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LESSON 4 The Elements of Judaism......pptx
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- 2. Brief History andElements of Judaism According to History.com Editors (2020), is the world’s oldest monotheistic religion, dating back nearly 4,000 years. Followers of Judaism believe in one God who revealed himself through ancient prophets.
- 3. Judaism Beliefs Jewish peoplebelieve there’s only one God who has established a covenant— or special agreement—with them. Their God communicates to believers through prophets and rewards good deeds while also punishing evil.
- 4. Judaism Beliefs Jewish peopleworship in holy places known as synagogues, and their spiritual leaders are called rabbis.
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- 6. Six-pointed Star ofDavid
- 7. Torah The Jewish sacred textis called the Tanakh or the “Hebrew Bible.”
- 8. Founder of Judaism Theorigins of Jewish faith are explained throughout the Torah. According to the text, God first revealed himself to a Hebrew man named Abraham, who became known as the founder of Judaism.
- 9. Jewish Temples Around 1000B.C., King David ruled the Jewish people. His son Solomon built the first holy Temple in Jerusalem, which became the central place of worship for Jews.
- 10. Jewish Holy Books Around200 A.D., scholars compiled the Mishnah—a text that describes and explains the Jewish code of law that was previously orally communicated.
- 11. Talmud The Talmudis a collection of teachings and commentaries on Jewish law. It contains the Mishnah and another text known as the Gemara (which examines the Mishnah). It includes the interpretations of thousands of rabbis and outlines the importance of 613 commandments of Jewish law.
- 12. The Thirteen Principlesof Jewish Faith 1. Belief in the existence of the Creator, who is perfect in every manner of existence and is the Primary Cause of all that exists.
- 13. The Thirteen Principlesof Jewish Faith 2. The belief in God's absolute and unparalleled unity. 3. The belief in God’s non-corporeality, nor that He will be affected by any physical occurrences, such as movement, or rest, or dwelling
- 14. The Thirteen Principlesof Jewish Faith 4. The belief in God's eternity. 5. The imperative to worship God exclusively and no foreign false gods.
- 15. The Thirteen Principlesof Jewish Faith 6. The belief that God communicates with man through prophecy. 7. The belief in the primacy of the prophecy of Moses our teacher.
- 16. The Thirteen Principlesof Jewish Faith 8. The belief in the divine origin of the Torah. 9. The belief in the immutability of the Torah. 10. The belief in God's omniscience and providence.
- 17. The Thirteen Principlesof Jewish Faith 11. The belief in divine reward and retribution. 12. The belief in the arrival of the Messiah and the messianic era. 13. The belief in the resurrection of the dead.
- 18. Shabbat Shabbat is recognizedas a day of rest and prayer for Jews. It typically begins at sunset on Friday and lasts until nightfall on Saturday.
- 19. The Creation ofIsrael During and after the Holocaust, many Jews returned to their homeland (in the Middle East region known as Palestine) and embraced Zionism, a movement for the creation of a Jewish state that emerged in 19th-century Europe.
- 20. Types of Judaism 1. Orthodox Judaism: Orthodox Jews are typically known for their strict observance of traditional Jewish law and rituals. For instance, most believe Shabbat shouldn’t involve working, driving or handling money. Orthodox Judaism is a diverse sect that includes several subgroups, including Hasidic Jews.
- 21. Types of Judaism 2.Reform Judaism: Reform Judaism is considered a liberal category of the religion that values ethical traditions over strict observance of Jewish laws.
- 22. Types of Judaism 3.Conservative Judaism: Many people consider this form of Judaism somewhere in between Orthodox and Reform Judaism. Typically, conservative Jews honor the traditions of Judaism while allowing for some modernization.
- 23. Types of Judaism 4.Reconstructionist Judaism: Reconstructionism dates back to 1922 when Mordecai Kaplan founded the Society for the Advancement of Judaism. This sect believes that Judaism is a religious civilization that’s constantly evolving.
- 24. Types of Judaism 5.Humanistic Judaism: Rabbi Sherwin Wine founded this denomination of Judaism in 1963. Humanistic Jews celebrate Jewish history and culture without an emphasis on God. While there are various denominations of Judaism, many Jews don’t identify with a particular classification and simply refer to themselves as Jewish.
- 25. Judaism: Signs andSymbols Mezuzah, tzitzit and tefillin are reminders of the commandments The menorah (candelabrum) is the ancient universal symbol of Judaism
- 26. Judaism: Signs andSymbols The Jewish star (Magen David) is a modern universal Jewish symbol Jews wear a skullcap (yarmulke) as a pious custom
- 27. Judaism: Signs andSymbols Chai, found on jewelry, is the number 18, which is a favorable number The Hamesh Hand is common in Jewish jewelry, but its connection to Judaism is questionable
- 28. Forms of practices incorporatedin the Jewish Religion
- 29. KOSHER Do not eatblood “do not cook a kid in its mother milk” do not eat shellfish do not eat birds of prey only eat meat from animals with split hooves who chew cud.
- 30. Birth and namingceremonies: Once a Jewish child is born, the father is required to pray and ask for health and well- being blessings. Female children are named the first coming Sabbath however a male child is named on the eighth day and on the same day Brit Millah (male circumcision) takes place.
- 31. Coming of age: ageof 13 – “ADULT” age of 12 - "daughter of commandment"
- 32. Marriage: Only a marriedman is able to become a rabbi.
- 33. Death: Death isseen as a natural theology and a plan of God. Mourning services do take place to comfort and help them return to their place and after the family of the deceased return home, food and visits are brought to them for the next seven days.
Editor's Notes
- #5 Today, there are about 14 million Jews worldwide. Most 2 Downloaded by Rose Ann Usana (usanaroseann@gmail.com) lOMoARcPSD|53677511 of them live in the United States and Israel. Traditionally, a person is considered Jewish if his or her mother is Jewish.
- #6 The six-pointed Star of David is the symbol of Judaism. The Star of David, also called Magen David (which means “Shield of David” in Hebrew), is the most recognized symbol of Judaism. It is made of two overlapping triangles that form a six-pointed star. Meaning and Symbolism Unity of God and the Jewish People The two triangles can represent the connection between God and the people of Israel, showing that their relationship protects and guides them. Protection Traditionally, Jews believed the symbol brought spiritual protection, like a shield. That is why it is called the “Shield of David.” Identity and Faith Today, the Star of David is a strong symbol of Jewish identity, heritage, and faith. It appears on synagogues, Jewish tombstones, and the flag of Israel. Balance and Harmony The upward and downward triangles also symbolize balance—such as heaven and earth, spiritual and physical life, and the harmony needed in faith.
- #7 ” It includes the same books as the Old Testament in the Christian Bible, but they’re placed in a slightly different order. The Torah—the first five books of the Tanakh—outlines laws for Jews to follow. It’s sometimes also referred to as the Pentateuch. The first five books of the Tanakh are called the Torah, also known as the Pentateuch (meaning “five books”). Here are the five books: Genesis – Story of creation, Adam and Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph. Exodus – Story of Moses, the Israelites’ escape from Egypt, and the Ten Commandments. Leviticus – Laws about worship, rituals, and holiness. Numbers – The Israelites’ journey in the wilderness and a census of the tribes. Deuteronomy – Moses’ final teachings and reminders of God’s laws.
- #8 Jews believe that God made a special covenant with Abraham and that he and his descendants were chosen people who would create a great nation. Abraham’s son Isaac, and his grandson Jacob, also became central figures in ancient Jewish history. Jacob took the name Israel, and his children and future generations became known as Israelites. More than 1,000 years after Abraham, the prophet Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt after being enslaved for hundreds of years. According to scriptures, God revealed his laws, known as the Ten Commandments, to Moses at Mt. Sinai.
- #9 The kingdom fell apart around 931 B.C., and the Jewish people split into two groups: Israel in the North and Judah in the South. Sometime around 587 B.C., the Babylonians destroyed the first Temple and sent many Jews into exile. A second Temple was built in about 516 B.C. but was eventually destroyed by the Romans in 70 A.D. The destruction of the second Temple was significant because Jewish people no longer had a primary place to gather, so they shifted their focus to worshipping in local synagogues.
- #11 The first version of the Talmud was finalized around the 3rd century A.D. The second form was completed during the 5th century A.D. Judaism embraces several other written texts and commentaries. One example is the 13 Articles of Faith or The Thirteen Principles of Jewish Faith, which was written by a Jewish philosopher named Maimonides.
- #18 Observing Shabbat can take many forms, depending on the type of Judaism that a Jewish family may follow. Orthodox and Conservative Jews, for example, may refrain from performing any physical labor, using any electrical device or other prohibited activities. Most observant Jews celebrate Shabbat by reading or discussing the Torah, attending a synagogue or socializing with other Jews at Shabbat meals.
- #19 In 1948, Israel officially became an independent nation. David Ben-Gurion, one of the leading promoters of a Jewish nation state, was given the title of prime minister. This event was considered a success for the Jewish people who had tirelessly petitioned for an independent state in their homeland. However, tensions between Jews and Arabs living in Palestine escalated in the years since Israel became a state and are still ongoing today.
- #29 Meaning The command forbids eating or drinking animal blood. Instead, the blood must be drained from the animal before the meat is eaten. Why this rule was important 1. Blood symbolizes life In the Bible, blood represents life itself. Since life belongs to God, people were not allowed to consume it. “The life of the creature is in the blood.” (Leviticus 17:11) 2. Respect for life Draining the blood shows respect for the animal’s life and for God as the giver of life. 3. Distinguishing the Israelites Some neighboring cultures used blood in rituals or food. This command helped keep the Israelites separate and holy. 4. Basis of some kosher practices Jewish dietary laws require meat to be salted and drained so no blood remains. Literal Meaning A “kid” means a young goat. The command says not to cook a young goat using the milk of its own mother. Deeper Meaning / Purpose Scholars and religious traditions give several explanations: 1. Compassion and sensitivity It is seen as a rule promoting kindness. Cooking a baby animal in the very milk meant to nourish it is viewed as cruel and disrespectful to life. 2. Separation of life and death Milk represents life, because it feeds the young. Meat represents death, because it comes from the slaughtered animal. Mixing them was considered improper in Israelite religious practice. Reason Behind the Rule 1. Dietary purity Shellfish were considered “unclean” under ancient Israelite law. Only sea creatures with both fins and scales were allowed. Avoiding these birds was part of following God’s dietary laws to stay holy and different from other nations. Examples of animals that meet both requirements ✔ Cows ✔ Sheep ✔ Goats ✔ Deer
- #31 By the age of 13, a boy is considered an "adult" and is expected to obey all commandments. Likewise, the female becomes a "daughter of commandment" by the age of 12.
- #32 A rabbi is a Jewish religious teacher and leader. A rabbi’s roles include: Teaching the Torah (Jewish sacred scriptures) Leading prayers and services in the synagogue Giving guidance on religious laws Helping the community with spiritual needs Word origin: The word “rabbi” comes from Hebrew and means “my teacher” or “my master (of learning).”
- #33 This describes a Jewish mourning tradition called Shiva. Explanation: After someone dies, the family attends a mourning service to receive comfort and support. When they go back home, friends and community members visit them. People bring food, offer comfort, pray with them, and stay with them. This period lasts for seven days after the burial. The purpose is to support the grieving family, help them heal, and ensure they are not alone during their sadness.