The document discusses key terms related to urbanization such as millionaire cities, megacities, and world cities. It defines millionaire cities as having over 1 million people, megacities as over 10 million people, and world cities as having great global influence due to financial status and commercial power. Examples given are New York, London, and Tokyo. The document also examines patterns of urbanization, noting areas that urbanized first and are increasing most rapidly, like Africa and Asia. Causes of urban growth discussed include natural population increase and rural-urban migration due to push factors like lack of land and pull factors like employment opportunities.

1. THE CRANK’s LEARNING OBJECTIVES WHAT? identify key population terms recognise the global pattern of urbanisation revel in bringing back another classic 70s gameshow!

2. WORLD CITIES! Contemporary urbanisation processes Urban decline and regeneration within urban areas Retailing and other services Contemporary sustainability issues in urban areas

3. “ What do they mean?!” What is a millionaire city? What is a megacity? What is a world city? Come up with a definition for each, thinking caps on per favor - Premium Crank Points TM are available!

4. Key Key Terms Millionaire City – a city with more than 1million people (India & China have the most in the world) Megacity – a city with more than 10million people (20 in the world, of which 15 are in LEDCs)

5. Key Key Terms World City – a city with great influence on a global scale, because of financial status and worldwide commercial power Which three cities sit at the top of the global hierarchy? New York! London! Tokyo!

6. Key Key Terms World City These house the HQ of many mega TNCs Centres of world finance International consumer services There are other major ones of course – LA, Paris, Singapore, Sao Paulo...

7. Big Big Cities! Almost 50% of the world’s population lives in towns and cities! And 19% lives in a city of more than 1million people, or as we now call it, a millionaire city

8. Where Is It?!? Which areas do you think urbanised first? Which areas of the world do you think are increasing most rapidly?

9. Urbanisation – which areas?!

10. Where Is It?!? Increasing rapidly in Africa and Asia By 2025, almost the half the pop of these continents will live in urban areas – 80% of all urban dwellers will live in LEDCs

11. Hand in Hand... The level of urbanisation tends to increase at the same time as rapid economic development - of course China, India etc are developing economically In MEDCs, urban population peaked in 1970s and is now falling steadily

12. What does the map show?

13. Niger Ethiopia Oman

14. Saudi Arabia Libya Sweden

15. The causes of urban growth Natural population growth There tends to be more young people in cities as it is the young that are most likely to migrate from rural areas. They then have children meaning the rates of natural increase are higher in cities. 2. Rural-urban migration This is divided into push and pull factors.

16. PUSH From rural

17. PUSH From rural Population growth – not enough land to support the people. Leads to over-farming and low yields Agricultural problems – due to desertification, subdivision of land into smaller plots and debt on loans taken out to help pay for agricultural change. Health - Local diseases and inadequate medical provision. Cash crops – land traditionally used to grow food for locals now used to produce crops for money. Natural disasters – floods, tropical storms, earthquakes.. Wars and civil strike cause people to flee

18. PULL to urban

19. PULL to urban Employment- in factories and service industries such as hotels – better paid than rural area jobs. Informal employment – selling on the street, providing transport eg. rickshaw, prostitution. Better quality social provisions – education, healthcare, entertainment…. A perceived better quality of life

20. World cities There has been an economic shift in advanced economies from goods production to information handling. Globalisation has led to manufacturing shifting from traditional centres such as Manchester to lower wage economies eg. China

21. World cities: World cities are identified as places of innovation and entrepreneurialism. Are part of a network of learning consisting of clusters of universities, company research bases and so on. They may be seen as ‘science cities’ or ‘creative hubs’. Tend to have shed a lot of their routine activities to other countries. Offer a wide range of jobs – but mainly at either the top end or low end – this leads to increased differentiation in types of residential areas within these cities.

22. Europe In Western Europe, London is the only indisputable world city. Paris perhaps also qualifies. Below them are national capital cities and a number of specialised cities eg. Milan, Stuttgart, Manchester. These are called sub-world cities. Within Europe high-speed train and air travel has developed to allow convenient face-to-face contact. These important centres have shown dynamism in adapting to the loss of traditional manufacturing and goods-handling.