Lesson Contents:
Every day we are dealing with the electronic circuits and devices in some or the other forms
because gadgets, home appliances, computers, transport systems, cell phones, cameras, TV, etc. all
have electronic components and devices. Today, electronics also covers areas involving healthcare,
medical diagnosis, automobiles, industries, etc. and convinced everyone that without electronics, it is
really impossible to work.
This presentation gives a thorough overview of the history of electric metering from the first known observations of electricity from the ancient Egyptians to the development of the world's first power grid. Also discussed is the War of the Currents, early electric metering, and what the future may hold for the industry.
This presentation was given at Minnesota Electric Meter School in September 2019. From the ancient Egyptians to the 1600s and more modern day discoveries, this presentation discusses the early discoveries of electricity and developments of the power grid.
This is a fun presentation that gives an overview of the history of metering including the "founding fathers" of the metering industry, breakthroughs, technical advancements, patents and even a look into what the future holds for metering.
A comprehensive summary of electrical discovery through time - from the earliest experiments by the Greeks and Romans to the Fathers of Our Industry - Volta, Ohm, Tesla, Edison, etc., and on to our modern metering industry.
This presentation gives a thorough overview of the history of electric metering from the first known observations of electricity from the ancient Egyptians to the development of the world's first power grid. Also discussed is the War of the Currents, early electric metering, and what the future may hold for the industry.
This presentation was given at Minnesota Electric Meter School in September 2019. From the ancient Egyptians to the 1600s and more modern day discoveries, this presentation discusses the early discoveries of electricity and developments of the power grid.
This is a fun presentation that gives an overview of the history of metering including the "founding fathers" of the metering industry, breakthroughs, technical advancements, patents and even a look into what the future holds for metering.
A comprehensive summary of electrical discovery through time - from the earliest experiments by the Greeks and Romans to the Fathers of Our Industry - Volta, Ohm, Tesla, Edison, etc., and on to our modern metering industry.
This media is contains a physics matery about electricity. You can copy and use this media for your own good like to make a presentation in your classroom.
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This media is contains a physics matery about electricity. You can copy and use this media for your own good like to make a presentation in your classroom.
This presentation is brief history of Electrical Engineering. It lists and discuss about many scientists and their part in Electrical Engineering (Inventions). It also explains recent trends in Electrical Engineering.
The invention of the electric switch is attributed to various inventors and developments over time, rather than a single individual. The concept of a switch, which controls the flow of electricity by making or breaking a circuit, evolved gradually as electricity itself was understood and harnessed. Here are some key milestones and contributions related to the invention of the electric switch:
This is an introduction to Basic Electronics which includes the people behind its development, the parts and parameters of a simple circuit, the materials and tools needed in project making and safety related information.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
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In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
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1. Module 1: Computer Electronics and Digital Circuits
By: Mario E. Valderrama, Jr.
Module Introduction:
Module Outcomes:
Lesson Title: Introduction to Electronics
Lesson Outcomes:
At the end of this topic, the student should be able to:
1. Identify how electronics are developed
2. Identify the different persons involved in electronic inventions
3. Define related terms used in Electronics
4. List the different Electronic Components
Lesson Contents:
Every day we are dealing with the electronic circuits and devices in some or the other forms
because gadgets, home appliances, computers, transport systems, cell phones, cameras, TV, etc. all
have electronic components and devices. Today, electronics also covers areas involving healthcare,
medical diagnosis, automobiles, industries, etc. and convinced everyone that without electronics, it is
really impossible to work.
A. Development of Electronics
Electronics’ actual history began with the invention of vacuum diode by J.A. Fleming, in 1897;
and, after that, a vacuum triode was implemented by Lee De Forest to amplify electrical signals. This led
to the introduction of tetrode and pentode tubes that dominated the world until the World War II.
Subsequently, the transistor era began with the junction transistor invention in 1948. Even
though, this particular invention got a Nobel Prize, yet it was later replaced with a bulky vacuum tube
that would consume high power for its operation. The use of germanium and silicon semiconductor
materials made theses transistor gain the popularity and wide-acceptance usage in different electronic
circuits.
2. The later years witnessed the invention of the integrated circuits (ICs) that drastically changed
the electronic circuits’ nature as the entire electronic circuit got integrated on a single chip, which
resulted in low: cost, size and weight electronic devices. The years 1958 to 1975 marked the
introduction of IC with enlarged capabilities of over several thousand components on a single chip such
as small-scale integration, medium-large scale and very-large scale integration ICs.
Digital integrated circuits were yet another robust IC development that changed the overall
architecture of computers. These ICs were developed with Transistor-transistor logic (TTL), integrated
injection logic (I2L) and emitter coupled logic (ECL) technologies. Later these digital ICs employed PMOS,
NMOS, and CMOS fabrication design technologies.
All these radical changes in all these components led to the introduction of microprocessor in
1969 by Intel. Soon after, the analog integrated circuits were developed that introduced an operational
amplifier for an analog signal processing. These analog circuits include analog multipliers, ADC and DAC
converters and analog filters.
This is all about the fundamental understanding of the electronics history. Below is a list of
contributors to the development of electronics.
Luigi Galvani (1737-1798)
Luigi Galvani was a professor in the University of Bologna. He studied the effects of electricity on
animals, especially on frogs. With the help of experiments, he showed the presence of electricity in frogs
in the year 1791.
Charles Coulomb (1737-1806)
Charles coulomb was a great scientist of the 18th century. He experimented with the
mechanical resistance and developed coulomb’s law of electro-static charges in the year 1799.
Allesandro Volta (1745-1827)
Allesandro Volta was an Italian scientist. He invented battery in the year 1799. He was the first
to develop a battery (Voltaic cell) that could produce electricity as a result of chemical reaction.
Hans Christian Oersted (1777-1852)
Hans Christian Oersted showed that whenever a current flows through a conductor, a magnetic
field is associated with it. He initiated the study of electromagnetism and discovered Aluminum in the
year 1820.
3. George Simon Ohm (1789-1854)
George Simon Ohm was a German physicist. He experimented with the electrical circuits and
made his own part including the wire. He found that some conductors worked when compared to
others. He discovered Ohms law in the year 1827, which is a relation between current, voltage&
resistance. The unit for resistance is named after him.
Michael Faraday (1791-1867)
Michael Faraday was a British scientist and great pioneer experimenter in electricity and
magnetism. After the discovery by Oersted, he demonstrated electromagnetic induction in the year
1831. This is the basic principle of the working of generators.
James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879)
James Clerk Maxwell was a British physicist, and he wrote treatise on magnetism and electricity
in the year 1873. He developed the electromagnetic field equations in the year 1864. The equations in it
were explained and predicted by hertz’s work and faradays’ work. James Clerk Maxwell formulated an
important theory – that is, electromagnetic theory of light.
Henrich Rudolph Hertz (1857-1894)
Henrich Rudolph Hertz was a German physicist born in 1857 in Hamburg. He demonstrated the
electromagnetic radiation predicted by Maxwell. By using experimental procedures, he proved the
theory by engineering instruments to transmit and receive radio pulses. He was the first person to
demonstrate the photo-electric effect. The unit of frequency was named Hertz in his honorarium.
Andre Marie Ampere (1775-1836)
Andre Marie Ampere was a French mathematician and physicist. He studied the effects of
electric current and invented solenoid. The SI unit of electric current (the Ampere) was named after him.
Karl Friedrich Gauss (1777-1855)
Karl Friedrich Gauss was a physical scientist and a greatest German mathematician. He
contributed to many fields like algebra, analysis, statistics, electrostatics and astronomy. The
(CGS: centimeter, gram, second) unit of magnetic field density was named after him.
Wilhelm Eduard Weber (1804-1891)
4. Wilhelm Eduard Weber was a German physicist. He investigated terrestrial magnetism with his
friend Carl fried rich. He devised an electromagnetic telegraph in the year 1833, and also established a
system of absolute electrical units, and the MKS unit of flux was named after Weber.
Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1932)
Thomas Alva Edison was a businessman and an American inventor. He developed many devices
like, practical electric bulb, motion picture camera, photograph and other such things. While inventing
the electric lamp, he observed the Edison effect.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943)
Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil; the Tesla induction motor; alternating current (AC);
electrical supply system that includes a transformer; 3-phase electricity and motor. In 1891, Tesla coil
was invented and used in electronic equipment, television and radio sets. The unit of magnetic field
density was named after him.
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (1824-1887)
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff was a German physicist. He developed Kirchhoff’s law that allows
calculation of the voltages, currents and resistance of electrical networks.
James Prescott Joule (1818-1889)
James Prescott Joule was a brewer and an English physicist. He discovered the law of
conservation of energy. The unit of energy – Joule was named in his honor. To develop the scale of
temperature, he worked with Lord Kelvin.
Joseph Henry (1799-1878)
Joseph Henry was an American scientist, and independently discovered electromagnetic
induction in the year 1831 – a year before faraday’s discovery. The unit of induction was named after
him.
Lee De Forest (1873-1961)
Lee de forest was an American inventor, and he invented the first triode vacuum tube: Audion
tube in 1906. He was honored as the father of radio.
Walter schottky (1886-1997)
5. Walter schottky was a German physicist. He defined shot noise-random electron noise in
thermionic tubes, and invented the multiple grid vacuum tube.
Edwin Howard Armstrong (1890-1954)
Edwin Howard Armstrong was an inventor and an American electrical engineer. He invented
electronic oscillator and regenerative feedback. In 1917, he invented super-heterodyne radio and
patented FM radio in the year 1933.
These are the people responsible for the technology we are enjoying today with exception to
the inventors of transistors which will be explained in detail in the later chapter.
B. Applications of Electronics
Can you imagine life without any electronic appliances in your home? Wouldn’t it be hard to do
things around without them? Notice that everything can also be done manually but it requires time and
a lot of effort. Because of our needs electronic devices came to be. This innovation makes life more
convenient and time saving.
Devices such as Cooking Stove, Laptop, mobile phone and Computer have already become a
part of our daily lives. Some of us think that they can’t live a day without using at least one of these
devices, that make us more dependent on them.
There are thousands of Electronic devices that we often encounter everyday on our daily life.
There are Cars with electronic parts running on the high-way, equipment’s used at the Hospitals, huge
manufacturing companies and other more.
Therefore, electronics will ever be a part of our lives forever, and the great minds continue to
develop more sophisticated devices for our convenience.
C. Electronic Components
6. D. Careers in Technology
www.wikipedia.com
Having knowledge in electronics are typically accepted into the following industries. However,
different employers will have different requirements, so do check out companies individually.
Aerospace industry - is a high-technology industry that produces "aircraft, guided missiles,
space vehicles, aircraft engines, propulsion units, and related parts". Most of the industry is geared
toward governmental work.
Automotive industry - is a wide range of companies and organizations involved in the design,
development, manufacturing, marketing, and selling of motor vehicles. It is one of the world's most
important economic sectors by revenue.
Construction industry - is the process of creating and building infrastructure or a facility.
Construction starts with planning, design, and financing and continues until the project is built and
ready for use.
Defense industry- is a global business that manufactures weapons and military technology and
equipment. It consists of commercialindustry involved in research and development, production, and
the service of military material, equipment, and facilities.
7. Electronics industry - become a global industry worth billions of dollars. Contemporary society
uses all manner of electronic devices built in automated or semi-automated factories operated by the
industry. Products are assembled from integrated circuits, principally by photolithography of printed
circuit boards.
Maritime industry - comprises companies whose activities supply innovative products and
services related to the traditional maritime sector. In general, maritime industries include all
enterprises engaged in the business of designing, constructing, manufacturing, acquiring, operating,
supplying, repairing and/or maintaining vessels, or component parts thereof: of managing and/or
operating shipping lines, and customs brokerage services, shipyards, dry docks, marine railways,
marine repair shops, shipping and freight forwarding services and similar enterprises
Oil and gas industry - include the global processes of exploration, extraction, refining,
transporting (often by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing petroleum products.
Pharmaceuticals industry- develops, produces, and markets drugs or pharmaceuticals for use
as medications. Pharmaceutical companies may deal in generic or brand medications and medical
devices. They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations that govern the patenting, testing,
safety, efficacy and marketing of drugs.
Power generation industry - is the generation, transmission, distribution and sale of electric
power to the general public.
Rail industry - is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods, by way of wheeled vehicles
running on rails.
Telecommunication industry- is the exchange of information between two or
more entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology
uses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium (such
as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves.
8. References:
Malcom Plant. Electronics
Malvin and Brown. Digital Computer Electronics, 3
rd
Ed
Teaching Delivery (TLAs)
Lecture– online
Question-Answer Method - online
Assessment:
Quiz –online
Assignment- Modular
o Rubric to be used in checking student’s assignment.
Points 5 4 3 2 1
Original Ideas
(5 pts)
Interesting
content with
correct
perspective
and
completely
discusses
what was
asked.
Communicates
Information
well and
discusses what
was asked.
Basic
information is
Conveyed from
what was
asked in the
essay.
Ideas are below
the expected
level.
No thought
given to the
Content.
Organization
(3 pts)
Sentences
flow together
Well.
Well
understood
sentences and
the meanings
are clearly laid
out.
Occasional
awkward
Sentences.
A number of
awkward
Sentences.
Many
sentences are
hard
to understand.
Timeliness
(2 pts)
The
assignment
was submitted
on or before
the deadline.
The
assignment
was submitted
1-2 days after
the deadline.
The
assignment
was submitted
3-4 days after
the deadline.
The assignment
was submitted
5-6 days after
the deadline
The
assignment
was submitted
a week after
the deadline