be
measured
• How
to
interpolate
between
highly
variable
data
• Most
transects
sample
<
1%
of
the
groundwater
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
22
Courtesy
of:
Clarity
of
Typical
Power
of
High
ResoluVon
Site
CharacterizaVon

23. 80-­‐90%
of
the
contaminant
mass
is
moving
or
stored
within
10-­‐20%
of
the
geospaVal
volume
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

24. MIP
(Membrane
Interface
Probe)
(MIP-­‐EC,
MiHPT,
MIP-­‐HTL,
LL
MIP,
MIP-­‐XSD)
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Vola5le
Organic
Compounds
(VOCs)
(Dissolved
phase
petroleum
and/or
Solvents
)
LIF
(Laser
Induced
Fluorescence)
(UVOST®,
ROST®,
TarGOST®,
FFD)
LNAPL/Residual
phase
petroleum
Light
petroleum
fuels
to
coal
tars
HPT
(Hydraulic
Profiling
Tool)
Soil
hydraulics
(pore
pressure,
soil
permeability)
PST
(Pneuma5c
Slug
Test)
Soil
characteris5c
-­‐
permeability
EC
(Electrical
Conduc5vity)
Soil
characteris5c
-­‐
electrical
CPT
(Cone
Penetrometer)
Soil
characteris5c,
behavior
type
Discrete
Groundwater
Profiling
Short,
discrete
screen
interval
(0.2
–
1.0
meter)
VOCs,
SVOCs,
Metals,
Biologics,
Gases
Onsite
Laboratory
Analyses
Rapid
Laboratory
grade
GC,
GCMS,
HPLC,
other
VOCs,
SVOCs,
Metals,
Gases
Real
Time
Data
Management
Mapping
and
verGcal
profile
charts
Quality
Assurance
and
Decision
Making
Results
presented
via
Internet
in
real
5me
©
2013
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
24

25. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Ultra
Pure
Compressed
Gases
Direct
Push
Drilling
Rig
with
Membrane
Interface
Probe
for
VOCs
MIP
Transfer
Line
Drill
Rods
©
2013
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
25

26. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
26
Op5cal
Spectroscopy:
-­‐
FOUR
different
frequency
bands
-­‐
Fluorescent
light
received
from
the
down
hole
window
-­‐
Lighter,
shorter
chain
hydrocarbons
blue-­‐green
-­‐
Heavier,
longer
chain
hydrocarbons
orange-­‐red
-­‐
Matrix
effects
-­‐
Reference
Emiher
(RE)
source
test
required
Kerosene/Diesel
at
water
table
Deeper
but
lighter
LNAPL
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

27. The
WATER
Challenge
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

28. For
water
wet
media
Quick
Notes:
-­‐
LNAPL
share
pore
space
with
other
fluids
including
air
-­‐
The
head
pressure
of
the
LNAPL
must
overcome
the
pore
entry
pressure
for
LNAPL
migraVon
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
28
Courtesy
of:
LNAPL
Water
Flow
Flow

29. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Screened
Interval

30. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Screened
Interval
Fined
Grained
Soil

31. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
“Upgradient”
Transect

32. GW
changes
vs.
Vme
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
The
WATER
Challenge

33. $$
of
Monitoring
Wells
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
NAPL
DistribuVon
Cost-­‐effec5vely
characterize
Contaminated
sites
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
33

34. If
you
have
a
groundwater
problem…you
sVll
have
a
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
source
problem.

35. The
answer
is
not
likely
in
the
monitoring
well.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

36. MulVple
Lines
of
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Evidence

37. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
©
2013
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
37
1.
Isolate
and
Refine
the
Source
Area
2.
Determine
pathways
of
permeability

38. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Sample
HPT
Log
Quick
Notes:
-­‐
Used
to
profile
hydraulic
pore
pressure
and
permeability
“effecVve
K”
-­‐
Integrated
EC
-­‐
PosiVve
pressure
flow
of
water
supplied
from
surface
-­‐
Determine
migraVon
pathways,
remediaVon
injecVon
regions,
and
placements
for
monitoring
wells
©
2013
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
38

39. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
39
Classic
“shark
fin”
Evidence
of
higher
NAPL
saturaVons
above
Supported
by
high
pore
pressure
–
low
flow
zone
beneath

40. Quick
Notes:
-­‐
VolaVle
Organic
Compounds
(VOCs)
-­‐
Vapor,
Dissolved
Phase,
Sorbed
Phase,
some
NAPL
-­‐
Typical
DL:
1
ppm
fuel
/
200
ppb
solvent
(can
be
lower
with
special
procedures)
-­‐
Integrated
Electrical
ConducVvity
and/or
-­‐
Hydraulic
Profiling
Tool
-­‐
OpVonal
Heated
Trunk
Line
-­‐
Matrix
effects
-­‐
Performance
Test
Required!
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
©
2013
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
40

41. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
41
Think
Sponge

42. Quick
Notes:
-­‐
Performance
test
is
GOOD
-­‐
Background
check
is
GOOD
-­‐
Material
in
the
formaVon
is
different
than
performance
test
standard
and
repeatable
-­‐
Material
is
at
17
and
19
feet
below
grade
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
42

43. Quick
Notes:
-­‐
Performance
test
is
GOOD
-­‐
Background
check
is
GOOD
-­‐
Material
in
the
well
is
lighter
(more
fresh,
less
degraded)
than
product
in
the
formaVon
-­‐
Material
in
the
well
is
different
than
the
performance
test
standard
-­‐
Response
is
repeatable
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
43

44. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
44
Remember
Csat
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

45. The
answer
is
not
likely
in
the
monitoring
well.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

46. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Sample
MiHpt
Log
Combined
MIP-­‐HPT
Probe
–
mulVple
lines
of
evidence
in
the
same
push!
-­‐
Contaminant
distribuVon
of
VOCs
-­‐
Measurements
of
EC
-­‐
HPT
pore
pressure
and
EffecVve
“K”
©
2013
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
46

47. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
More
Permeable
47
Flow
Less
Permeable

48. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
48
Stable
Baseline
XSD
•
Linear
response
to
number
of
chlorine
atoms
•
20
measurements
per
foot
•
Stop
for
heaVng
every
1-­‐foot

49. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
49
Confirms
chlorinated
compound
XSD
•
Linear
response
to
the
number
of
double
bonds
(e.g.
Benzene)
•
Compounds
with
IP
<
10.2
eV
PID

50. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Non-­‐Benzene
and
Non-­‐
Chlorinated
(Methane?)
50
FID
PID
XSD
•
Linear
response
to
organic
C-­‐H
bonds

51. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
51
PID
with
no
XSD
XSD
•
Linear
response
to
the
number
of
double
bonds
(e.g.
Benzene)
•
Compounds
with
IP
<
10.2
eV
PID

52. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
52
FID
confirms
PID
FID
XSD
•
Linear
response
to
the
number
of
double
bonds
(e.g.
Benzene)
•
Compounds
with
IP
<
10.2
eV
PID

53. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
53
More
Permeable
Press
Less
Permeable

54. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
54
Press
Finer
Grains?
Cond

55. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
More
Permeable
55
Flow
Less
Permeable
Setpoint

56. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Probable
Transport
Probable
Storage
56
XSD
•
PID
Press
ConVnuous
comparison
of
chemical
and
soil
parameters

57. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
MW PM-503/19

58. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
MW PM-503/35

59. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
MW PM-503/30.1

60. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
MW PM-503/30.1

61. The
answer
is
not
likely
in
the
monitoring
well.
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.

62. Do
we
want
to
guess
(and
pay)
for
more
hardware,
chemicals,
and
lab
analyses
or
do
we
want
to
pay
for
©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
results?

63. ©
2014
COLUMBIA
Technologies.
Think
and
Restore
John
Sohl,
President/CEO
COLUMBIA
Technologies
www.columbiatechnologies.com
jsohl@columbiatechnologies.com
+1-­‐301-­‐455-­‐7644