Bacteria play several important roles in an aquaponics system. Certain types of bacteria convert toxic ammonia from fish waste into less toxic nitrites and then nitrates that plants can use as nutrients. The document outlines the nitrogen cycle process, where Nitrosomonas bacteria break down ammonia into nitrites, and Nitrospira bacteria then break down nitrites into nitrates for plant consumption. A diagram is provided to illustrate this nitrogen cycle between fish waste, bacteria, and plant consumption of nitrates in an aquaponics system.