Punched cards were an early form of computer input and output media that stored data by punching holes in specific positions according to the Hollerith Code. While punched cards allowed both humans and machines to read data and provided low-cost, reusable storage, they were also bulky and prone to mechanical errors. Modern storage media like diskettes, magnetic tapes, and cassette tapes offered more durable and flexible storage options than early punched cards.

1. Data Recording Media

2. Punched Card A form of computer input and output media . It is used to : Provide data input into the CPU Receive information output from the CPU Provide secondary off-line storage of data and information

3. Hollerith Code The holes in punch cards are punched according to a code Each character in this code is represented by a unique combination of punched holes.

4. Advantages of Punched Cards People, as well as machine, can read card data Relatively low cost Can be used as a turnaround document

5. Disadvantages of Punched Cards Large Volumes of cards are difficult to control Mechanical parts of many card devices cause frequent breakdowns. Low speed of card reader and punch devices. Inflexibility of the card format. Cards are not reusable

6. Printed Output Is one of the major forms of computer output Most commonly distributed to users and is used primarily as an end product

7. Diskette

8. Paper tape

9. Magnetic Tape

10. Cassette Tape