This is the 5th lesson of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development taught to students of BA (General), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is the 3rd lesson taught to students of B.A. (General) at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, under the course; Water Resources Planning and Development
Environmental Problems in Water Resources Development. This is the 2nd lesson taught to students of B.A. (General) degree programme under Water Resources Planning and Development Course at Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale.
This presentation explains the ancient master plan of water resources management, tank cascades - spatial distribution, definitions, and importance, ecosystem services, and functions and planning procedures.
The lecture delivered for Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture Project in 11 districts of Sri Lanka. It explains the difference between climate and weather, factors affecting climate variation in Sri Lanka, Rainfall, altitude, degree of wetness etc.
Lesson 1 wrpd introduction - Ancient water resources management in Sri Lanka Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is the first lesson of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development, taught to the students of BA (General) at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is the third lecture of the course 'Irrigation based Agro-ecosystems' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is the second lesson 'Defining Poverty' taught in a Diploma course on Environment and Poverty (Sinhala) conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka.
This is the 3rd lesson taught to students of B.A. (General) at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, under the course; Water Resources Planning and Development
Environmental Problems in Water Resources Development. This is the 2nd lesson taught to students of B.A. (General) degree programme under Water Resources Planning and Development Course at Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale.
This presentation explains the ancient master plan of water resources management, tank cascades - spatial distribution, definitions, and importance, ecosystem services, and functions and planning procedures.
The lecture delivered for Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture Project in 11 districts of Sri Lanka. It explains the difference between climate and weather, factors affecting climate variation in Sri Lanka, Rainfall, altitude, degree of wetness etc.
Lesson 1 wrpd introduction - Ancient water resources management in Sri Lanka Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is the first lesson of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale
This is the 7th lesson of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development, taught to the students of BA (General) at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is the third lecture of the course 'Irrigation based Agro-ecosystems' conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
This is the second lesson 'Defining Poverty' taught in a Diploma course on Environment and Poverty (Sinhala) conducted at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka.
The document discusses the Indus River watershed and the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. It provides background on the watershed and then summarizes the key points of the treaty, including:
1) The treaty divided control of the Indus river system between the two countries, giving the eastern rivers to India and the western rivers to Pakistan.
2) It was brokered by the World Bank in 1960 to resolve disputes over sharing the river's waters.
3) The treaty allowed India to build projects on western rivers subject to constraints to ensure Pakistan's interests, but disputes have arisen such as over the Baglihar and Kishanganga projects.
4) Critics argue the
The document provides an overview of water resources and irrigation management in Pakistan. It discusses irrigation as a system to artificially apply water to soils for plant growth. The major components of Pakistan's irrigation system are described, including intake structures, conveyance canals, and field application methods. An overview of the history and development of irrigation in the region is given. Key elements of Pakistan's Indus Basin Irrigation System are summarized, such as the major dams, barrages, link canals, and distribution of irrigated areas.
Village ponds in Punjab were traditionally used for rainwater storage and groundwater recharging, but many have become choked and unsanitary. The Department of Water Supply & Sanitation has renovated ponds using waste stabilization techniques to treat greywater, dividing ponds into sedimentation, facultative, and maturation compartments. This natural treatment process improves sanitation and creates an additional storage space for rainwater harvesting while requiring low costs and no electricity. Testing shows the treated water meets standards for reuse in irrigation. The pond renovation project has been appreciated by officials and helps solve sanitation issues in villages.
This document provides an overview of various topics related to irrigation, including different irrigation methods like drip, sprinkler and border strip irrigation. It discusses design aspects and components of these systems as well as their operation and maintenance. Other topics covered include irrigation scheduling, efficiency and water quality issues. It also touches on water management challenges like waterlogging and the role of community participation and water user organizations. The document outlines the term work which involves a presentation, assignments and exam on the introductory chapters.
IRJET - Design of Water Distribution Network using EPANET SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document describes using EPANET software to design a water distribution network for three wards in AnjarakandyGrama Panchayath, Kannur district, India. EPANET was used to carry out the design and hydraulic analysis of the network. Input data on nodes, pipes, demands, and system parameters were modeled in EPANET. The results from EPANET, including pressures at nodes and flows/velocities in pipes, showed the designed system was feasible. The performance of the EPANET model was also compared to a manual Hardy-Cross method analysis.
Requirements of human are increasing tremendously with massive change along with the evolution of human and its development. This creates stress on the natural resources; such as water, lands, forest, etc. Freshwater demand is highly increased with the growing population and the change in lifestyle of people. Hence, the concept of interbasin water transfer was developed to minimize water scarcity and to distribute water as per requirements. However, this has brought lots of negative consequences that became a challenge to preserve the earth systems. The National River Linking Plan (NRLP) is developed by the Government of India to resolve water scarcity and that plan became controversial especially on the transboundary water right issues. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to highlight all the major and minor consequences that might happen due to the NRLP project with the perspective of making sustainable environmental development. The study revealed that for the sustainable development; every issue related to nature, socio-cultural and transboundary water right must be addressed and water should be distributed in such a manner that it solves the issues of spatial and temporal water availability.
Lessons adoptable from ancient water management of Sri LankaDr. P.B.Dharmasena
The presentation discussed the objectives of ancient water management in Sri Lanka as:
1. Irrigation for food production
2. Human needs (settlement, drinking water, bathing, domestic needs etc.)
3. Rainwater harvesting systems
4. Environmental existence (flora, fauna etc.)
5. Building cities (Anuradhapura, Sigiriya etc.)
6. Urban planning
7. Basis for administrative boundaries
8. Mitigation of natural disasters (drought, flood, cyclone, epidemics etc.)
The Sardar Sarovar Dam project includes:
1) A gravity dam on the Narmada River near Navagam, Gujarat that aims to provide irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power to parts of Gujarat and other states.
2) A reservoir with storage capacity of 5,860 cubic hectometers that will irrigate over 1.8 million hectares of land and provide drinking water to over 29 million people.
3) Installed hydropower capacity of 1,450 megawatts to generate electricity.
The document discusses urban flooding in the Chandbarh and Shakti Nagar areas of Bhopal, India. It analyzes the causes of flooding in Chandbarh, which has narrow streets and drainage canals, dense population, and little green space. In contrast, Shakti Nagar has wider streets, planned development, trees along roads, and parks, resulting in less flooding. The document then provides seven potential solutions to reduce urban flooding, including preserving forests and wetlands, installing green and blue roofs, building tree trenches and bioswales, using permeable pavement, and collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns. All solutions require regular maintenance to function properly over the long term.
T7: SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED ...FAO
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
This is lesson 6 of IKS taught to Master level students on Indigenous Irrigation Systems at the Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
indus basin and salient fatures of barrages and link canals in pakistanM. Zahaib Mudabber Khan
The document discusses Pakistan's Indus Basin Irrigation System, which diverts around 74% of annual river flows into its extensive canal network, while the rest flows into the sea or is lost in the river system. However, the irrigation system has very low efficiency, with 53% of water (55 MAF) lost during conveyance through canals and field channels, resulting in an overall conveyance efficiency of just 47%. Improving the efficiency of the irrigation system and reducing the large amounts of water lost during conveyance could help address water scarcity issues.
This document lists 50 water resource engineering projects available for students in BE/B.Tech and ME/M.Tech programs through Sree Samarth Project Solution located in Aurangabad, India. The projects cover a wide range of topics related to groundwater analysis, rainwater harvesting, water quality studies, irrigation systems, watershed management, and wastewater treatment. Contact information is provided for students to learn more about specific projects that interest them.
This is lesson No. 9 of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development taught to BA (General) degree students at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale
1. Heavy rainfall in Kashmir led to severe flooding in 2014 due to failures in flood monitoring and warnings by agencies. Dredging of rivers made flooding worse by increasing sediment loads.
2. The lack of dams exacerbated flooding, though dams are limited by agreements. Strategically placed dams could help control flooding but political issues have prevented their construction.
3. Increasing development in flood plains and loss of wetlands have reduced flood absorption capacity and made flooding more severe.
The document discusses integrated water resource management and its various components and challenges. It addresses managing water resources for multiple purposes across different agencies, regions, and disciplines. Integrated management considers natural water systems and promotes conservation, public health, and stakeholder involvement through a dynamic process. It emphasizes efficient agricultural water use and managing irrigation water for drinking. Conservation planning and least-cost planning are methods to balance supply and demand management.
The document discusses the Indus River watershed and the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan. It provides background on the watershed and then summarizes the key points of the treaty, including:
1) The treaty divided control of the Indus river system between the two countries, giving the eastern rivers to India and the western rivers to Pakistan.
2) It was brokered by the World Bank in 1960 to resolve disputes over sharing the river's waters.
3) The treaty allowed India to build projects on western rivers subject to constraints to ensure Pakistan's interests, but disputes have arisen such as over the Baglihar and Kishanganga projects.
4) Critics argue the
The document provides an overview of water resources and irrigation management in Pakistan. It discusses irrigation as a system to artificially apply water to soils for plant growth. The major components of Pakistan's irrigation system are described, including intake structures, conveyance canals, and field application methods. An overview of the history and development of irrigation in the region is given. Key elements of Pakistan's Indus Basin Irrigation System are summarized, such as the major dams, barrages, link canals, and distribution of irrigated areas.
Village ponds in Punjab were traditionally used for rainwater storage and groundwater recharging, but many have become choked and unsanitary. The Department of Water Supply & Sanitation has renovated ponds using waste stabilization techniques to treat greywater, dividing ponds into sedimentation, facultative, and maturation compartments. This natural treatment process improves sanitation and creates an additional storage space for rainwater harvesting while requiring low costs and no electricity. Testing shows the treated water meets standards for reuse in irrigation. The pond renovation project has been appreciated by officials and helps solve sanitation issues in villages.
This document provides an overview of various topics related to irrigation, including different irrigation methods like drip, sprinkler and border strip irrigation. It discusses design aspects and components of these systems as well as their operation and maintenance. Other topics covered include irrigation scheduling, efficiency and water quality issues. It also touches on water management challenges like waterlogging and the role of community participation and water user organizations. The document outlines the term work which involves a presentation, assignments and exam on the introductory chapters.
IRJET - Design of Water Distribution Network using EPANET SoftwareIRJET Journal
This document describes using EPANET software to design a water distribution network for three wards in AnjarakandyGrama Panchayath, Kannur district, India. EPANET was used to carry out the design and hydraulic analysis of the network. Input data on nodes, pipes, demands, and system parameters were modeled in EPANET. The results from EPANET, including pressures at nodes and flows/velocities in pipes, showed the designed system was feasible. The performance of the EPANET model was also compared to a manual Hardy-Cross method analysis.
Requirements of human are increasing tremendously with massive change along with the evolution of human and its development. This creates stress on the natural resources; such as water, lands, forest, etc. Freshwater demand is highly increased with the growing population and the change in lifestyle of people. Hence, the concept of interbasin water transfer was developed to minimize water scarcity and to distribute water as per requirements. However, this has brought lots of negative consequences that became a challenge to preserve the earth systems. The National River Linking Plan (NRLP) is developed by the Government of India to resolve water scarcity and that plan became controversial especially on the transboundary water right issues. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to highlight all the major and minor consequences that might happen due to the NRLP project with the perspective of making sustainable environmental development. The study revealed that for the sustainable development; every issue related to nature, socio-cultural and transboundary water right must be addressed and water should be distributed in such a manner that it solves the issues of spatial and temporal water availability.
Lessons adoptable from ancient water management of Sri LankaDr. P.B.Dharmasena
The presentation discussed the objectives of ancient water management in Sri Lanka as:
1. Irrigation for food production
2. Human needs (settlement, drinking water, bathing, domestic needs etc.)
3. Rainwater harvesting systems
4. Environmental existence (flora, fauna etc.)
5. Building cities (Anuradhapura, Sigiriya etc.)
6. Urban planning
7. Basis for administrative boundaries
8. Mitigation of natural disasters (drought, flood, cyclone, epidemics etc.)
The Sardar Sarovar Dam project includes:
1) A gravity dam on the Narmada River near Navagam, Gujarat that aims to provide irrigation, drinking water, and hydroelectric power to parts of Gujarat and other states.
2) A reservoir with storage capacity of 5,860 cubic hectometers that will irrigate over 1.8 million hectares of land and provide drinking water to over 29 million people.
3) Installed hydropower capacity of 1,450 megawatts to generate electricity.
The document discusses urban flooding in the Chandbarh and Shakti Nagar areas of Bhopal, India. It analyzes the causes of flooding in Chandbarh, which has narrow streets and drainage canals, dense population, and little green space. In contrast, Shakti Nagar has wider streets, planned development, trees along roads, and parks, resulting in less flooding. The document then provides seven potential solutions to reduce urban flooding, including preserving forests and wetlands, installing green and blue roofs, building tree trenches and bioswales, using permeable pavement, and collecting rainwater in barrels or cisterns. All solutions require regular maintenance to function properly over the long term.
T7: SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED ...FAO
SUSTAINABLE WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF INTEGRATED WATER MANAGEMENT, BY: A.ELMAJOUDI, Water, Soil Conservation and Forests Protection Division (HCEFLCD- MOROCCO), Land and Water Days in Near East & North Africa, 15-18 December 2013, Amman, Jordan
This is lesson 6 of IKS taught to Master level students on Indigenous Irrigation Systems at the Faculty of Agriculture, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
indus basin and salient fatures of barrages and link canals in pakistanM. Zahaib Mudabber Khan
The document discusses Pakistan's Indus Basin Irrigation System, which diverts around 74% of annual river flows into its extensive canal network, while the rest flows into the sea or is lost in the river system. However, the irrigation system has very low efficiency, with 53% of water (55 MAF) lost during conveyance through canals and field channels, resulting in an overall conveyance efficiency of just 47%. Improving the efficiency of the irrigation system and reducing the large amounts of water lost during conveyance could help address water scarcity issues.
This document lists 50 water resource engineering projects available for students in BE/B.Tech and ME/M.Tech programs through Sree Samarth Project Solution located in Aurangabad, India. The projects cover a wide range of topics related to groundwater analysis, rainwater harvesting, water quality studies, irrigation systems, watershed management, and wastewater treatment. Contact information is provided for students to learn more about specific projects that interest them.
This is lesson No. 9 of the course - Water Resources Planning and Development taught to BA (General) degree students at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Mihintale
1. Heavy rainfall in Kashmir led to severe flooding in 2014 due to failures in flood monitoring and warnings by agencies. Dredging of rivers made flooding worse by increasing sediment loads.
2. The lack of dams exacerbated flooding, though dams are limited by agreements. Strategically placed dams could help control flooding but political issues have prevented their construction.
3. Increasing development in flood plains and loss of wetlands have reduced flood absorption capacity and made flooding more severe.
The document discusses integrated water resource management and its various components and challenges. It addresses managing water resources for multiple purposes across different agencies, regions, and disciplines. Integrated management considers natural water systems and promotes conservation, public health, and stakeholder involvement through a dynamic process. It emphasizes efficient agricultural water use and managing irrigation water for drinking. Conservation planning and least-cost planning are methods to balance supply and demand management.
Presentation made at a Webinar Program on 11th June 2024 for World Environment Day organized jointly by Organization of Environment & Children Rights Preservation (OECRP), and Ace Property & Business Consultants (Pvt.) Ltd (APB)
This is a presentation made on Climate Smart Agriculture for training of trainers under the project on Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
4 Climate Resilience WV English for training of trainersDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a presentation made for trainers on Climate Resilience
under the project on Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
This is a TOT presentation made on Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for the project - Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
2 Climate change on agriculture for training of trainersDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a TOT presentation on Agriculture and Climate Change
made for the project - Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
1 Climate and Soil for training of trainers.WV English.pdfDr. P.B.Dharmasena
This is a presentation made for trainers on soil and climate under the project on Building Resilience and Strengthening Community Disaster Preparedness in Sri Lanka
Developing 2050 Carbon Net Zero Road Map & Strategic Plan for Sri Lanka - ...Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
This validation workshop was held after preparing the Road Map and Strategic Plan for Sri Lanka and the authors are responsible for the agriculture sector.
Sustainable Water Management in Cascade System: A model in Environmentally Se...Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
This document summarizes a presentation given at the International Water Conference in Sri Lanka on sustainable water management in tank cascade systems. Some key points:
- Tank cascade systems are a traditional Sri Lankan method of water resources management that store, convey, and utilize water across interconnected tanks and streams. This helps mitigate droughts and floods.
- The Village Tank Cascade System was declared a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System by the UN's FAO for its sustainable practices.
- Challenges include high amounts of water lost to the sea each year, lack of coordination between water agencies, and ignoring traditional management systems.
- Tank cascades provide multiple benefits like food/water security, biodiversity,
Restoration of Tank Cascade Systems for Productivity and SustainabilityDr. P.B.Dharmasena
Presentation made for Technical staff of Climate Resilient Integrated Water Management Project (CRIWMP) at Kurunegala on 9th May 2018
Why cascade systems again?
Drought and flood events can be expected more due to climate change
High prevalence of poverty in tank cascade areas
Mal-nutrition can be greatly reduced by tank fishery and animal husbandry
Better land use under cascade principles – addresses ecological issues such as clearance of village forests, unsustainable land use etc.
Improve living conditions
Health issues ? – drinking water, contamination of agro-chemicals and heavy metals leads to kidney failures, malaria etc.
Most importantly It is an answer to drought hazards
A rainwater harvesting technology;
A soil moisture and groundwater maintaining technology;
A soil erosion and siltation control technology;
A technology that ensured the maintenance of ecological balance;
A technology that promotes social cohesion and needs for community leadership;
A system that accommodates spiritual development which promotes egalitarian (equally treated) attitudes especially during droughts;
A system that nurtured the development of drought insurance through animal husbandry
Cascade Tank Village System and identification of novel post graduate researc...Dr. P.B.Dharmasena
Seminar on Research collaboration opportunities with School of Environment and Rural Science, University of New England, Australia - 14th September 2018, NRMC, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Main GHGs from agricultural lands are CH4 and N2O
GHG emission can be reduced by 60 % in 2050 through:
Removal of rice straws and through good management practices in paddy fields
Use alternatives to chemical fertilizer
CH4 reduction from livestock by improving feed quality and animal comfort
Reduce N2O emission in soils
Enhance C sequestration in paddy and rainfed uplands through ‘Evergreen Agro-ecosystem’ concept
Carbon stock in agricultural lands can be enhanced by improving land management practices
C sequestration in tea lands can be increased through: Agro-ecosystem approach; Crop diversification; Intercropping; Introduction of shade trees with optimum density; and Rehabilitation of old tea lands
C stock can be increased by 267 % by the year 2050 through Home Garden Intensification
If the proposed mitigation actions are implemented, the country will be able to achieve Net Zero by 2038.
This lecture was delivered to Agricultural Instructors working for Climate Smart Agriculture Project in 11 districts in the dry zone of Sri Lanka. It includes Climate Smart Agriculture, Special characters in CSA, technological packages for crops such as paddy, maize etc. and livestock such as cattle, poultry etc.
4. Global mean temperatures are rising faster with time
100 0.0740.018
50 0.1280.026
Warmest 12 years:
1998,2005,2003,2002,2004,2006,
2001,1997,1995,1999,1990,2000