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lesson12_verbal-Infinitives-and-its-functions.
- 1. What is the Purpose of the following objects?
- 2. 1. I go to the gym to keep fit. 2. I went to the supermarket to do the weekly shop. 3. We went to the cinema to watch rewind movie. 4. I drove all night just to see you 5. He lifted the sofa to clean underneath it 6. He bought chocolates to give her mother.
- 3. Infinitives Prepared by: Kristine Mae Perez
- 4. An infinitive verb is the word “to” + a base form verb
- 5. Example: to be, to do, to see, to eat, and to wear
- 6. Read the following line from the play Romeo and Juliet and underline the infinitive. • To strike him dead, I hold it not a sin. • To scorn at our solemnity this night. • To be a virtuous and well governed youth. • To smooth the rough touch with tender kiss.
- 7. Read the following line from the play Romeo and Juliet and underline the infinitive. • To strike him dead, I hold it not a sin. • To scorn at our solemnity this night. • To be a virtuous and well governed youth. • To smooth the rough touch with tender kiss.
- 8. What do you hope to accomplish in 5 years? What are you willing to sacrifice for your family? As a class leader, what are you willing to do?
- 11. Infinitive as Noun Infinitive can be used as the subject, complement, and object as the sentence.
- 12. Examples: • To err is human. • Maria’s dream is to finish her studies. • Monica always wanted to dance.
- 13. Infinitive as adjectives Infinitive used as adjectives modify/ describe nouns.
- 14. Examples: • The candidate to trust is Tony. • He has the great ability to paint.
- 15. Infinitive as Adverbs • Infinitive used as adverbs modify/describe verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs.
- 16. Examples: • My grandmother has come to stay. • My team was too slow to score.
- 17. Task Write the infinitive in each sentence. Then beside each write ADJ if it is used as an adjective N if it is used as Noun and ADV if it is used as an adverb.
- 18. 1. The choir was ready to perform. 2. He worked to get ahead in the ladder of education. 3. He gave me a book to read. 4. The passage from the Bible is hard to translate. 5. The boys are coming this weekend to play tennis.
- 19. TASK 6: BIG LEAGUE Complete the following sentences with the infinitive used as indicated inside the parentheses.
- 20. 1. Here is the lesson __________ ( adjective) 2. The team was ready ________ (adverb) 3. My friend were sorry _______ (adjective) 4. She promised never ________ (adverb) 5. I don‘t have time _________ _ (adjective)
- 21. TASK: CHECKPOINT Circle the infinitives in the sentences below. Write the infinitive‘s function in the sentence in the blank under the sentence.
- 22. 1. His goal was to succeed. 2. To refuse was not an option, so, we agreed with their demands. 3. My brother likes to sing. 4. The team must score to win. 5. The counselor has the ability to help. 6. Her dog just wanted to play. 7. To laugh seemed rude, but the story was funny. 8. For the dishes tonight, your job is to dry
Editor's Notes
- What did you do yesterday? To cut the paper To clean our body To write a note To scoop the food
- Now, what have you observed on the sentence? You observed that there is a ‘to’ before verb Do you know what is the word to plus a base form verb called? Now that is what we called infinitive.
- Can you still remember what is gerund? So gerund and infinitive are both types of verbals
- To form an infinitive, you just have to place the word ‘to’ in front and add base form of a verb.
- So in here, the word to is being added by the base form of a verb to form a infinitive
- Again, what do you call to the underlined words?
- Now class, we use infinitive to express our purpose like for example, to study hard, I succeed, it can also be as a subject of the sentence, like, to learn is essential. And also most especially to ask a question.
- Can you still recall our past lesson in gerund? Gerund and infinitive are both types of verbal So if gerund has its function, so as the infinitives. Now, to identify the functions of infinitive, you have to identify the word preceded before infinitive if which part of speech it falls under, so you have to ask yourself is it a ver, noun, adverb, adjective? Now, let us discuss the different functions
- So now, let us dive in to the different functions of infinitives
- So class, infinitive can function as a noun appearing as the subject, complement and object of a sentence.
- To err is human What is infinitive? And what is the main performer of the action? So the infinitive ‘’to err’’ functions as the main performer therefore it is the infinitive as subject So since the infinitive is at the beginning of the sentence and also the performer of the action, then therefore it is the subject The second sentence is infinitive as complement When we say infinitive as complement, the infinitive should complete the action of the verb What is the infinitive in second example? To finish What is the verb? Dream So therefore, the infinitive ‘’to finish’’ completes the action of a verb. And also, we can say that infinitive functions as a complement because it is followed by a linking verb is. Class, remember that if the infinitive is preceded by the linking verb, that is what we called subject complement The third example functions as direct object. We can identify if the infinitive functions as a noun if the infinitive receives the action of the verb in a sentence What is infinitive in the third example? What is the verb? So the infinitive to dance receives the action of the verb wanted. So it is the direct object. Remember that if the infinitive is preceded by a transitive verb, that is direct object because transitive verb needs a direct object to complete the sentence.
- When we say infinitive as adjective, meaning, the infinitive functions as adjective in the sentence or the infinitive describes the noun Because as we all know, adjective describes nouns or pronouns. So since it is infinitive as a adjective therefore the infinitive must also describes the noun.
- What is the infinitive here? What is the noun? So the infinitive “to trust” describes the noun candidate So as is in second example Remember that if the infinitive functions as a an adjective if infinitive describes the noun or preceded before a noun.
- So class, meaning, the infinitive act as an adverb- it should describes a verb, adjective, or adverb Now, if the direct object is preceded by a transitive object, the infinitive as adverb on the other hand is preceded by the auxiliary verb. An auxiliary verb is like a helpin verb. It works together with the main verb to tell us more about the action. Ex. Be, have, do, will, must, has
- In first example, what is the infinitive? What is word preceded before infinitive? And come is a verb with an auxiliary Does the infinitive describes the verb? What about in the second example, what is the infinitive? What is the adjective? Does the infinitive describes the adjective? Therefore it is infinitive as an adverb because it describes the adjective slow
- Adv- What type of part of speech is ready? ready is an adjective, therefore, if the preceded word before infinitive is adjective, what is the function of this infinitive? Noun- Noun is a transitive verb therefore it is an infinitive as noun Adjective- book is a noun. Therefore if the preceded word before an infinitive is noun, what is the function of infinitive Adv- hard is adjective therefore the function of the infinitive is adverb Adv.- weekend is adverb of time, therefore, the function of infinitive is infinitive as adverb
- Here is the lesson to study The team was ready to play My friend were sorry to here that She promised never to do it again I don’t have time to waste
- Noun-complement Noun- subject Noun Adverb Noun Noun-direct object Noun-subject noun