This document provides an overview of Western and Central Europe. It discusses several countries in the region, including Germany, France, Switzerland, and the Netherlands. It describes the location and importance of Western Central Europe, and its three main physical regions: the central lowlands, central uplands, and the Alps mountains. The document also mentions some facts about these countries and provides review questions.
A Geographic Profile of Europe
Chapter 4
4 Delineating EuropeTraditionally, Europe is classified as one of the world’s seven continents, but it is not a distinct landmassActually an appendage or subcontinent of EurasiaEurope is the culture region made up of the countries of Eurasia lying west of Turkey, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and MoldovaThe traditional physical dividing line between Europe and Asia is drawn from the Ural Mountains down to the Caucasus, which technically places the majority of the above-mentioned countries within Europe
Political
&
Physical
Geographies
of Europe
4.1.1 Europe’s SubregionsSubregions of EuropeEuropean CoreUK, Ireland, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and the microstates of Andorra, Monaco, and LiechtensteinGenerally includes the countries with the largest populations and most important economic and political roles in EuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and FinlandSouthern EuropePortugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Malta, and CyprusEastern EuropeEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia
4.1.2 Small but Powerful EuropeArea of Europe is half that of the U.S. “Lower 48”Europe contains one of the world’s great clusters of human populationPopulation of 532 million (2007)1 out of every 13 people in the world is a EuropeanPopulation density varies widely1,038 persons per square mile in the NetherlandsOnly 8 persons per square mile in IcelandFour countries, alone, comprise half of Europe’s populationGermany 82 millionFrance 63 millionUnited Kingdom 63 millionItaly 61 million
Population Distribution of Europe
Population Cartogram of Europe
4.1.3 Belts of Energy, Industries, and CitiesGreatest population densities found in 2 belts of industrialization and urbanization near historical sources of coal and hydroelectric powerNorth-South from the UK to ItalyEast-West from UK to PolandThese belts contain large cities and produce more goods and services than the rest of Europe combinedOnly three other areas on Earth resemble Europe’s urban-industrial beltsEastern North AmericaJapanChina
4.1.4 Why is Europe’s Population Declining?Europe has transitioned from preindustrial high birth and death rates to postindustrial low birth and death ratesPopulation of Europe peaked in 1997“Birth Dearth”Low Birth RatesEmployed and educated women choosing not to devote
time and money necessary to raise childrenFertility rate below population replacement levelNo European country maintaining its population through birthsEurope’s population aging faster than all other world regionsStrategiesCash incentives (“baby bounties”) to parents who have multiple childrenOffering welfare benefits to immigrants
4.1.5 Bring on the Immigrants?If birth rates remain at their current low level, the European Union will have .
A Geographic Profile of Europe
Chapter 4
4 Delineating EuropeTraditionally, Europe is classified as one of the world’s seven continents, but it is not a distinct landmassActually an appendage or subcontinent of EurasiaEurope is the culture region made up of the countries of Eurasia lying west of Turkey, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and MoldovaThe traditional physical dividing line between Europe and Asia is drawn from the Ural Mountains down to the Caucasus, which technically places the majority of the above-mentioned countries within Europe
Political
&
Physical
Geographies
of Europe
4.1.1 Europe’s SubregionsSubregions of EuropeEuropean CoreUK, Ireland, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Germany, and the microstates of Andorra, Monaco, and LiechtensteinGenerally includes the countries with the largest populations and most important economic and political roles in EuropeNorthern EuropeDenmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, and FinlandSouthern EuropePortugal, Spain, Italy, Greece, Malta, and CyprusEastern EuropeEstonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, and Slovenia
4.1.2 Small but Powerful EuropeArea of Europe is half that of the U.S. “Lower 48”Europe contains one of the world’s great clusters of human populationPopulation of 532 million (2007)1 out of every 13 people in the world is a EuropeanPopulation density varies widely1,038 persons per square mile in the NetherlandsOnly 8 persons per square mile in IcelandFour countries, alone, comprise half of Europe’s populationGermany 82 millionFrance 63 millionUnited Kingdom 63 millionItaly 61 million
Population Distribution of Europe
Population Cartogram of Europe
4.1.3 Belts of Energy, Industries, and CitiesGreatest population densities found in 2 belts of industrialization and urbanization near historical sources of coal and hydroelectric powerNorth-South from the UK to ItalyEast-West from UK to PolandThese belts contain large cities and produce more goods and services than the rest of Europe combinedOnly three other areas on Earth resemble Europe’s urban-industrial beltsEastern North AmericaJapanChina
4.1.4 Why is Europe’s Population Declining?Europe has transitioned from preindustrial high birth and death rates to postindustrial low birth and death ratesPopulation of Europe peaked in 1997“Birth Dearth”Low Birth RatesEmployed and educated women choosing not to devote
time and money necessary to raise childrenFertility rate below population replacement levelNo European country maintaining its population through birthsEurope’s population aging faster than all other world regionsStrategiesCash incentives (“baby bounties”) to parents who have multiple childrenOffering welfare benefits to immigrants
4.1.5 Bring on the Immigrants?If birth rates remain at their current low level, the European Union will have .
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
6. The Continents of the World Africa Asia Oceania North America Antarctica South America Europe
7. Western Central Europe Northern Europe Eastern Europe Southern Europe
8. Chapter 9 Western Central Europe Could you tell some facts you already know about the countries in western central Europe?
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10. Introductory Paragraph West Central Europe has been important to world history . It has influenced( 影响 ) world culture , religion , and industry in many ways. The countries of this region have had many wars , but are now working together in stead of apart.
44. Extension Questions Which western central European country extends farthest north? Which is the smallest western central European country? Which western central European countries have access( 靠近 ) to the ocean? Germany Monaco 1.9 km 2 France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany
45. Lesson 1 Western and Central Europe Where is Western Central Europe Located? 55 0 N 43 0 N North Sea English Channel The Bay of Biscay Mediterranean Sea
46. Why Is the Area Important? Western central Europe’s location has helped it influence the world. It is near both Africa and some parts of Asia . For hundreds of years, people and goods have traveled to North and South America from the many ports of these countries. Explorers and settles left these ports on long sea voyages spread European beliefs , cultures , and languages .
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50. What Are the Three Physical Region? Lowlands Uplands Alps
2007 annual list of the 100 most valuable global brands. [6] Rolex is also the largest single luxury watch brand by far, producing about 2,000 watches per day, with estimated revenues of around US$3 billion. Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818 – March 14, 1883) was a German [2] philosopher , political economist , historian , political theorist , sociologist , communist , and revolutionary , whose ideas are credited as the foundation of modern communism . Chanel is a Parisian fashion house .Specializing in luxury goods ( haute couture , ready-to-wear , handbags, perfumery, and cosmetics among others), the Chanel label has become one of the most recognized names in the luxury and haute couture fashion industry The largest beer festival in the world is Oktoberfest in Germany .