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Lessons Learned from Space Technology Development
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- 2. NASA’s Space TechnologyProgram - Development Approach Idea Idea Idea Infusion Idea Opportunities Idea Possible Solution for NASA Mission Visions of the Future Idea Idea Possible Possible Solution Solution Does it WORK? Is it Flight Ready? Possible Directorates, Idea Solution Other Govt. Idea Idea Agencies, and Idea Industry Idea Industry Academia Gov’t Mature crosscutting capabilities Creative ideas regarding Prove feasibility of novel, early-stage that advance multiple future space future NASA systems or ideas with potential to revolutionize a missions to flight readiness status solutions to national needs. future NASA mission and/or fulfill national need. 8
- 3. TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATIONDEFINITION FLOWDOWN Na$onal Innova$on Strategy NASA Strategic Goals NASA Grand Challenges Space Technology Roadmap(s) IPTs Proposals, ARC Tech Strategic (Tech Wrkg Projects, Areas Ini2a2ves Grps) Products
- 4. NASA’s Space TechnologyProgram OFFICE OF THE CHIEF TECHNOLOGIST www.nasa.gov/oct 4
- 6. Developing systems tomonitor the health and performance of NASA personnel and the functional status of the systems that support them
- 7. Physiological Monitoring of Astronauts Biotelemeter implanted in amimals, or ingested by/attached to astronauts! TriSponder! senses Body Temperature,! quickly displays! Blood Pressure, Blood pH,! Health Status. and Heart Rate. Transponder relays biotelemeter signal ! to other monitoring ECG devices. HR 87 Temp 36.8C pH 7.35 BP 125/80 Physiological! Laptop! Signal Conditioner! monitors and! (PSC) acquires ECG,! analyzes! EEG, EMG, and EOG ! Physiological! (and other bio- Parameters.! parameters of interest.!
- 8. MONITORING Output Module Temperature Biosensors DEVICE (FHSS Sensor Transmitter, Respiration Datalogger, Display, etc.) Ingest Battery able Sensor Core Module Pulse Oximeter Transceiver Modules Commands Monitoring Device ECG Data & Status Electrodes Temp. ECG Bio ECG Bio Temp. ECG Bio WIRELESS Pulse Oximeter (Blood Gases) SENSORS (Transducer + Signal Conditioner + Transceiver) Pressure, Core Temp. pH, Calcium, Glucose,...
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- 10. Distributed Environmental andPhysiological Monitoring HMD Environmental (TBD) SpO2 Monitor (MPM) (Nonin) • Temp. • Pressure • O2 • CO2 ECG (QRS) Head Mount Display Physiological Monitor (iPAQ) • Body Temp. iPAQ • Blood Pressure • SpO2 • Respiration RF • Heart Rate / ECG (Proxim) • Activity Space Station / Shuttle Scenario Server • Data Display Server • Data Distribution Dave Williams • Data Analysis (Laptop) Demonstration
- 11. PEM Personal Status PPM Comm Monitor (PSM) PCM Decision Data Controller Assistant Management PSM: Personal Status Monitor PSM: Personal Status Monitor PA: PreAmplifier S: Sensor PPM: Personal Physiological Monitor BT: BlueTooth USB: Universal Systems Buss PEM: Personal Environmental Monitor A: Actuator TM: Telemetry Transmitter Module PCM: Personal Clinical Monitor FHSS: Freq. Hopping Spread Spectrum IR: InfraRed Mem: Memory TMRx: Telemetry Reveiver
- 12. Space Station Intranet Prior System: Smart Health Optional link to Intranet Access Point Care Management System iPAQ SwitchBoard (SHMS) Wireless LAN (RL2, 802.11b, iPAQ Client Bluetooth) Laptop Various Data Sources supported Client (Physiological and Environmental Sensors, Video (wired/wireless), GPS) Various Client Devices supported Laptop Video (Pocket PCs, HMDs, Laptops, PCs) Server Local ad-hoc Networking using iPAQ- SwitchBoard or Laptop-SwitchBoard Ad-hoc Network can be connected to Intranet as soon as Access Point is in range, as well as Internet iPAQ Client with ECG/ Compatible with most Wireless LAN Resp. Monitor Technologies (RangeLAN2, 802.11b, iPAQ Client Bluetooth) with HMD Low Bandwidth Requirement (128-kbps iPAQ Client with GPS-iPAQ Pulse Oximeter S-Band compatible) Environmental Monitor Modular, Flexible, Reliable, and Secure Downlink (S-Band or Ku-Band) Internet Client Wireless Video Server Video Access Server Point Stanford University, JSC Intranet NASA Ames, . iPAQ Client
- 13. LIFEGUARD LifeGuard Monitoring System - Overview Nexan ECG/Repsiration Sensor Nexan Physiological Logger with Sensor Streaming Capabilities (CPOD) Nonin Pulse BP Cuff Oximeter (SpO2) BP Monitor Nonin SpO2 Accutracker II Blood Pressure Monitor (flight qualified) CPOD Data Logger Base Station CPOD logs data. Base Station Download via or RS-232 or wireless:
- 14. Non-NASA Application of SHMS: HomelandSecurity and Defense NASA DART Participation
- 15. Test, Applications, andIntegration Testing, testing, and more testing INMARSAT SATELLITE
- 20. EVA and IVAPhysiological Monitoring • Keep crew safe, healthy, and performing optimally • Prevent, recognize, diagnose, and treat illness and injury IVA – medical exams, exercise, research, fitness evaluations
- 21. EVA and IVAPhysiological Monitoring Requirements Current HSIR requirements Requirements (Medical Opera$ons) Requirements (Research) TABLE 3.10.5.1-1 - MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS Unpressurized and Ventilation Pressurized Lunar Surface Monitoring ECG Minimum of 2 Holter Monitor/ Minimum of 2 Suit Parameter independent Pressure Operations Operations ECG independent channels for up to channels for up Operations 48-‐hours to 48-‐hours Breathing gas flow rate (real-time) X X X Diagnos$c ECG 12-‐lead ECG for a ppO 2 X X Diagnos$c ECG 12-‐lead for both minimum of 10 Oxygen consumption rate (real- 10-‐30 second sequen$al X "snapshot" mode, time) minutes that and 10-‐minute employs 8 Suit pressure (real-time) X X "full disclosure” independent ppCO2 (real-time) X X mode channels (using a standard 10-‐ Consumables (power, oxygen, electrode X X X water, etc., real-time) configura$on) Heart Rate 0-‐250 beats per Thermal loading to each EVA minute Cardiac Output Con$nuous X crewmember (calculated) Respiratory Rate 0-‐150 breaths per cardiac output for Heart rate (real-time) X X minute up to 24 hours Metabolic Rate (calculated) X Con$nuous Blood Con$nuous Blood Body Temperature 84.0 °F to 108.0 °F Pressure Pressure for up to Radiation Exposure Data X 24 hours Notes: Blood Pressure Systolic 60-‐250 mmHg Body 84.0 °F to 108.0 For suited operations, measure the parameters in gray on an individual suit basis. Temperature °F Diastolic 30-‐160 For a single gas environment, ppO2 and total suit pressure are identical values and do not mmHg require separate sensors. Otherwise Blood Oxygen 70-‐100% Satura$on
- 22. The Challenges EVA HR • Maximize the comfort, ease of use, reliability, and accuracy Monitoring • Minimize the equipment's mass, volume, Requirements power, and time for set-up and use Apollo Shuttle Sensors Sensors Space Station Hardware
- 24. Market Survey/Lessons Learned • Many systems rely on perspiration/moisture • Nearby EMI can totally disrupt biomedical signals • Not all systems have local display, ensure data is actually recording • Have no buttons on the device that can be accidentally toggled • The sensor is only the front end - many other factors contribute to final signal quality • Motion artifact remains one of key problems • Wireless an option - but many technical issues remain • Some devices need attention to keeping them in place on the body • Three considerations for sensor contact to skin • Placement of sensors sometimes key • Pick a financially viable company • Get agreement on the definition of easy to don/doff
- 26. Future Space MedicineHealth Care • Portability and application of nano-technology • Minimally/non-invasive, efficient diagnostic systems capable of detecting abnormal human function across all body systems • Health care approaches capable of therapeutic intervention for a wide range of pathological and trauma scenarios
- 27. BAN / Wirelessmonitoring systems problems for acceptance Business Applications BAN Standards Technology
- 28. Conclusion Continue to improvethe human to biomedical sensor interface!
- 29. Business Applications BAN Standards Technology