LESSON NOTES WEEK 3: Chemical Agents
This week we are looking closer at chemical agents. Let’s start with some significant historical events…
On March 16, 1988, a five hour attack occurred following a series of undiscriminating conventional attacks, when Iraqi aircraft began dropping chemical bombs on Halabja's residential area.
According to regional Kurdish rebel commanders, “Iraqi aircraft conducted up to 14 bombings in sorties of seven to eight planes each; helicopters coordinating the operation were also seen. Eyewitnesses told of clouds of smoke billowing upward white, black and then yellow, rising as a column about 150 feet (46 m) in the air” (kurdishgenocide.com 2012).
“Survivors said the gas at first smelled of weet apples” (kurdishgenocide.com 2012). Those that survived said “people died in a number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic chemicals. Some ‘some of the victims just dropped dead while others died of laughing;’ while still others took a few minutes to die, first ‘burning and blistering’ or coughing up green vomit” (HRW 1991). It is believed that Iraqi forces used multiple chemical agents during the attack, including mustard gas and the nerve agents Sarin, Tabun and VX; (Death Clouds) some sources have also pointed to the blood agent hydrogen cyanide (most of the wounded taken to hospitals in the Iranian capital Tehran were suffering from mustard gas exposure) (BBC 2008).
Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a nerve agent. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly acting of the known chemical warfare agents. “They are similar to certain kinds of pesticides (insect killers) called organophosphates in terms of how they work and what kind of harmful effects they cause. However, nerve agents are much more potent than organophosphate pesticides” (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2006).
Once a person is exposed to Sarin gas (GB) it can cause great harm or even death to that person. Sarin gas is binary weapon used by several countries. “GB is a first generation nerve agent that was identified in 1938 as a potential chemical agent by German researchers examining toxic organophosphates result in discovery a nerve agent Tabun (GA), simultaneously they discovered Sarin (GB) and it was identified as code number T-144. The Sarin came from its researchers involved in the project” (cbwinfo.com 2005 ). Some of the symptoms are as follows:
Runny nose, Watery eyes, Small, pinpoint pupils, Eye pain, Blurred vision, Drooling and excessive sweating, Cough, Chest tightness, Rapid breathing, Diarrhea, Increased urination, Confusion, Drowsiness, Weakness, Headache, Nausea, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain, Slow or fast heart rate, Low or high blood pressure. Even a small drop of Sarin on the skin can cause sweating and muscle twitching where Sarin touched the skin. Exposure to large doses of Sarin by any route may result in the following harmful health effects: Loss of consciousness ...
After thoroughly reading this week’s course material, choose one p.docxnettletondevon
After thoroughly reading this week’s course material, choose one potential weapon from one of the chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) categories (i.e. you could select Tularemia, which could be a potential biological weapon). Write in your own words your assessment of your selected potential weapon's characteristics, accessibility, consequences of terrorists using that weapon based in researched facts. Please provide any support information required.
Biological Weapons
Biological weapons are strategic. Agents used in biological weapons are “living organisms or infective material derived from them, which are intended to cause increase or decay in man, animals, and plans and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal, or plan” (Stern 1999, 21). If used properly, biological weapons can kill a significant number of people, and “their effects are not limited to one area or small target” (Preston 1998, 56). In the new era of biological threats, a photo editor in Florida died of anthrax exposure shortly after the tragic 9/11 events and became the first United States fatality. Shortly after that, four others succumbed to anthrax after handling contaminated mail and at least 17 others became sick, but survived this post-9/11 biological event (Franceschina 2006). As noted during this time, biological events are problematic to manage. Any exposed individual requires being immediately isolated and quarantined to avert others from being exposed to the biological agent. Given the incubation period of biological agents and the current detection capability, it is difficult to determine who is or isn’t contaminated. This highlights the “diabolical genius” of potential biological weapons attack.
Chemical Weapons
“Agents used in chemical weapons are liquid, gaseous, or solid chemical materials that cause death in plants, animals, or humans and hinge on on direct toxicity for their consequence” (Stern 1999, 21). In 1990, in the new era of chemical threats, the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) used chemical agents, which were canisters filled with chlorine, in a paramilitary campaign when they attacked a military camp of Sri Lankan Army soldiers (Hoffman 2012). More recently, members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult disseminated Sarin nerve agent in a suburban neighborhood in Japan that resulted in the death of seven people and injured 144 others (Kaplan 2000). The death and destruction didn’t stop there, in 1995, Aum Shinrikyo members used sharpened umbrella tips to penetrate plastic bags filled with sarin aboard various Tokyo subway cars and as a result, 12 people died and 1,039 people sustained injuries in what remains as the biggest non-conventional terrorist attack in history (Pangi 2012).
Radiological and Nuclear
In the 1890s, radioactivity was discovered, but the complete prospective capacity for danger was not acknowledged until considerably later. Exposure to low-level radioactive material for .
This research led us to conclude that American soil is under a real threat with Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The historical momentum, the facts, and the evidence supporting them, which are described in a chronological context, are sufficient to persuading us about this premise, although some skeptical consider this is just another conspiracy theory.
WEEK 7 Nuclear Weapons and ThreatsLessonWelcome to .docxcockekeshia
WEEK 7: Nuclear Weapons and Threats
Lesson
Welcome to Week 7 of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and nuclear Threats to the Homeland course!
To put things in perspective so far for this term, “Over 11,500 terrorist attacks occurred in 72 countries in 2010, resulting in approximately 50,000 victims, including almost 13,200 deaths. Although the number of attacks rose by almost 5 percent over the previous year, the number of deaths declined for a third consecutive year, dropping 12 percent from 2009” (The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise 2012). How many of you would have guessed that deaths directly related to terrorism would be declining?
Now let's dive into this week topic -- Nuclear Weapons and Materials Hazards
Is it possible for terrorist organization to develop and employ a suitcase nuclear weapon? Have they are done so? This week we will delve deep into the technical understanding of these weapons, materials, and associated hazards.
In his article titled, How Many and Where Were the Nukes?What the U.S. Government No Longer Wants You to Knowabout Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War, Burr (2006) discloses that, “Declassification decisions on U.S. nuclear weapons information by federal agencies have taken a surprising turn. Security reviewers are treating as ‘classified’ information that has been available in the public record for decades.” He goes on later to say, “excessive secrecy continues to abound in another category of historical nuclear information: the overseas deployment of U.S. nuclear weapons during the Cold War. Information on the deployments that has been publicly available for many years is also being classified by U.S. government agencies” (Burr 2006). This certainly makes us wonder why, because this information was once publicly available.
In the 20th and 21st Century, nuclear weapons are undoubtedly the ultimate weapon of mass destruction. Nuclear weapons ended WWII, and were the primary threat of the Cold War. One to four kilograms of plutonium – that’s all scientists in the Department of Energy estimate is needed to make a small nuclear weapon. They say that the average head weighs eight pounds (FAS n.d.). That’s a weight that a head and four kilograms of plutonium have in common. The explosion that destroyed Nagasaki weighed in at a “hefty” 6.2 kilograms (FAS n.d.). How much money would it take a terrorist organization to build its own nuclear weapon? That answer is not easily determined for several reasons. Black markets drive the price of such a “hot” commodity even higher than it would be in the mainstream market where official researchers and scientists purchase their materials. On the other hand, desperation to acquire materials at any cost is much higher, so “deals” and trades are more common for terrorists who are looking to purchase nuclear materials needed. No matter what one thing is for sure – the price is not low. This poses a problem for terrorists; even though many larger organiz.
John DohertyHello Class,Define the nature and varieties .docxchristiandean12115
John Doherty
Hello Class,
Define the nature and varieties of the primary internal Federal Regulatory efforts that govern Weapons of Mass Destruction.
For this week’s forum we are looking at the Federal Regulatory efforts that govern Weapons of Mass Destruction. It is extremely important to have law against Weapons of Mass Destruction. The world learned a lot when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. The world discovered that Weapons of Mass Destruction were to powerful and had to be regulated. To help regulate Weapons of Mass Destruction there have been a few treaties signed by nations to limit the development of Weapons of Mass Destruction. In 1972 the Biological Weapons Convention treaty was signed. According to Graham (2008), “This treaty bans the development, production, and acquisition of biological and toxin weapons and the delivery systems specifically designed for their dispersal.” The problem with the Biological Weapons Convention treaty though is the fact that some of the things used for these weapons are also used for good. This makes biological weapons very difficult to detect and shutdown. According to Graham (2008), “Moreover, the treaty is not supported at the international level by an overarching strategy for preventing biological weapons proliferation and terrorism.” Another very important treaty is the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. According to Graham (2008), “The number of states that are armed with nuclear weapons or are seeking to develop them is increasing.” With terrorist groups trying their best to obtain Weapons of Mass Destruction and other countries doing their best on building their own Weapons of Mass Destruction the United States needs to make sure that they are preventing this along with the help of their allies. According to Graham (2008), “The United States should work internationally toward strengthening the nonproliferation regime, reaffirming the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons…” The biggest thing it to charge heavy fines and penalties when a nation violates the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (Graham 2008). By having severe penalties when a nation breaks the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty it will help eliminate threat and keep nations in check. According to Graham (2008), “strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency, to include identifying the limitations to its safeguarding capabilities, and providing the agency with the resources and authorities needed to meet its current and expanding mandate.” Strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency is extremely important because it will give them more power to protect the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
References
Graham, B. (2008, December). World at Risk - American Biological Safety Association. Retrieved November 9, 2016, from https://www.absa.org/leg/WorldAtRisk.
Mark Metzger
This week, we start our study in the introduction to learning about Regulatory Issues in
Weapons of Mass Destruction. Through .
A very broad description of chemical wars,starting from world war 1st to the current scenario,it also throws light on the policies framed to keep check on the production of chemicals.
After thoroughly reading this week’s course material, choose one p.docxnettletondevon
After thoroughly reading this week’s course material, choose one potential weapon from one of the chemical, biological, radiological or nuclear (CBRN) categories (i.e. you could select Tularemia, which could be a potential biological weapon). Write in your own words your assessment of your selected potential weapon's characteristics, accessibility, consequences of terrorists using that weapon based in researched facts. Please provide any support information required.
Biological Weapons
Biological weapons are strategic. Agents used in biological weapons are “living organisms or infective material derived from them, which are intended to cause increase or decay in man, animals, and plans and which depend for their effects on their ability to multiply in the person, animal, or plan” (Stern 1999, 21). If used properly, biological weapons can kill a significant number of people, and “their effects are not limited to one area or small target” (Preston 1998, 56). In the new era of biological threats, a photo editor in Florida died of anthrax exposure shortly after the tragic 9/11 events and became the first United States fatality. Shortly after that, four others succumbed to anthrax after handling contaminated mail and at least 17 others became sick, but survived this post-9/11 biological event (Franceschina 2006). As noted during this time, biological events are problematic to manage. Any exposed individual requires being immediately isolated and quarantined to avert others from being exposed to the biological agent. Given the incubation period of biological agents and the current detection capability, it is difficult to determine who is or isn’t contaminated. This highlights the “diabolical genius” of potential biological weapons attack.
Chemical Weapons
“Agents used in chemical weapons are liquid, gaseous, or solid chemical materials that cause death in plants, animals, or humans and hinge on on direct toxicity for their consequence” (Stern 1999, 21). In 1990, in the new era of chemical threats, the Liberation Tiger of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) used chemical agents, which were canisters filled with chlorine, in a paramilitary campaign when they attacked a military camp of Sri Lankan Army soldiers (Hoffman 2012). More recently, members of the Aum Shinrikyo cult disseminated Sarin nerve agent in a suburban neighborhood in Japan that resulted in the death of seven people and injured 144 others (Kaplan 2000). The death and destruction didn’t stop there, in 1995, Aum Shinrikyo members used sharpened umbrella tips to penetrate plastic bags filled with sarin aboard various Tokyo subway cars and as a result, 12 people died and 1,039 people sustained injuries in what remains as the biggest non-conventional terrorist attack in history (Pangi 2012).
Radiological and Nuclear
In the 1890s, radioactivity was discovered, but the complete prospective capacity for danger was not acknowledged until considerably later. Exposure to low-level radioactive material for .
This research led us to conclude that American soil is under a real threat with Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD). The historical momentum, the facts, and the evidence supporting them, which are described in a chronological context, are sufficient to persuading us about this premise, although some skeptical consider this is just another conspiracy theory.
WEEK 7 Nuclear Weapons and ThreatsLessonWelcome to .docxcockekeshia
WEEK 7: Nuclear Weapons and Threats
Lesson
Welcome to Week 7 of the Chemical, Biological, Radiological and nuclear Threats to the Homeland course!
To put things in perspective so far for this term, “Over 11,500 terrorist attacks occurred in 72 countries in 2010, resulting in approximately 50,000 victims, including almost 13,200 deaths. Although the number of attacks rose by almost 5 percent over the previous year, the number of deaths declined for a third consecutive year, dropping 12 percent from 2009” (The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise 2012). How many of you would have guessed that deaths directly related to terrorism would be declining?
Now let's dive into this week topic -- Nuclear Weapons and Materials Hazards
Is it possible for terrorist organization to develop and employ a suitcase nuclear weapon? Have they are done so? This week we will delve deep into the technical understanding of these weapons, materials, and associated hazards.
In his article titled, How Many and Where Were the Nukes?What the U.S. Government No Longer Wants You to Knowabout Nuclear Weapons During the Cold War, Burr (2006) discloses that, “Declassification decisions on U.S. nuclear weapons information by federal agencies have taken a surprising turn. Security reviewers are treating as ‘classified’ information that has been available in the public record for decades.” He goes on later to say, “excessive secrecy continues to abound in another category of historical nuclear information: the overseas deployment of U.S. nuclear weapons during the Cold War. Information on the deployments that has been publicly available for many years is also being classified by U.S. government agencies” (Burr 2006). This certainly makes us wonder why, because this information was once publicly available.
In the 20th and 21st Century, nuclear weapons are undoubtedly the ultimate weapon of mass destruction. Nuclear weapons ended WWII, and were the primary threat of the Cold War. One to four kilograms of plutonium – that’s all scientists in the Department of Energy estimate is needed to make a small nuclear weapon. They say that the average head weighs eight pounds (FAS n.d.). That’s a weight that a head and four kilograms of plutonium have in common. The explosion that destroyed Nagasaki weighed in at a “hefty” 6.2 kilograms (FAS n.d.). How much money would it take a terrorist organization to build its own nuclear weapon? That answer is not easily determined for several reasons. Black markets drive the price of such a “hot” commodity even higher than it would be in the mainstream market where official researchers and scientists purchase their materials. On the other hand, desperation to acquire materials at any cost is much higher, so “deals” and trades are more common for terrorists who are looking to purchase nuclear materials needed. No matter what one thing is for sure – the price is not low. This poses a problem for terrorists; even though many larger organiz.
John DohertyHello Class,Define the nature and varieties .docxchristiandean12115
John Doherty
Hello Class,
Define the nature and varieties of the primary internal Federal Regulatory efforts that govern Weapons of Mass Destruction.
For this week’s forum we are looking at the Federal Regulatory efforts that govern Weapons of Mass Destruction. It is extremely important to have law against Weapons of Mass Destruction. The world learned a lot when the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan. The world discovered that Weapons of Mass Destruction were to powerful and had to be regulated. To help regulate Weapons of Mass Destruction there have been a few treaties signed by nations to limit the development of Weapons of Mass Destruction. In 1972 the Biological Weapons Convention treaty was signed. According to Graham (2008), “This treaty bans the development, production, and acquisition of biological and toxin weapons and the delivery systems specifically designed for their dispersal.” The problem with the Biological Weapons Convention treaty though is the fact that some of the things used for these weapons are also used for good. This makes biological weapons very difficult to detect and shutdown. According to Graham (2008), “Moreover, the treaty is not supported at the international level by an overarching strategy for preventing biological weapons proliferation and terrorism.” Another very important treaty is the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty. According to Graham (2008), “The number of states that are armed with nuclear weapons or are seeking to develop them is increasing.” With terrorist groups trying their best to obtain Weapons of Mass Destruction and other countries doing their best on building their own Weapons of Mass Destruction the United States needs to make sure that they are preventing this along with the help of their allies. According to Graham (2008), “The United States should work internationally toward strengthening the nonproliferation regime, reaffirming the vision of a world free of nuclear weapons…” The biggest thing it to charge heavy fines and penalties when a nation violates the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (Graham 2008). By having severe penalties when a nation breaks the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty it will help eliminate threat and keep nations in check. According to Graham (2008), “strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency, to include identifying the limitations to its safeguarding capabilities, and providing the agency with the resources and authorities needed to meet its current and expanding mandate.” Strengthening the International Atomic Energy Agency is extremely important because it will give them more power to protect the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty.
References
Graham, B. (2008, December). World at Risk - American Biological Safety Association. Retrieved November 9, 2016, from https://www.absa.org/leg/WorldAtRisk.
Mark Metzger
This week, we start our study in the introduction to learning about Regulatory Issues in
Weapons of Mass Destruction. Through .
A very broad description of chemical wars,starting from world war 1st to the current scenario,it also throws light on the policies framed to keep check on the production of chemicals.
WMD Proliferation, Globalization, and International Security.docxambersalomon88660
WMD Proliferation, Globalization, and International Security:
Whither the Nexus and National Security?
Strategic Insights, Volume V, Issue 6 (July 2006)
by James A. Russell
Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary
Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of
Defense, or the U.S. Government.
For a PDF version of this article, click here.
Introduction
Throughout the 1990s, the United States national security establishment gradually espoused the
idea of a growing threat posed by the proliferation of a variety weapons and weapons
technologies that could cause mass casualties to combatants and noncombatants alike. Nuclear
weapons had long occupied the rhetorical space used by policy makers to describe weapons that
could kill on a mass scale, but gradually the result was that the term “weapons of mass
destruction” was reinvigorated and quickly became an accepted term in the lexicon of national
security policy. The term is believed to have surfaced in the media in the aftermath of the German
bombing of Guernica, the Basque seat of power, in April 1937. It reappeared periodically during
World War II in reference to the indiscriminate killing of civilians by aircraft.[1] Today, the term is
defined in U.S. Code Title 50 as “any weapon or device that is intended, or has the capability, to
cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release,
dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors; a disease organism;
radiation or radioactivity."[2] For the purposes of this analysis, the term is defined as weapons
that can inflict mass casualties on combatants and noncombatants using nuclear and radiological
devices, long range missiles, and lethal chemical- and biological agents.[3]
Arguably, the kick-off to the more recent formal shift in emphasis in the U.S. national security
bureaucracy came in September 1993 when President Clinton told the United Nations General
Assembly:
One of our most urgent priorities must be attacking the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction, whether they are nuclear, chemical or biological; and the ballistic missiles
that can rain them down on populations hundreds of miles away… If we do not stem the
proliferation of the world’s deadliest weapons, no democracy can feel secure.[4]
Following the speech, President Clinton signed Presidential Directive 18, which ordered the
Department of Defense to develop a new approach in addressing the proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction. At the time of the initiative, the United States was particularly concerned with
the prospect of thousands of unsecured nuclear warheads in the former Soviet republics—the
problem of “loose nukes.”
In late 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspi.
The Legal Mechanisms With Which to Cope With a Nuclear AttackBen Cook Jr.
Amidst the sabre-rattling on the Korean Peninsula, the Russian provocations throughout the globe, and fledgling nuclear programs sprouting in developing nations, the world is once again on the precipice of nuclear war. What exactly are our legal protections and obligations in the event of a nuclear strike? This paper attempts to analyze current international law and postulates what elements would be necessary (or prudent) in future treaties.
Michael TyndallI believe that the most probable threat from .docxARIV4
Michael Tyndall
I believe that the most probable threat from a foreign terrorist organization (FTO) would be the use of biological agents. "A few kilos of an effectively disseminated BW agent can potentially cause tens to hundreds of thousands of casualties" (Cole, 2010, 73). Many of the biological agents available for FTOs to use require little to no experience handling the agent. If FTOs were to successfully conduct a biological attack, it could cause mass panic within the community, uncertainty, and economic disruption. I believe that it is not because of a lack of trying that a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) has not successfully carried out a biological attack within the country but the technological challenges the organizations face. The effects of a biological attack may not be immediately noticed. Local health care facilities or emergency rooms might be the first to realize there is a biological attack. A biological weapon will definitely be a force multiplier in the psychological on the targeted societies.
The pursuit of WMD by FTO and states that sponsor terrorism pose a great threat to our national security and global security. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a treaty that bans chemical weapons and calls for their destruction within a certain timeline. The goal of the treat is to "eliminate an entire category of weapons of mass destruction by prohibiting the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons" (OPCW 2016). The treaty also explains that states can posses a small quantity for research, medical or defensive use. FTO could easily exploit fragile or failed states and acquire the materials and resources needed to create a WMD to use in a terrorist attack.
Federal government agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security, the National Response Framework (NFR) and The National Incident Management System (NIMS) gives guidance for response and organization of agencies conducting the emergency management. I believe that it is going to take actual events for us to further refine our preparedness. We will never be 100 percent prepared but we need to be more prepared than we are now.
Michael
Cole, Benjamin. (2010). Changing Face of Terrorism, The: How Real is the Threat from Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons? (1). London, US: I.B.Tauris, 2010. ProQuest ebrary. Web. (accessed 28 Dec 2016).
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. (2016). Chemical Weapons Convention. https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/. (accessed 28 Dec 2016) .
Michael Moratz
The future of WMD threats manifests themselves in the past threats. Large stockpiles of nuclear weapons remain and the list of nuclear capable states is expanding although slowly. Despite previous treaties and agreements Russian President Putin announced, “to upgrade his nuclear arsenal (Holehouse, 2015)” and to “this year put 40 new nuclear-armed intercontinental ballis ...
Unit V Annotated BibliographyRenica JonesHLS 6320Colum.docxlillie234567
Unit V Annotated Bibliography
Renica Jones
HLS 6320
Columbia Southern University
12/6/22
Part A
Question 1
Following Bolat et al. (2022), Strict guidelines are imposed by international humanitarian law on the selection of weapons and tactics. There are international conventions and laws prohibiting the deployment of weapons of mass distraction because these weapons must not inflict indiscriminate harm to civilians. They must not be prone to inflicting unnecessary damage or suffering on combatants. Mass destruction weapons do not abide by these regulations.
Question 2
Threats from terrorist groups and criminal states looking to use WMD, or weapons of mass destruction, are becoming increasingly frequent, and the United States is constantly at risk. Albedwawi claims that (nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological, or explosives) are one sort of weapon of mass destruction.
Question 3
Every type and category of WMD has a specific treaty governing it. The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), whose objective was to ban biological weapons entirely, and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, which intended to stop the spread of WMD, particularly to non-state actors, are two examples of these treaties. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is another agreement to outlaw chemical weapons entirely. Finally, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), whose aim is to outlaw nuclear weapons completely, is mentioned in Kmentt's novel as signed in 2021.
Question 4
Each of the United States and the UN has a specific role to play in upholding international law and the provisions of each Treaty. The UN body's principal tribunal settles cases by states by international law. Furthermore, it offers legal advice on matters referred to by authorized UN bodies and specialized organizations. They also advance peace and security throughout the world. Human rights respect delivering aid to the needy: support sustainable development and climate action. The ability to fully implement international law ultimately rests with the United Nations Security Council. Fines, maintaining the peace, or formal reprimands are some ways they can do this.
Question 5
Kent (2021) contends that several challenges exist in enforcing international WMD laws and regulations. Among these concerns are the risks posed by poverty, illness, and environmental degradation. The conflict between states poses a threat. to state-wide human rights violations and violent threats. The threat of terrorism. Every international law and Treaty has undergone several revisions to improve its effectiveness and inclusiveness in providing member states with security.
Question 6
It is possible to compel non-member states of the UN to abide by international law and convention in several ways. First, the Security Council of the United Nations can officially denounce, impose sanctions, or otherwise enforce international law.
PART B
Albedwawi, S. A. A. M. (2022). Weapons of Mass Destruction .
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docxsmile790243
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docxsmile790243
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docxsmile790243
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docxsmile790243
PART A
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.
When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?
Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?
Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill
PART B
Summary:
Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.
1. Precisely what is microbial death?
2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?
4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docxsmile790243
Part A post
your answer to the following question:
1. How might potential reactions to an adolescent’s questioning of their sexual identity, or gender role, impact their social environment, behavior and self-esteem?
2. As social workers, what role can we play in assuring the best outcomes for these adolescents?
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
Part B
post
your answer to the following question:
1. How can social workers work toward assuring the best outcomes for adolescents questioning their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docxsmile790243
Part A (50 Points):
Various men and women throughout history have made important contributions to the development of statistical science. Select any one (1) individual from the list below and write a 2 page summary of their influence on statistics. Be specific in detail to explain the concepts they developed and how this advanced our understanding and application of statistics.
Florence Nightingale
Francis Galton
Thomas Bayes
Part B (50 Points):
Select any one statistical concept you learned in this course and explain how it can be applied to our understanding of the Covid-19 pandemic (2 pages). You should use a specific example and include at least one diagram to illustrate your answer.
Please note: Your work must be original and not copied directly from other sources. No citations are needed. Be sure to submit this assignment in Blackboard on the due date specified.
.
Part A:
1. K
2. D
3. N
4. C
5. A
6. O
7. F
8. Q
9. H
10. M
11. S
12. Y
13. I
14. U
15. X
Part B:
1.
A. UTI is short form for Urinary tract infection. Means infection which affects organs of urinary tract. Such as urethra, urinary bladder and kidney. This are main organ for formation of urine and helps to expel it out of body.
B. Kidneys, urethra and urinary bladder gets affected during Urinary tract infection. Generally infection begins with urethra then travels to kidney.
When only lower part gets affected which is called lower UTI also cystitis because involves bladder
And when infection spread to upper side involving kidneys known as pyelonephritis.
2.
A. Microorganism in UTI
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Coli bacteria lives in intestine. So they also seen near anal canal. From which gets transferred to urethra.
C. Bacteria enters urinary tract from urethra. In very less cases kidney gets infected by blood stream.
3.
Signs and symptoms:
A) Pain with urination:
The infection cause inflammation of urinary tract, the urine from the inflammed urinary tract cause pain in urination.
B) orange or red colour urine:
The inflammation of urinary tract may cause a orange or red colour urine. It is common sign in UTI due to inflammation of urinary tract.
4.
UTI:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) any infection on the urinary tract causing difficult in urination. It most commonly affects the woman because thet are more prone to it.
Diagnosis And treatment:
A) The diagnostic test for UTI:
The two major diagnostic test for UTI are:
Urinalysis:
Urine is collected from the patient who came for test. This test shows the bacterial or any infectious organism in the urine.
The collected urine sample is added to the substance which promotes the growth of the organism in the urine.
If the growth is organism doesn't takes place then the test is negative.
If the organism growth in the urine takes place then the test is positive.
Ultra sound:
The sound waves from the transducer of ultra produce a imaging of the internal organs.
Patient lower abdomen is scanned by ultra sound to detect any abnormality in the organs and structures of urinary tract.
B) The medications for UTI are antibiotics or antimicrobial.
The two drugs are amoxicillin, sulfasulfamethaxazole.
Both of these drugs act on UTI by fighting against the microorganisms in the UTI. By assisting the immune system, it fight against the microorganisms and that relieves the symptoms of UTI.
5.
answer. a) In women at the time of pregnancy the drainage system from the kidney towards bladder become wide, hence, urine does not pass out as quickly. This makes it easier to get an infection. Similarly women has shorter urethra than a man have, the shorter distance make the way easy to bacteria to travel into the bladder.
b) There are no of ways by which women can reduce the risk of getting UTI. Like women should drink plenty of water this will help of getting rid from UTI, a women should protect their urethra .
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docxsmile790243
Part A:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class using
one
of the following.
Froebel’s cube gift
Froebel’s parquetry gift
Lincoln Logs
Describe the activity that you have developed.
Identify at least two (2) skills that the activity would help develop.
Part B:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class promoting the same skill(s) as the activity above, but develop the activity based on the Montessori method.
Describe the activity that you have developed.
What are at least two key differences between the two activities you developed?
.
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations
2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent
refugee.
• What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently
immigrated to a new country?
• Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s
four areas of development?
3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to
assist them in proper develop
Part 3: Social Situations
• Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee.
• Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges.
• 2-3 Pages in length
• APA Formatting
• Submission will be checked for plagiaris
.
Part A (1000 words) Annotated Bibliography - Create an annota.docxsmile790243
Part A
(1000 words): Annotated Bibliography - Create an annotated bibliography that focuses on ONE particular aspect of current Software Engineering that face a world with different cultural standards. At least seven (7) peer-reviewed articles must be used for this exercise.
Part B
(3000 words):
Research Report
- Write a report of the analysis and synthesis using the
(Part A
) foundational
Annotated Bibliography
.
Part C (500 words): Why is it important to try to minimize complexity in a software system.
Part D (500 words): What are the advantages and disadvantages to companies that are developing software products that use cloud servers to support their development process?
Part E (500 words): Explain why each microservice should maintain its own data. Explain how data in service replicas can be kept consistent?
.
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docxsmile790243
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
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WMD Proliferation, Globalization, and International Security:
Whither the Nexus and National Security?
Strategic Insights, Volume V, Issue 6 (July 2006)
by James A. Russell
Strategic Insights is a bi-monthly electronic journal produced by the Center for Contemporary
Conflict at the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey, California. The views expressed here are
those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of NPS, the Department of
Defense, or the U.S. Government.
For a PDF version of this article, click here.
Introduction
Throughout the 1990s, the United States national security establishment gradually espoused the
idea of a growing threat posed by the proliferation of a variety weapons and weapons
technologies that could cause mass casualties to combatants and noncombatants alike. Nuclear
weapons had long occupied the rhetorical space used by policy makers to describe weapons that
could kill on a mass scale, but gradually the result was that the term “weapons of mass
destruction” was reinvigorated and quickly became an accepted term in the lexicon of national
security policy. The term is believed to have surfaced in the media in the aftermath of the German
bombing of Guernica, the Basque seat of power, in April 1937. It reappeared periodically during
World War II in reference to the indiscriminate killing of civilians by aircraft.[1] Today, the term is
defined in U.S. Code Title 50 as “any weapon or device that is intended, or has the capability, to
cause death or serious bodily injury to a significant number of people through the release,
dissemination, or impact of toxic or poisonous chemicals or their precursors; a disease organism;
radiation or radioactivity."[2] For the purposes of this analysis, the term is defined as weapons
that can inflict mass casualties on combatants and noncombatants using nuclear and radiological
devices, long range missiles, and lethal chemical- and biological agents.[3]
Arguably, the kick-off to the more recent formal shift in emphasis in the U.S. national security
bureaucracy came in September 1993 when President Clinton told the United Nations General
Assembly:
One of our most urgent priorities must be attacking the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction, whether they are nuclear, chemical or biological; and the ballistic missiles
that can rain them down on populations hundreds of miles away… If we do not stem the
proliferation of the world’s deadliest weapons, no democracy can feel secure.[4]
Following the speech, President Clinton signed Presidential Directive 18, which ordered the
Department of Defense to develop a new approach in addressing the proliferation of weapons of
mass destruction. At the time of the initiative, the United States was particularly concerned with
the prospect of thousands of unsecured nuclear warheads in the former Soviet republics—the
problem of “loose nukes.”
In late 1993, Secretary of Defense Les Aspi.
The Legal Mechanisms With Which to Cope With a Nuclear AttackBen Cook Jr.
Amidst the sabre-rattling on the Korean Peninsula, the Russian provocations throughout the globe, and fledgling nuclear programs sprouting in developing nations, the world is once again on the precipice of nuclear war. What exactly are our legal protections and obligations in the event of a nuclear strike? This paper attempts to analyze current international law and postulates what elements would be necessary (or prudent) in future treaties.
Michael TyndallI believe that the most probable threat from .docxARIV4
Michael Tyndall
I believe that the most probable threat from a foreign terrorist organization (FTO) would be the use of biological agents. "A few kilos of an effectively disseminated BW agent can potentially cause tens to hundreds of thousands of casualties" (Cole, 2010, 73). Many of the biological agents available for FTOs to use require little to no experience handling the agent. If FTOs were to successfully conduct a biological attack, it could cause mass panic within the community, uncertainty, and economic disruption. I believe that it is not because of a lack of trying that a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) has not successfully carried out a biological attack within the country but the technological challenges the organizations face. The effects of a biological attack may not be immediately noticed. Local health care facilities or emergency rooms might be the first to realize there is a biological attack. A biological weapon will definitely be a force multiplier in the psychological on the targeted societies.
The pursuit of WMD by FTO and states that sponsor terrorism pose a great threat to our national security and global security. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is a treaty that bans chemical weapons and calls for their destruction within a certain timeline. The goal of the treat is to "eliminate an entire category of weapons of mass destruction by prohibiting the development, production, acquisition, stockpiling, retention, transfer or use of chemical weapons" (OPCW 2016). The treaty also explains that states can posses a small quantity for research, medical or defensive use. FTO could easily exploit fragile or failed states and acquire the materials and resources needed to create a WMD to use in a terrorist attack.
Federal government agencies such as the Department of Homeland Security, the National Response Framework (NFR) and The National Incident Management System (NIMS) gives guidance for response and organization of agencies conducting the emergency management. I believe that it is going to take actual events for us to further refine our preparedness. We will never be 100 percent prepared but we need to be more prepared than we are now.
Michael
Cole, Benjamin. (2010). Changing Face of Terrorism, The: How Real is the Threat from Biological, Chemical and Nuclear Weapons? (1). London, US: I.B.Tauris, 2010. ProQuest ebrary. Web. (accessed 28 Dec 2016).
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons. (2016). Chemical Weapons Convention. https://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/. (accessed 28 Dec 2016) .
Michael Moratz
The future of WMD threats manifests themselves in the past threats. Large stockpiles of nuclear weapons remain and the list of nuclear capable states is expanding although slowly. Despite previous treaties and agreements Russian President Putin announced, “to upgrade his nuclear arsenal (Holehouse, 2015)” and to “this year put 40 new nuclear-armed intercontinental ballis ...
Unit V Annotated BibliographyRenica JonesHLS 6320Colum.docxlillie234567
Unit V Annotated Bibliography
Renica Jones
HLS 6320
Columbia Southern University
12/6/22
Part A
Question 1
Following Bolat et al. (2022), Strict guidelines are imposed by international humanitarian law on the selection of weapons and tactics. There are international conventions and laws prohibiting the deployment of weapons of mass distraction because these weapons must not inflict indiscriminate harm to civilians. They must not be prone to inflicting unnecessary damage or suffering on combatants. Mass destruction weapons do not abide by these regulations.
Question 2
Threats from terrorist groups and criminal states looking to use WMD, or weapons of mass destruction, are becoming increasingly frequent, and the United States is constantly at risk. Albedwawi claims that (nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological, or explosives) are one sort of weapon of mass destruction.
Question 3
Every type and category of WMD has a specific treaty governing it. The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC), whose objective was to ban biological weapons entirely, and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, which intended to stop the spread of WMD, particularly to non-state actors, are two examples of these treaties. The Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) is another agreement to outlaw chemical weapons entirely. Finally, the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW), whose aim is to outlaw nuclear weapons completely, is mentioned in Kmentt's novel as signed in 2021.
Question 4
Each of the United States and the UN has a specific role to play in upholding international law and the provisions of each Treaty. The UN body's principal tribunal settles cases by states by international law. Furthermore, it offers legal advice on matters referred to by authorized UN bodies and specialized organizations. They also advance peace and security throughout the world. Human rights respect delivering aid to the needy: support sustainable development and climate action. The ability to fully implement international law ultimately rests with the United Nations Security Council. Fines, maintaining the peace, or formal reprimands are some ways they can do this.
Question 5
Kent (2021) contends that several challenges exist in enforcing international WMD laws and regulations. Among these concerns are the risks posed by poverty, illness, and environmental degradation. The conflict between states poses a threat. to state-wide human rights violations and violent threats. The threat of terrorism. Every international law and Treaty has undergone several revisions to improve its effectiveness and inclusiveness in providing member states with security.
Question 6
It is possible to compel non-member states of the UN to abide by international law and convention in several ways. First, the Security Council of the United Nations can officially denounce, impose sanctions, or otherwise enforce international law.
PART B
Albedwawi, S. A. A. M. (2022). Weapons of Mass Destruction .
Similar to LESSON NOTES WEEK 3 Chemical AgentsThis week we are looking c.docx (9)
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docxsmile790243
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docxsmile790243
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docxsmile790243
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docxsmile790243
PART A
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.
When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?
Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?
Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill
PART B
Summary:
Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.
1. Precisely what is microbial death?
2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?
4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docxsmile790243
Part A post
your answer to the following question:
1. How might potential reactions to an adolescent’s questioning of their sexual identity, or gender role, impact their social environment, behavior and self-esteem?
2. As social workers, what role can we play in assuring the best outcomes for these adolescents?
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
Part B
post
your answer to the following question:
1. How can social workers work toward assuring the best outcomes for adolescents questioning their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docxsmile790243
Part A (50 Points):
Various men and women throughout history have made important contributions to the development of statistical science. Select any one (1) individual from the list below and write a 2 page summary of their influence on statistics. Be specific in detail to explain the concepts they developed and how this advanced our understanding and application of statistics.
Florence Nightingale
Francis Galton
Thomas Bayes
Part B (50 Points):
Select any one statistical concept you learned in this course and explain how it can be applied to our understanding of the Covid-19 pandemic (2 pages). You should use a specific example and include at least one diagram to illustrate your answer.
Please note: Your work must be original and not copied directly from other sources. No citations are needed. Be sure to submit this assignment in Blackboard on the due date specified.
.
Part A:
1. K
2. D
3. N
4. C
5. A
6. O
7. F
8. Q
9. H
10. M
11. S
12. Y
13. I
14. U
15. X
Part B:
1.
A. UTI is short form for Urinary tract infection. Means infection which affects organs of urinary tract. Such as urethra, urinary bladder and kidney. This are main organ for formation of urine and helps to expel it out of body.
B. Kidneys, urethra and urinary bladder gets affected during Urinary tract infection. Generally infection begins with urethra then travels to kidney.
When only lower part gets affected which is called lower UTI also cystitis because involves bladder
And when infection spread to upper side involving kidneys known as pyelonephritis.
2.
A. Microorganism in UTI
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Coli bacteria lives in intestine. So they also seen near anal canal. From which gets transferred to urethra.
C. Bacteria enters urinary tract from urethra. In very less cases kidney gets infected by blood stream.
3.
Signs and symptoms:
A) Pain with urination:
The infection cause inflammation of urinary tract, the urine from the inflammed urinary tract cause pain in urination.
B) orange or red colour urine:
The inflammation of urinary tract may cause a orange or red colour urine. It is common sign in UTI due to inflammation of urinary tract.
4.
UTI:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) any infection on the urinary tract causing difficult in urination. It most commonly affects the woman because thet are more prone to it.
Diagnosis And treatment:
A) The diagnostic test for UTI:
The two major diagnostic test for UTI are:
Urinalysis:
Urine is collected from the patient who came for test. This test shows the bacterial or any infectious organism in the urine.
The collected urine sample is added to the substance which promotes the growth of the organism in the urine.
If the growth is organism doesn't takes place then the test is negative.
If the organism growth in the urine takes place then the test is positive.
Ultra sound:
The sound waves from the transducer of ultra produce a imaging of the internal organs.
Patient lower abdomen is scanned by ultra sound to detect any abnormality in the organs and structures of urinary tract.
B) The medications for UTI are antibiotics or antimicrobial.
The two drugs are amoxicillin, sulfasulfamethaxazole.
Both of these drugs act on UTI by fighting against the microorganisms in the UTI. By assisting the immune system, it fight against the microorganisms and that relieves the symptoms of UTI.
5.
answer. a) In women at the time of pregnancy the drainage system from the kidney towards bladder become wide, hence, urine does not pass out as quickly. This makes it easier to get an infection. Similarly women has shorter urethra than a man have, the shorter distance make the way easy to bacteria to travel into the bladder.
b) There are no of ways by which women can reduce the risk of getting UTI. Like women should drink plenty of water this will help of getting rid from UTI, a women should protect their urethra .
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docxsmile790243
Part A:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class using
one
of the following.
Froebel’s cube gift
Froebel’s parquetry gift
Lincoln Logs
Describe the activity that you have developed.
Identify at least two (2) skills that the activity would help develop.
Part B:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class promoting the same skill(s) as the activity above, but develop the activity based on the Montessori method.
Describe the activity that you have developed.
What are at least two key differences between the two activities you developed?
.
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations
2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent
refugee.
• What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently
immigrated to a new country?
• Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s
four areas of development?
3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to
assist them in proper develop
Part 3: Social Situations
• Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee.
• Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges.
• 2-3 Pages in length
• APA Formatting
• Submission will be checked for plagiaris
.
Part A (1000 words) Annotated Bibliography - Create an annota.docxsmile790243
Part A
(1000 words): Annotated Bibliography - Create an annotated bibliography that focuses on ONE particular aspect of current Software Engineering that face a world with different cultural standards. At least seven (7) peer-reviewed articles must be used for this exercise.
Part B
(3000 words):
Research Report
- Write a report of the analysis and synthesis using the
(Part A
) foundational
Annotated Bibliography
.
Part C (500 words): Why is it important to try to minimize complexity in a software system.
Part D (500 words): What are the advantages and disadvantages to companies that are developing software products that use cloud servers to support their development process?
Part E (500 words): Explain why each microservice should maintain its own data. Explain how data in service replicas can be kept consistent?
.
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docxsmile790243
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
Part 3 Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicul.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
.
Part 3 Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that .docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who c.docxsmile790243
Part 2
The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who came to the United States when he was in high school with his father. His mother died back in Mexico when he was in school. He presents today to the PMHNPs office for an initial appointment for complaints of depression. The client was referred by his PCP after “routine” medical work-up to rule out an organic basis for his depression. He has no other health issues except for some occasional back pain and “stiff” shoulders which he attributes to his current work as a laborer in a warehouse. the “Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)” and obtained a score of 51 (indicating severe depression). reports that he always felt like an outsider as he was “teased” a lot for being “black” in high school. States that he had few friends, and basically kept to himself. He also reports a remarkably diminished interest in engaging in usual activities, states that he has gained 15 pounds in the last 2 months. He is also troubled with insomnia which began about 6 months ago, but have been progressively getting worse. He does report poor concentration which he reports is getting in “trouble” at work.
· Decision #1: start Zoloft 25mg orally daily
· Which decision did you select?
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #2: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, reports a 25% decrease in symptoms but concerned over the new onset of erectile dysfunction
*add Augmentin Wellbutrin IR 150mg in the morning
· Why did you select this decision? Support y our response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #3: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, Client stated that depressive symptoms have decreased even more and his erectile dysfunction has abated
· Client reports that he has been feeling “jittery” and sometimes “nervous”
*change to Wellbutrin XL 150mg daily
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
Explain how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.
Conclusion.
Part 2For this section of the template, focus on gathering deta.docxsmile790243
Part 2:
For this section of the template, focus on gathering details about common, specific learning disabilities. These disabilities fall under the IDEA disability categories you researched for the chart above. Review the textbook and the topic study materials and use them to complete the chart.
Learning Disability Definition Characteristics Common Assessments for Diagnosis Potential Effect on Learning and Other Areas of Life Basic Strategies for Addressing the Disability
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Dyslexia
Dysphasia/Aphasia
Dyspraxia
Language Processing Disorder (LPD)
Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observat.docxsmile790243
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any.docxsmile790243
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4-6 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2Data collectionfrom your change study initiative,.docxsmile790243
Part 2:
Data collection
from your change study initiative, sample, method, display of the results of the data itself, process, and method of analysis (graphs, charts, frequency counts, descriptive statistics of the data, narrative)
Part 3: Interpretation of the results of the Data
Collection and
Analysis, address likely resistance, and provide recommendations for continuing
the study
or evaluating your change study/initiative.
.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
LESSON NOTES WEEK 3 Chemical AgentsThis week we are looking c.docx
1. LESSON NOTES WEEK 3: Chemical Agents
This week we are looking closer at chemical agents. Let’s start
with some significant historical events…
On March 16, 1988, a five hour attack occurred following a
series of undiscriminating conventional attacks, when Iraqi
aircraft began dropping chemical bombs on Halabja's residential
area.
According to regional Kurdish rebel commanders, “Iraqi aircraft
conducted up to 14 bombings in sorties of seven to eight planes
each; helicopters coordinating the operation were also seen.
Eyewitnesses told of clouds of smoke billowing upward white,
black and then yellow, rising as a column about 150 feet (46 m)
in the air” (kurdishgenocide.com 2012).
“Survivors said the gas at first smelled of weet apples”
(kurdishgenocide.com 2012). Those that survived said “people
died in a number of ways, suggesting a combination of toxic
chemicals. Some ‘some of the victims just dropped dead while
others died of laughing;’ while still others took a few minutes
to die, first ‘burning and blistering’ or coughing up green
vomit” (HRW 1991). It is believed that Iraqi forces used
multiple chemical agents during the attack, including mustard
gas and the nerve agents Sarin, Tabun and VX; (Death Clouds)
some sources have also pointed to the blood agent hydrogen
cyanide (most of the wounded taken to hospitals in the Iranian
capital Tehran were suffering from mustard gas exposure) (BBC
2008).
2. Sarin is a human-made chemical warfare agent classified as a
nerve agent. Nerve agents are the most toxic and rapidly
acting of the known chemical warfare agents. “They are
similar to certain kinds of pesticides (insect killers) called
organophosphates in terms of how they work and what kind of
harmful effects they cause. However, nerve agents are much
more potent than organophosphate pesticides” (Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] 2006).
Once a person is exposed to Sarin gas (GB) it can cause great
harm or even death to that person. Sarin gas is binary weapon
used by several countries. “GB is a first generation nerve agent
that was identified in 1938 as a potential chemical agent by
German researchers examining toxic organophosphates result in
discovery a nerve agent Tabun (GA), simultaneously they
discovered Sarin (GB) and it was identified as code number T-
144. The Sarin came from its researchers involved in the
project” (cbwinfo.com 2005 ). Some of the symptoms are as
follows:
Runny nose, Watery eyes, Small, pinpoint pupils, Eye pain,
Blurred vision, Drooling and excessive sweating, Cough, Chest
tightness, Rapid breathing, Diarrhea, Increased urination,
Confusion, Drowsiness, Weakness, Headache, Nausea,
vomiting, and/or abdominal pain, Slow or fast heart rate, Low
or high blood pressure. Even a small drop of Sarin on the skin
can cause sweating and muscle twitching where Sarin touched
the skin. Exposure to large doses of Sarin by any route may
result in the following harmful health effects: Loss of
consciousness, Paralysis, Respiratory failure possibly leading to
death. Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily
mean that a person has been exposed to Sarin.
(cbwinfo.com 2005)
3. Recovery from Sarin exposure is possible with treatment, but
the antidotes available must be used quickly to be effective.
Therefore, the best thing to do is avoid exposure: Leave the area
where the Sarin was released and get to fresh air. Quickly
moving to an area where fresh air is available is highly effective
in reducing the possibility of death from exposure to Sarin
vapor. If people think they may have been exposed, they should
remove their clothing, rapidly wash their entire body with soap
and water, and get medical care as quickly as possible. (CDC
2006)
A few years later, in March of 1995, terrorists used the
chemical warfare agent against a civilian population in Tokyo,
Japan. “The nerve agent Sarin (GB) was released in the Tokyo
subway system causing at least 5500 people to get medical care”
(Sidell n.d.). The Aum Shinriko Cult was responsible for this
massive chemical attack in Japan. They killed at least 12
persons at the time of the attack. The Aum Cult was established
in 1987 by Shoko Asahara; its ideology and goals are to take
over Japan (Dugdal-Pointon 2004). The reason they attack the
Tokyo subway is because the organization was disbanded by
Japanese law in October 1995, stripping the cult of its legal
status and tax privileges that it use to have before 1995
(Dugdal-Pointon 2004). At the time of the attack the cult claims
to have over 9,000 members locally and 40,000 members
worldwide (Dugdal-Pointon 2004). The assets of Amu Cult were
estimated at between 300 million and one billion dollars
(Dugdal-Pointon 2004).
Almost one year before the Tokyo incident, the cult terrorist
group successfully released Sarin gas in the city of Matsumoto,
Japan killing seven people injuring about 500 (Dugdal-Pointon
2004). At this incident, there was a container of liquid Sarin
(approx. 20 kilograms) dropped onto a heated surface therefore
producing Sarin vapor and then eventually blown into the air by
a fan (Dugdal-Pointon 2004). The time of the release was about
4. 20 minutes (Dugdal-Pointon 2004).
Below is an excerpt from James Robertson (2011) that further
delves into more recent comparisons and potentials as it relates
to chemical weapons:
Chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear (CBRN)
terrorism is often portrayed as one of the greatest threats
facing the world. Since 11th September 2001, it has been widely
assumed that terrorists are intent on causing the highest
possible numbers of casualties and that CBRN weapons
present their best opportunity for achieving this, thus it is often
claimed it is vital to take measures to prevent terrorists from
gaining access to these so-called weapons of mass destruction
(WMD).
A comparison of Aum Shinrikyo – the perpetrators of the most
lethal CBRN terrorist attack to date – and al-Qaeda – the group
considered most likely to carry out an attack of this nature in
future – reveals that these unconventional weapons in fact have
a very limited appeal to terrorist groups, and that this appeal
may in fact have diminished rather than increased over the last
two decades. By exploring the circumstances which allowed
Aum Shinrikyo to pursue its CBRN programme and placing
them in contrast to the position of al-Qaeda since 2001 it can be
shown that at least the top leadership of al-Qaeda has little to
gain and much to lose by launching any form of mass casualty
attack, and that in any case the use of CBRN weapons is far
from guaranteed to produce this outcome. Chemical, biological
and radiological weapons might be used by smaller extremist
groups with links to al-Qaeda, but the operational limits on
these groups would make any mass casualty outcome unlikely,
and the potential benefit would be minimal in return for the
difficulties and dangers of using unconventional and unfamiliar
weapons.
5. Recent literature on CBRN terrorism has focused strongly on
the issue of acquisition, working on the assumption that if
terrorists can get hold of these weapons then they will not
hesitate to use them. Thus much of the academic debate
revolves around the ease with which terrorists could construct a
WMD or steal or buy one (Bunn & Weir 2006), and much of the
policy debate around how to prevent the requisite materials
from falling into the wrong hands. This has led to the alarming
conclusion reached by the Commission on Prevention of
Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorism and Proliferation that
‘unless the world community acts decisively and with great
urgency, it is more likely than not that a weapon of mass
destruction will be used in a terrorist attack somewhere in the
world by the end of 2013’ (2008, xv). It is important to examine
the logic behind such alarmist statements and question the
fundamental assumption that terrorists are not only prepared,
but determined to use CBRN weapons.
Aum Shinrikyo: a unique case?
Aum Shinrikyo’s release of sarin gas on the Tokyo subway
system in 1995 remains the most deadly CBRN attack to date,
killing twelve people. Despite fears articulated by authors such
as Jessica Stern (2000, 157) that future terrorists would learn
from Aum’s experiments, it did not mark the beginning of a new
era in terrorist methods. This can be explained through the very
particular circumstances which allowed Aum to carry out this
attack. Aum was uniquely well- resourced, with financial assets
worth hundreds of millions of dollars (Jackson et al. 2004, 11),
and facilities in several different countries including a ranch in
the Australian outback where it carried out its experiments
using sarin gas. These resources were essential to Aum’s pursuit
of CBRN weapons (Falkenrath 1998, 23).
The cult was dedicated to ‘causing great chaos and loss of life’
(Tucker 2000, 216), believing that its activities were to
6. instigate an apocalyptic war between the United States and
Japan. The psychological dimension of CBRN weapons was
clearly important in the group’s decision to pursue them. The
chemical and biological weapons used in all the group’s
attempted attacks fitted with its apocalyptic goals since ‘[t]he
idea of infection caused by invisible agents is frightening. It
touches a deep human concern about the risk of being destroyed
by a powerful, evil, imperceptible force.’ (Holloway et al. 2004,
183-184) Aum wanted to jolt the Japanese population into
awareness of the
impending apocalypse, so the shock-value of CBRN weapons
had a unique appeal for them, but also key their strategy was the
belief was that these weapons would also cause a huge number
of casualties.
Aum’s ideology not only made CBRN weapons especially
appealing, but it also freed the cult of the restraints that might
otherwise prevent their use. Aum was unconcerned about losing
the support from any external community. The group became
increasingly paranoid in the 1990s, believing the rest of society
was conspiring against it, and by the middle of the decade its
recruitment had slowed dramatically (Jackson et al. 2005, 13).
When the sarin gas attacks were carried out, a more severe
retaliation by the government was also not a concern, as Aum
already believed the police were planning an imminent raid on
its facilities regardless. The group believed it had nothing to
lose. The preconditions for Aum to break the norms against use
of CBRN weapons can be summarised as follows: a
determination to carry out a mass casualty attack and a belief
that CBRN weapons were an appropriate method to achieve this;
a lack of important external support which could be withdrawn;
and a disregard for the possibility of retaliation. (Robertson
2011)
References:
7. BBC. 2008. On this Day. | 16 | 1988: Thousands die in Halabja
gas attack Death Clouds: Saddam Hussein’s Chemical War
Against the
Kurds http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/16
/newsid_4304000/4304853.stm
Bunn, Matthew, and Wier, Anthony. 2006. “Terrorist Nuclear
Weapon Construction: How Difficult?” Annals of the American
Academy of Political and Social Science, 607, 133-149.
CBWInfo. 2005. Factsheets on Chemical and Biological Warfare
Agents. http://www.cbwinfo.com/intro.html
Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC]. 2006. Facts
about Sarin. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/sarin/basics/facts.asp
Dugdale-Pointon, T. (13 November 2004), Aum Shinrikyo
Cult/Terrorist
Organisation, http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/weapons_au
m.html
Falkenrath, Richard. 1998. America’s Achilles Heel: Nuclear,
Biological and Chemical Terrorism and Covert Attack.
Holloway, H., Norwood, A., Engel, C., Fullerton, C., and
Ursano, R. 2004. “The Threat of Biological Weapons:
Prophylaxis and Mitigation of Psychological and Social
Consequences” in Schneider, Barry & Davis, Jim (eds.), The
War Next Time: Countering Rogue States and Terrorists Armed
With Chemical and Biological Weapons.
Human Rights Watch. 1991. Whatever Happened to the Iraqi
Kurds? http://www.hrw.org/reports/1991/IRAQ913.htm#4
Kurdish Genocide. 2012. It is time to end the silence: Kurdish
8. genocide. www.kurdishgenocide.com
Robertson, J. 2011. How Appealing are CBRN Weapons to
Terrorist Groups? http://www.e-ir.info/2011/07/26/how-
appealing-are-cbrn-weapons-to-terrorist-
groups/?lang=en_us&output=json
Sidell, F.R. n.d. Chemical Agent
Terrorism. http://www.totse2.com/totse/en/bad_ideas/guns_and_
weapons/chemterr.html
Tucker, Jonathan. 2000. Toxic Terror: Assessing Terrorist Use
of Chemical and Biological Weapons.
Have chemical attacks conducted in the past by such groups like
the Japanese terrorist group Aum Shinrikyo or the Iraqi
government in the late 1980s had a significant effect on
counterterrorism preparedness against chemical weapons in the
United States? Why or Why not? And do you feel the more
recent chemical attack by the Syrian government against their
own people will have an impact on chemical weapon
preparedness here in the United States? Why or why not?
350 word minimum Include citations