This document provides information about Leo Tolstoy's home called Yasnaya Polyana. It describes the main attractions for visitors, including tours of Tolstoy's house where many original furnishings are kept. The grounds also contain orchards, forests and fields. Tolstoy is buried on the estate, and it remains an important site of pilgrimage for his followers. The document also profiles Tolstoy's life and works, and mentions some of the famous Russian artists like Ilya Repin who painted portraits of Tolstoy and captured scenes from his life on the estate. Finally, it discusses Russian cultural traditions and characters associated with the New Year's holidays like Ded Moroz, Snegurochka and the decorated
This document provides an overview of several famous places, people, artworks, and cultural idioms from Russia:
1) It discusses the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, including its history and renovations, and provides images of its interior over time.
2) It introduces the famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, describing some of his most well-known compositions like The Nutcracker and Swan Lake.
3) It profiles the Russian artist Mikhail Vrubel from the late 19th century, describing his distinctive style and analyzing some of his major works including The Demon Sitting.
4) It examines the Firebird, an important figure in Russian folk
This document provides an overview of famous places, people, artists, and cultural objects in Russia. It discusses St. Basil's Cathedral, the famous Russian poet Alexander Pushkin and his works, the artist Boris Kustodiev and some of his paintings depicting Russian folk scenes and holidays. It also describes samovars, the metal containers used for boiling water to make tea, a staple of Russian culture often depicted in Kustodiev's paintings of merchants. Colorful details about Russian traditions like Maslenitsa week and portraits of Pushkin enrich the cultural context.
The document summarizes key visual and cultural aspects of Russian history and St. Petersburg. It discusses famous landmarks like the Winter Palace and Palace Square. It profiles two influential rulers, Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, who Westernized Russia and founded St. Petersburg. It also profiles the painter Vasily Surikov and describes some of his most famous historical paintings. It concludes with an overview of the Bronze Horseman statue of Peter the Great, including its origins and cultural significance as depicted in Pushkin's poem.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born in 1799 in Moscow to a noble family. He attended the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum from 1811-1817 and began writing poetry there. Some of his early works included "Ruslan and Lyudmila." He married Natalia Goncharova in 1831. In 1837, Pushkin died from wounds sustained in a duel with a French emigrant who was infatuated with Pushkin's wife. Pushkin is considered the founder of modern Russian literature and his works helped establish Russian as a standard literary language. He was renowned as Russia's greatest poet even during his lifetime.
Igor Stravinsky was a Russian composer who revolutionized rhythmic structure through his compositions for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. He incorporated Russian folk songs in innovative ways in some of his most famous ballets, including The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring. Stravinsky blended familiar folk melodies with contemporary techniques to create groundbreaking works that premiered in Paris and established his legacy.
Anton Chekhov was a renowned Russian short story writer and playwright born in 1860. He wrote prolifically and produced four classic plays that influenced modern drama. Although he wrote stories initially just for money, he developed his craft and made innovations to the short story form. Chekhov struggled with tuberculosis for much of his life but continued writing from his home in Crimea until his death. He is still highly regarded for his subtle and insightful works that explored human psychology and the issues of everyday life.
Russian-Ukrainian peace-treaty in Newton, U.S. def. version (1)Griet Leyers
The Commonwealth Lyric Theatre will stage the Ukrainian comic opera "Cossack Beyond the Danube" in May 2015. The opera was composed in 1863 by Semyon Hulak-Artemovsky and tells the story of Ukrainian Cossacks who are forced to relocate to the Ottoman Empire. The Commonwealth Lyric Theatre, led by Olga Lisovskaya and Alexander Prokhorov, will perform the opera in Ukrainian with English subtitles. Their production features Russian and American singers and will tour Newton, Massachusetts, Hartford, Connecticut and Albany, New York in May.
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children, though his son Hamnet died in childhood. During the 1580s-1590s, Shakespeare likely worked as an actor and playwright in London. He was a founding member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men theatrical troupe. Shakespeare wrote around 38 plays and 154 sonnets over his career and enjoyed popularity and success in his time, though the chronology and categorization of his works remains debated among scholars. He retired to Stratford in his final years and died in 1616 at age 52.
This document provides an overview of several famous places, people, artworks, and cultural idioms from Russia:
1) It discusses the Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow, including its history and renovations, and provides images of its interior over time.
2) It introduces the famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, describing some of his most well-known compositions like The Nutcracker and Swan Lake.
3) It profiles the Russian artist Mikhail Vrubel from the late 19th century, describing his distinctive style and analyzing some of his major works including The Demon Sitting.
4) It examines the Firebird, an important figure in Russian folk
This document provides an overview of famous places, people, artists, and cultural objects in Russia. It discusses St. Basil's Cathedral, the famous Russian poet Alexander Pushkin and his works, the artist Boris Kustodiev and some of his paintings depicting Russian folk scenes and holidays. It also describes samovars, the metal containers used for boiling water to make tea, a staple of Russian culture often depicted in Kustodiev's paintings of merchants. Colorful details about Russian traditions like Maslenitsa week and portraits of Pushkin enrich the cultural context.
The document summarizes key visual and cultural aspects of Russian history and St. Petersburg. It discusses famous landmarks like the Winter Palace and Palace Square. It profiles two influential rulers, Peter the Great and Catherine the Great, who Westernized Russia and founded St. Petersburg. It also profiles the painter Vasily Surikov and describes some of his most famous historical paintings. It concludes with an overview of the Bronze Horseman statue of Peter the Great, including its origins and cultural significance as depicted in Pushkin's poem.
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was born in 1799 in Moscow to a noble family. He attended the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum from 1811-1817 and began writing poetry there. Some of his early works included "Ruslan and Lyudmila." He married Natalia Goncharova in 1831. In 1837, Pushkin died from wounds sustained in a duel with a French emigrant who was infatuated with Pushkin's wife. Pushkin is considered the founder of modern Russian literature and his works helped establish Russian as a standard literary language. He was renowned as Russia's greatest poet even during his lifetime.
Igor Stravinsky was a Russian composer who revolutionized rhythmic structure through his compositions for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. He incorporated Russian folk songs in innovative ways in some of his most famous ballets, including The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring. Stravinsky blended familiar folk melodies with contemporary techniques to create groundbreaking works that premiered in Paris and established his legacy.
Anton Chekhov was a renowned Russian short story writer and playwright born in 1860. He wrote prolifically and produced four classic plays that influenced modern drama. Although he wrote stories initially just for money, he developed his craft and made innovations to the short story form. Chekhov struggled with tuberculosis for much of his life but continued writing from his home in Crimea until his death. He is still highly regarded for his subtle and insightful works that explored human psychology and the issues of everyday life.
Russian-Ukrainian peace-treaty in Newton, U.S. def. version (1)Griet Leyers
The Commonwealth Lyric Theatre will stage the Ukrainian comic opera "Cossack Beyond the Danube" in May 2015. The opera was composed in 1863 by Semyon Hulak-Artemovsky and tells the story of Ukrainian Cossacks who are forced to relocate to the Ottoman Empire. The Commonwealth Lyric Theatre, led by Olga Lisovskaya and Alexander Prokhorov, will perform the opera in Ukrainian with English subtitles. Their production features Russian and American singers and will tour Newton, Massachusetts, Hartford, Connecticut and Albany, New York in May.
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children, though his son Hamnet died in childhood. During the 1580s-1590s, Shakespeare likely worked as an actor and playwright in London. He was a founding member of the Lord Chamberlain's Men theatrical troupe. Shakespeare wrote around 38 plays and 154 sonnets over his career and enjoyed popularity and success in his time, though the chronology and categorization of his works remains debated among scholars. He retired to Stratford in his final years and died in 1616 at age 52.
Josef Lada was a Czech painter, illustrator, cartoonist and writer born in 1887. He is considered one of the greatest Czech artists of all time. He is best known for his children's books and illustrations, creating over 15,000 pieces of artwork. To this day, Lada's illustrations remain popular in the Czech Republic and his work has become an inseparable part of Czech cultural heritage.
PETROV-VODKIN, Kuzma, Featured Paintings in Detailguimera
The document provides details on several paintings by the Russian artist Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, including Bathing of the Red Horse (1912), The Dream (1910), The Mother of God of Tenderness Toward Evil Hearts (1914-1915), 1918 in Petrograd (1920), Violin (1918), and The Death of a Commissar (1928). For each painting, the document provides information on the year created, materials, dimensions, and location in a museum or art gallery. It also occasionally provides a brief description of the painting or context about the artist.
Igor Stravinsky was a renowned 20th century Russian composer who was born in 1882 in Russia and died in 1971 in New York. He wrote extensively in genres including opera, ballet, vocal/instrumental pieces and was highly influential in pioneering modernist styles. Stravinsky studied at St. Petersburg University and worked closely with impresario Sergei Diaghilev, producing famous ballets like The Firebird, Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and baptized a few days later. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children with her, though his son Hamnet died in childhood. Shakespeare left his family and moved to London in the 1580s to work as an actor and playwright. He became very successful in London, writing plays for the Lord Chamberlain's Company and acquiring shares in two theaters. Shakespeare wrote around two plays per year until 1611, including some of his most famous works like Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He retired to Stratford in his final years and died there in 1616 at the age of 52.
The Russian avant-garde period from 1907-1917 saw an enormous outpouring of creativity and individualism across many artistic movements in Russia, including Symbolism, Acmeism, Primitivism, Futurism, and Cubism. Key figures and events discussed include the Stray Dog café in St. Petersburg, which hosted many avant-garde artists and poets; composer Alexander Scriabin and his transcendent Third Symphony; Symbolist poet Alexander Blok; Acmeist poet Anna Akhmatova; Futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky and his revolutionary poem "Our March"; and painter Kazimir Malevich's seminal abstract painting "Black Square." The period represented a shift from Symbolist transcend
Anton Chekhov was born in 1860 in Taganrog, Russia to a family that had previously been serfs. As a young man, he moved to Moscow and began writing comic stories to pay for his medical school tuition. He was later diagnosed with tuberculosis and died of the disease in 1904. The provided document also includes a character list for Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard.
The document summarizes Russian literature and writers from the 18th century. It discusses several major writers from this era including Mikhail Lomonosov, Ivan Krylov, Nikolai Karamzin, Denis Fonvizi, Aleksandr Radishchev, and Gavrila Derzhavin. These writers contributed to developing the Russian language and culture through poems, fables, plays, and histories. While some writers were supported by Russian rulers, others faced exile for their more radical or critical works.
William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He wrote some of the most famous plays in English literature, including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth. Little is known about Shakespeare's early life and education. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and had three children. In the 1580s, he left Stratford for London and began working as an actor and playwright. His plays were performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men theatre company at the Globe Theatre. Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, and historical plays, and his works have been translated into every major language. He died in 1616 at the
Anton pavlovich chekhov гофман анна 9 классVictorushka
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian physician and author born in 1860 in Taganrog, Russia to a merchant family. He trained and worked as a doctor while also writing short stories and plays that became classics of world literature. During his lifetime, Chekhov wrote over 900 works and is renowned for plays such as The Cherry Orchard, Ivanov, and Three Sisters. He married the talented actress Olga Knipper in 1901 and continued writing until his death in 1904.
Shostakovich was forced to compose music in older, more conservative styles to avoid imprisonment during Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union. While facing pressure from officials to conform, he also felt compassion for the suffering of his fellow citizens. Through his music, Shostakovich was able to express powerful emotions while subtly concealing rebellious themes within his compositions.
This document provides biographies of several notable Polish authors from the National Revival period in Poland. It describes prominent playwrights, poets and novelists such as Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, Stanisław Wyspiański, Aleksander Fredro, Cyprian Kamil Norwid, Lucjan Rydel, Gabriela Zapolska, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Witold Gombrowicz, and Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II). These authors made significant contributions to Polish literature and culture during the period of Poland's partitions under foreign rule.
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow _ Picture Gallery, The Masterpieces (2)guimera
The document provides details on several artworks from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia. It includes descriptions of paintings such as Portrait of Peter III by Aleksey Petrovich Antropov, Boyarina Morozova by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov depicting a 17th century religious figure, A Cafe in Paris by Konstantin Alekseyevich Korovin showing an Impressionist scene, and The Bathing of the Red Horse by Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin containing Communist symbolism. It also describes religious icons such as the Holy Trinity by Andrei Rublev and the 16th century "Blessed Be the Host of the King of Heaven." Each artwork
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow _ Picture Gallery, The Masterpieces (1)guimera
This document contains descriptions of several artworks from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia. It includes summaries of Mikhail Vrubel's 1900 painting "Swan Princess", depicting the character from Pushkin's fairy tale, Boris Kustodiev's 1915 painting "A Beauty", portraying an idealized Russian woman, Mikhail Vrubel's 1890 painting "Demon (Sitting)" representing the artist's quest for beauty, and brief descriptions of other portraits and paintings held in the gallery.
Richard Wagner was a German composer, theorist, and conductor born in 1813 who had a revolutionary influence on Western music. Some of his major operatic works include The Flying Dutchman, Tannhauser, Lohengrin, Tristan and Isolde, and the four operas that make up The Ring of the Nibelung cycle. Wagner sought to integrate music, poetry, dance, and visual components into a new form of "total work of art." Though controversial in his time, he changed the course of opera and inspired many other art forms with his innovative music dramas and theories.
Richard Wagner was a German composer born in 1813 in Leipzig. He was a revolutionary composer, conductor, music theorist and essayist who was influential in the development of opera. A defining moment was hearing Beethoven's symphony which inspired him to become a musician. He was also involved in the German nationalist movement and had to flee Germany after a failed revolution, spending 12 years in exile. Some of his most famous works include Lohengrin, Tristan und Isolde, The Ring Cycle, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, The Flying Dutchman and his final opera Parsifal.
Mikhailo Hlinka was a Russian composer and founder of the Russian composers' school who made major contributions to Russian classical music. He composed 80 romances and is known for pieces like "I Remember a Wonderful Moment" and "Don't Tempt." Hlinka believed that people create music and composers share it, so his creations became national songs. After studying in Saint Petersburg University and spending time abroad, Hlinka returned to Russia and created the first Russian national opera, "Ivan Susanin," establishing a new Russian style of symphonic music.
Richard Wagner was a German composer known for his epic operas who was born in 1813 in Leipzig, Germany. He wrote his first opera at age 21 called "The Fairies" and went on to compose 13 stage works that reformed opera by making it continuous without breaks between scenes. Some of his most famous and influential works included "The Ring of the Nibelung" and "Tristan and Isolde." Wagner had a controversial political image as a revolutionary socialist and some of his writings were later cited as an influence on Hitler, though his music remained widely popular after his death in 1883.
Uzi Ben-Ami, Ph.D., is a Maryland-licensed psychologist with more than four decades of experience. Outside of his professional responsibilities, Uzi Ben-Ami, Ph.D., has developed a deep appreciation for symphonic music, including the works of Igor Stravinsky.
1. This document provides a chronology of key dates related to William Shakespeare's life and career from his birth in 1564 to 1709. It details his upbringing in Stratford-upon-Avon, marriage, children, and move to London in the 1590s where he began his career as an actor and playwright.
2. In London, Shakespeare wrote and performed in plays for the Chamberlain's Men and later the King's Men acting troupes. Some of his most famous works from this time include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and King Lear.
3. In the early 1600s, Shakespeare began spending more time in Stratford and writing fewer plays. He
Ilya Repin A Painter from Ukraine (Version with pictures)Thomas M. Prymak
Ilya Repin was a famous Russian painter born in 1844 in Ukraine. He is best known for his painting "The Zaporozhian Cossacks Writing a Letter to the Turkish Sultan", which depicts Ukrainian Cossacks and became popular in both the Soviet Union and post-Soviet era. Although Repin left Ukraine early in his career to study in St. Petersburg, he maintained ties to Ukraine and Ukrainian themes throughout his life. This document discusses Repin's Ukrainian roots and connections, as well as his identity as a painter from Ukraine, which was downplayed during the Soviet period due to censorship.
Leo Tolstoy was a renowned Russian author born in 1828. He wrote acclaimed novels like War and Peace and Anna Karenina. After experiencing success as a writer, Tolstoy underwent a spiritual crisis and developed his own unconventional religious beliefs, causing a rift with the Russian Orthodox Church and straining his marriage. He spent his later years establishing himself as a moral and religious leader while continuing to write, before dying in 1910 at the age of 82. To this day, Tolstoy is considered one of the greatest authors of all time.
Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) was the first major composer of classical music in Russia. He composed two important early Russian operas, Ivan Susanin and Ruslan and Lyudmila. Glinka's operas incorporated Russian folk music elements and helped establish a national style of classical music in Russia. His works were influential in the development of later 19th century Russian composers like Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Josef Lada was a Czech painter, illustrator, cartoonist and writer born in 1887. He is considered one of the greatest Czech artists of all time. He is best known for his children's books and illustrations, creating over 15,000 pieces of artwork. To this day, Lada's illustrations remain popular in the Czech Republic and his work has become an inseparable part of Czech cultural heritage.
PETROV-VODKIN, Kuzma, Featured Paintings in Detailguimera
The document provides details on several paintings by the Russian artist Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin, including Bathing of the Red Horse (1912), The Dream (1910), The Mother of God of Tenderness Toward Evil Hearts (1914-1915), 1918 in Petrograd (1920), Violin (1918), and The Death of a Commissar (1928). For each painting, the document provides information on the year created, materials, dimensions, and location in a museum or art gallery. It also occasionally provides a brief description of the painting or context about the artist.
Igor Stravinsky was a renowned 20th century Russian composer who was born in 1882 in Russia and died in 1971 in New York. He wrote extensively in genres including opera, ballet, vocal/instrumental pieces and was highly influential in pioneering modernist styles. Stravinsky studied at St. Petersburg University and worked closely with impresario Sergei Diaghilev, producing famous ballets like The Firebird, Petrushka and The Rite of Spring.
William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-upon-Avon in 1564 and baptized a few days later. He married Anne Hathaway at age 18 and had three children with her, though his son Hamnet died in childhood. Shakespeare left his family and moved to London in the 1580s to work as an actor and playwright. He became very successful in London, writing plays for the Lord Chamberlain's Company and acquiring shares in two theaters. Shakespeare wrote around two plays per year until 1611, including some of his most famous works like Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. He retired to Stratford in his final years and died there in 1616 at the age of 52.
The Russian avant-garde period from 1907-1917 saw an enormous outpouring of creativity and individualism across many artistic movements in Russia, including Symbolism, Acmeism, Primitivism, Futurism, and Cubism. Key figures and events discussed include the Stray Dog café in St. Petersburg, which hosted many avant-garde artists and poets; composer Alexander Scriabin and his transcendent Third Symphony; Symbolist poet Alexander Blok; Acmeist poet Anna Akhmatova; Futurist poet Vladimir Mayakovsky and his revolutionary poem "Our March"; and painter Kazimir Malevich's seminal abstract painting "Black Square." The period represented a shift from Symbolist transcend
Anton Chekhov was born in 1860 in Taganrog, Russia to a family that had previously been serfs. As a young man, he moved to Moscow and began writing comic stories to pay for his medical school tuition. He was later diagnosed with tuberculosis and died of the disease in 1904. The provided document also includes a character list for Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard.
The document summarizes Russian literature and writers from the 18th century. It discusses several major writers from this era including Mikhail Lomonosov, Ivan Krylov, Nikolai Karamzin, Denis Fonvizi, Aleksandr Radishchev, and Gavrila Derzhavin. These writers contributed to developing the Russian language and culture through poems, fables, plays, and histories. While some writers were supported by Russian rulers, others faced exile for their more radical or critical works.
William Shakespeare was an English playwright and poet born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. He wrote some of the most famous plays in English literature, including Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and Macbeth. Little is known about Shakespeare's early life and education. He married Anne Hathaway in 1582 and had three children. In the 1580s, he left Stratford for London and began working as an actor and playwright. His plays were performed by the Lord Chamberlain's Men theatre company at the Globe Theatre. Shakespeare wrote comedies, tragedies, and historical plays, and his works have been translated into every major language. He died in 1616 at the
Anton pavlovich chekhov гофман анна 9 классVictorushka
Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a Russian physician and author born in 1860 in Taganrog, Russia to a merchant family. He trained and worked as a doctor while also writing short stories and plays that became classics of world literature. During his lifetime, Chekhov wrote over 900 works and is renowned for plays such as The Cherry Orchard, Ivanov, and Three Sisters. He married the talented actress Olga Knipper in 1901 and continued writing until his death in 1904.
Shostakovich was forced to compose music in older, more conservative styles to avoid imprisonment during Stalin's rule in the Soviet Union. While facing pressure from officials to conform, he also felt compassion for the suffering of his fellow citizens. Through his music, Shostakovich was able to express powerful emotions while subtly concealing rebellious themes within his compositions.
This document provides biographies of several notable Polish authors from the National Revival period in Poland. It describes prominent playwrights, poets and novelists such as Adam Mickiewicz, Juliusz Słowacki, Zygmunt Krasiński, Stanisław Wyspiański, Aleksander Fredro, Cyprian Kamil Norwid, Lucjan Rydel, Gabriela Zapolska, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Witold Gombrowicz, and Karol Wojtyla (Pope John Paul II). These authors made significant contributions to Polish literature and culture during the period of Poland's partitions under foreign rule.
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow _ Picture Gallery, The Masterpieces (2)guimera
The document provides details on several artworks from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia. It includes descriptions of paintings such as Portrait of Peter III by Aleksey Petrovich Antropov, Boyarina Morozova by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov depicting a 17th century religious figure, A Cafe in Paris by Konstantin Alekseyevich Korovin showing an Impressionist scene, and The Bathing of the Red Horse by Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin containing Communist symbolism. It also describes religious icons such as the Holy Trinity by Andrei Rublev and the 16th century "Blessed Be the Host of the King of Heaven." Each artwork
Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow _ Picture Gallery, The Masterpieces (1)guimera
This document contains descriptions of several artworks from the State Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow, Russia. It includes summaries of Mikhail Vrubel's 1900 painting "Swan Princess", depicting the character from Pushkin's fairy tale, Boris Kustodiev's 1915 painting "A Beauty", portraying an idealized Russian woman, Mikhail Vrubel's 1890 painting "Demon (Sitting)" representing the artist's quest for beauty, and brief descriptions of other portraits and paintings held in the gallery.
Richard Wagner was a German composer, theorist, and conductor born in 1813 who had a revolutionary influence on Western music. Some of his major operatic works include The Flying Dutchman, Tannhauser, Lohengrin, Tristan and Isolde, and the four operas that make up The Ring of the Nibelung cycle. Wagner sought to integrate music, poetry, dance, and visual components into a new form of "total work of art." Though controversial in his time, he changed the course of opera and inspired many other art forms with his innovative music dramas and theories.
Richard Wagner was a German composer born in 1813 in Leipzig. He was a revolutionary composer, conductor, music theorist and essayist who was influential in the development of opera. A defining moment was hearing Beethoven's symphony which inspired him to become a musician. He was also involved in the German nationalist movement and had to flee Germany after a failed revolution, spending 12 years in exile. Some of his most famous works include Lohengrin, Tristan und Isolde, The Ring Cycle, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg, The Flying Dutchman and his final opera Parsifal.
Mikhailo Hlinka was a Russian composer and founder of the Russian composers' school who made major contributions to Russian classical music. He composed 80 romances and is known for pieces like "I Remember a Wonderful Moment" and "Don't Tempt." Hlinka believed that people create music and composers share it, so his creations became national songs. After studying in Saint Petersburg University and spending time abroad, Hlinka returned to Russia and created the first Russian national opera, "Ivan Susanin," establishing a new Russian style of symphonic music.
Richard Wagner was a German composer known for his epic operas who was born in 1813 in Leipzig, Germany. He wrote his first opera at age 21 called "The Fairies" and went on to compose 13 stage works that reformed opera by making it continuous without breaks between scenes. Some of his most famous and influential works included "The Ring of the Nibelung" and "Tristan and Isolde." Wagner had a controversial political image as a revolutionary socialist and some of his writings were later cited as an influence on Hitler, though his music remained widely popular after his death in 1883.
Uzi Ben-Ami, Ph.D., is a Maryland-licensed psychologist with more than four decades of experience. Outside of his professional responsibilities, Uzi Ben-Ami, Ph.D., has developed a deep appreciation for symphonic music, including the works of Igor Stravinsky.
1. This document provides a chronology of key dates related to William Shakespeare's life and career from his birth in 1564 to 1709. It details his upbringing in Stratford-upon-Avon, marriage, children, and move to London in the 1590s where he began his career as an actor and playwright.
2. In London, Shakespeare wrote and performed in plays for the Chamberlain's Men and later the King's Men acting troupes. Some of his most famous works from this time include Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, and King Lear.
3. In the early 1600s, Shakespeare began spending more time in Stratford and writing fewer plays. He
Ilya Repin A Painter from Ukraine (Version with pictures)Thomas M. Prymak
Ilya Repin was a famous Russian painter born in 1844 in Ukraine. He is best known for his painting "The Zaporozhian Cossacks Writing a Letter to the Turkish Sultan", which depicts Ukrainian Cossacks and became popular in both the Soviet Union and post-Soviet era. Although Repin left Ukraine early in his career to study in St. Petersburg, he maintained ties to Ukraine and Ukrainian themes throughout his life. This document discusses Repin's Ukrainian roots and connections, as well as his identity as a painter from Ukraine, which was downplayed during the Soviet period due to censorship.
Leo Tolstoy was a renowned Russian author born in 1828. He wrote acclaimed novels like War and Peace and Anna Karenina. After experiencing success as a writer, Tolstoy underwent a spiritual crisis and developed his own unconventional religious beliefs, causing a rift with the Russian Orthodox Church and straining his marriage. He spent his later years establishing himself as a moral and religious leader while continuing to write, before dying in 1910 at the age of 82. To this day, Tolstoy is considered one of the greatest authors of all time.
Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) was the first major composer of classical music in Russia. He composed two important early Russian operas, Ivan Susanin and Ruslan and Lyudmila. Glinka's operas incorporated Russian folk music elements and helped establish a national style of classical music in Russia. His works were influential in the development of later 19th century Russian composers like Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) was the first major composer of classical music in Russia. He composed two important early Russian operas, Ivan Susanin and Ruslan and Lyudmila. Glinka's operas incorporated Russian folk music elements and helped establish a national style of classical music in Russia. His works were influential in the development of later 19th century Russian composers like Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) was the first major composer of classical music in Russia. He composed two important early Russian operas, Ivan Susanin and Ruslan and Lyudmila. Glinka's operas incorporated Russian folk music elements and helped establish a national style of classical music in Russia. His works were influential in the development of later Russian composers in the 19th century such as Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Mikhail Glinka (1804-1857) was the first major composer of classical music in Russia. He composed two important early Russian operas, Ivan Susanin and Ruslan and Lyudmila. Glinka's operas incorporated Russian folk music elements and helped establish a national style of classical music in Russia. His works were influential in the development of later Russian composers in the 19th century such as Tchaikovsky and Rimsky-Korsakov.
Leo Tolstoy was a renowned Russian author known for his realistic fiction novels War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Considered a giant of Russian literature, Tolstoy's works explored universal themes of human experience and growth. Tolstoy was greatly influenced by Mohandas Gandhi, who named the first ashram of his South African movement "Tolstoy Farm" after the author's book on nonviolence.
Leo Tolstoy was born in 1828 in Russia and came from an aristocratic family. He wrote two of the most famous novels of all time, War and Peace and Anna Karenina. Tolstoy had 13 children with his wife and lived at his family's estate called Yasnaya Polyana, which is now a museum housing his library. He died in 1910 while traveling and was buried at Yasnaya Polyana.
Taras Shevchenko was a 19th century Ukrainian poet, artist, and humanist who is considered the founder of modern Ukrainian literature. As a poet, his works like Kobzar established him as Ukraine's national bard and helped develop Ukrainian national identity. He also produced over 800 paintings and sketches depicting Ukrainian life and landscapes. However, due to his involvement in a banned Ukrainian patriotic organization, he was exiled for 10 years, which took a toll on his health. Shevchenko made an immense impact on Ukrainian culture and literature and is still widely celebrated today.
Leo Tolstoy was a Russian writer and philosopher, born on September 9, 1828, in Yasnaya Polyana, Russia. He is considered one of the greatest novelists of all time, and his works, such as "War and Peace" and "Anna Karenina," are regarded as masterpieces of literature.
Tolstoy's writing explored the complexities of human relationships, the nature of society, and the search for meaning in life. He was also deeply interested in moral and ethical questions, and his philosophical works, such as "The Kingdom of God is Within You," had a profound influence on figures such as Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King Jr.
Tolstoy was a controversial figure in his time, and his ideas often put him at odds with the Russian Orthodox Church and the Tsarist government. He advocated for non-violent resistance and pacifism, and his political views led to his excommunication from the Church.
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Leo Tolstoy was a Russian novelist born in 1828 and died in 1910. He is considered one of the most important writers of world literature. His most famous works are War and Peace and Anna Karenina. War and Peace describes hundreds of characters during the Napoleonic invasion, while Anna Karenina tells the parallel stories of a woman trapped by social conventions and a philosopher landowner.
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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9
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Lesson 5 culture final
1. Урок 5: Visual and Cultural Literacy
1. ИЗВЕСТНЫЕ МЕСТА
Это Ясная Поляна—дом
известного русского
писателя Толстого.
Tolstoy’s home at Ясная
Поляна is located just south of
Tula, about a three-hour ride
from Moscow. In Tolstoy’s
later years it became a place
of pilgrimage for his followers
from all over the world, and
even today it remains a site of
great interest (and beauty) for
fans of the writer and of
Russian literature in general.
2. Tours of the main house
take visitors through
different rooms, including
the parlor (above) and
Tolstoy’s bedroom (left).
Many of the furnishings
and other objects in the
house are originals and
belonged to Tolstoy and his
family.
These photos and more can be found at
http://autotravel.ru/phalbum.php/ex/11
3. Visitors to Ясная Поляна can
also walk around the grounds,
which include orchards, ponds,
birch-lined alleys, forests, and
fields. In addition to preserving
the Tolstoy family home and
other related buildings, Ясная
Поляна also functions as a
large nature reserve.
4. Instead, he was buried on his estate at Ясная
Поляна near a spot where he and his
brothers, as children, believed one could find
a little green stick which, in their imaginations,
would end all suffering and death and unite all
people as “ant brothers.” Tolstoy later wrote
that his older brother, Николенька, who had
thought up this idea of the stick, had probably
confused the word Moravian with the Russian
word for “ant”—муравей.
You can learn a lot more about Ясная Поляна by
visiting the website for the museum complex.
At the end of a long path through the
woods, you can visit Tolstoy’s grave, which is
always covered with flowers, regardless of
the time of year. Because he had been
excommunicated from the Russian Orthodox
Church for his opposition to organized
religion, Tolstoy was not given a Christian
burial.
5. 2. ИЗВЕСТНЫЕ РУССКИЕ
Лев Николаевич Толстой
(1828-1910)
Конечно, наш известный русский в
этом уроке—великий писатель Л. Н.
Толстой. Tolstoy is perhaps best
known for his longer novels, Война и
мир and Анна Каренина, but he was
an extremely prolific writer, and his
collected works consist of 90
volumes!
Толстой was also a popular subject
for painters—this portrait from 1870
by Николай Ге is one of the most
famous ones.
6. Orphaned at a young age, Толстой was raised by his aunt
Татьяна. He was a member of the landowning aristocracy
and bore the title of Count—Граф. As a young man, he
experienced a typical society upbringing, and in 1844, at the
age of sixteen, he entered the Kazan University (Казанский
университет). Eager to return to Ясная Поляна and work
on his estate, Толстой left the university after three years
without completing his studies.
1848, аgе 20
1854, аgе 26
Толстой joined the army in 1851 after following his
brother Николай to the Caucasus. While there, he wrote
his first story, the semi-autobiоgraphical Childhood
(Детство). In 1854 he was transferred to Sevastopol,
where he participated in the Crimean War. His
experiences there served as the source for his next work,
Sevastopol Tales (Севастопольские рассказы).
7. 1868, age 40
After the war Толстой returned to
Ясная Поляна, where he continued to
write and to work on his estate. In 1862
he married a young woman named
Sophia Andreevna Behrs (Софья
Андреевна Берс), who bore him over
the course of their long and, at times,
tumultuous marriage, thirteen children.
She also acted as his secretary of sorts,
copying over parts of Война и мир
seven times!
8. In the years following his
marriage to Софья Андреевна,
Толстой worked on his long
novels, Война и мир (1863-1869),
and Анна Каренина (1873-1876).
This famous portrait of Толстой
by the artist Иван Крамской was
painted in 1873 at the time when
Толстой was working on Анна
Каренина. As Крамской was
studying Толстой, Толстой was
studying Крамской, and he used
him as the model for the painter
Михайлов, whom Анна and
Вронский meet in Italy.
9. While working on Анна Каренина, Толстой
gradually become depressed and was tormented by
thoughts about the meaning of life and death. This
period of doubt and despair led him to develop his
own philosophy, which he expounded in his
Confession (Исповедь) in 1879; since it contained
explicit criticism of both the Russian state and the
Orthodox church, Исповедь could only be published
abroad. Tolstoyism (Толстовство), as his belief
system came to be known, was founded upon the
teachings of Christ—in particular, the Sermon on the
Mount. It advocated, among other things, non-
resistance to evil (that is, non-violence), universal
love, vegetarianism, avoidance of anger, avoidance
of alcohol and tobacco, sexual abstinence, and
avoidance of judgment.
Tolstoy’s later works make clear the influence of his
religious conversion, and most of them are more
didactic in nature. Some of his best known works
from that period include The Death of Ivan Ilych, The
Kreutzer Sonata, and Resurrection.
1897
10. As his philosophy became more
and more popular, Толстой and
his extended family at Ясная
Поляна received visitors from all
over the world. His ideas
influenced many, including
Gandhi, Jane Addams, and, if only
indirectly, Martin Luther King, Jr.
11. In the fall of 1910, after years of frustration with his inability to lead the life he
wanted to lead, Толстой resolved to leave Ясная Поляна once and for all. He left in
the middle of the night so that Софья Андреевна would not know, and set out to
live as a religious pilgrim. He contracted pneumonia during his travels and died a few
weeks later in the home of the stationmaster at Астапово. His flight and death
attracted press coverage from all over the world. His obituary in The New York Times
offers a glimpse into his celebrity status.
12. 3. ИЗВЕСТНЫЕ ХУДОЖНИКИ И ИХ КАРТИНЫ
Илья Репин (1844-1930)
One of the most famous
(and prolific) painters
from the second half of
the nineteenth century
was Илья Ефимович
Репин. Repin’s works are
considered classics of the
realist style, and many of
his works are familiar
images to all Russians.
This monument to Репин is located in
the center of Moscow near the river.
Self-portrait (Автопортрет, 1878)
13. You no doubt recognize the man
in this painting. Репин was a
frequent visitor to Ясная Поляна,
and he painted many portraits of
Толстой over the years.
Что делает Толстой в этой
картине?
«Лев Николаевич Толстой на отдыхе
в лесу», 1891
14. 1887
In addition to working
with his peasants,
Толстой also often
dressed like them. In
this famous painting
called Толстой босой
(“Tolstoy barefoot”),
from 1901, Толстой is
wearing a type of shirt
that has come to be
known as a толстовка.
(In modern Russian a
толстовка is a hooded
sweatshirt.)
15. «Пахарь. Л.Н. Толстой на пашне», 1887
Толстой regularly worked on his estate
among his peasants; physical labor and
making oneself self-sufficient were
foundational ideas in Tolstoyan thought.
«Лев Николаевич Толстой в
кабинете под сводами», 1891
This room on the first floor of
Ясная Поляна looks much the
same today as it does in this
painting.
16. In addition to Толстой, Репин painted
portraits of many of his contemporaries,
including the composers Модест
Мусоргский (1881), on the left, and
Михаил Глинка (1887), above.
17. The writers Иван Тургенев (author of the
novel Отцы и дети) and Корней Чуковский
(author of many children’s rhymes, including
Телефон), were also subjects of Repin’s
brush.
1874
1910
18. Репин was also famous for his large canvasses, many of which depicted historical events or
commentary on social themes. Below is one of his best known works—«Иван Грозный и сын
его Иван 16 ноября 1581 года» (1883-85), which depicts the moments after Ivan the Terrible
(Иван Грозный) killed his son in a fit of rage. The piece was quite controversial and deeply
disliked by the tsar, Александр III, who saw it as a potential call for regicide; he initially
forbade its owner, the collector Павел Третьяков, from exhibiting the work in his gallery.
19. This image is so well known to Russians that it even spawned its own internet meme
series called Иван Грозный убивает всех! (Ivan the Terrible kills everyone!). You can
see Иван making his way into lots of famous paintings and other popular images.
Below are a couple of other familiar paintings with Иван Грозный on the hunt…
20. Бурлаки на Волге (“Volga Boatmen”), 1870-73
This painting of human mules whose job was to pull boats against the current on the Volga
gained Репин great fame for its depiction of the harsh reality of this life of toil. Репин based
his painting on barge haulers he had met while traveling through the Russian provinces. The
Volga Boatmen also provide another cultural idiom for Russians through the song “Эй,
ухнем!» (“Yo, heave ho!”). You can listen to this classic recording by the Red Army Choir, but
you might also recognize the tune from some non-Russian sources—it’s frequently used as
background music in cartoons and other media.
21. Крестный ход в Курской губернии (“Religious Procession in the Kursk Province”), 1880-83
This painting depicts not only the fervor of religious belief among provincial Russians, but also
its hypocritical foundation in its reinforcement of class differences. On the left you can see both
a figurative and literal dividing line between the poor and the other segments of the population.
22. Запорожцы пишут письмо турецкому султану (“The Zaporozhian Cossacks write a letter to
the Turkish Sultan”), 1891
This painting depicts a 17th century legend about how the Zaporozhian Cossacks sent a mocking
reply to an ultimatum received from Mehmed IV, sultan of the Ottoman empire. Clearly, they
did not take it seriously. (Note the dative case in the title!)
23. 4. «ИДИОМЫ» РУССКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ:
ДЕД МОРОЗ, СНЕГУРОЧКА, ЁЛКА
One of the biggest holidays in Russia is New Year’s or Новый год,
which during Soviet times replaced Christmas (Рождество) as the
main holiday of that season. In the post-Soviet era, Russians have
again begun to celebrate Рождество, but they do so on January 7,
which corresponds to December 25 on the Julian calendar. The
Julian calendar was used in Russia until 1918, when it
was replaced by the Gregorian calendar for everything
except religious holidays.
The Russian version of Santa Claus is called Дед
Мороз—Father Frost—and he is often accompanied
by his granddaughter and helper Снегурочка, the
Snow Maiden. They bring gifts to Russian children
on New Year’s Eve.
24. The official residence of Дед Мороз is not
at the North Pole, but rather in Великий
Устюг in the Вологодская область. In these
photos, you can see that even Владимир
Путин visits Дед Мороз. Do you think
Володя Путин will receive a gift from Дед
Мороз this year? (Would Дед Мороз dare
not reward him?)
25. To wish someone “Merry Christmas” in Russian, you say «С Рождеством» or
«С Рождеством Христовым». To say “Happy New Year,” you say «С Новым
Годом!». (This construction involves the instrumental case, which you will
learn in Lesson 7.)
26. Виктор Васнецов, 1899
The artist Васнецов painted many
pieces depicting characters and
scenes from Russian folk tales,
including Снегурочка.
There are lots of Russian films,
cartoons, musical productions, etc.,
that depict these characters. You can
watch the classic animated film
Снегурочка from 1952 (it has English
subtitles), or a shorter one about Дед
Мороз и Снегурочка. If you like opera
and do not mind not having subtitles,
you can also watch a segment from
the Bolshoi Theatre’s production of
composer Rimsky-Korsakov’s
Снегурочка.
27. And what about the Christmas tree? In
Russian it is ёлка, and it looks a lot like a
tree you would see in other countries that
celebrate Christmas.
28. Do you want to learn more? You
can watch this children’s cartoon
(мультфильм or мультик) about
the white kitten, Мусти, and his
ёлка.
С Рождеством! С Новым Годом!
Or maybe you would prefer learning
how to make a ёлка from a
champagne bottle and candy?