Lentils mr. peter wilson
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ipgaLentils Panel by Mr. Peter Wilson, CEO Australia Milling Group & Chairman, Pulse Australia Limited. Presentation at The Pulses Conclave 2014 by India Pulse & Grains Association, IPGA
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This document provides information about lentils (Lens culinaris), including:
1. Lentils are an important pulse crop grown mainly in Canada, India, Turkey, US, and Australia, with India producing about 0.6 million tons annually.
2. Lentils have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=2x=14. Their center of origin is the Near East and they were first domesticated there.
3. Breeding objectives for lentils include increasing yield, improving seed size/color/quality for different market classes, and improving resistance to diseases, insects, drought, and lodging.
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This document provides information about lentils (Lens culinaris), including:
1. Lentils are an important pulse crop grown mainly in Canada, India, Turkey, US, and Australia, with India producing about 0.6 million tons annually.
2. Lentils have a diploid chromosome number of 2n=2x=14. Their center of origin is the Near East and they were first domesticated there.
3. Breeding objectives for lentils include increasing yield, improving seed size/color/quality for different market classes, and improving resistance to diseases, insects, drought, and lodging.
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- Legumes enrich soil fertility as they do not require nitrogen fertilizer. They are rotated with other crops or used as green manure.
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1) Farmers have known for millennia that legumes improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation via their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria in root nodules.
2) In the late 19th century, it was discovered that the root nodules themselves were responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia through the microorganisms now known as rhizobia.
3) A complex process involving infection of roots by rhizobia, nodule development, nitrogen fixation in nodules, and nodule senescence allows legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen thanks to their symbiotic relationship
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Plants appear to have some control over their mutualistic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria. While rhizobia benefit from infecting plant roots to receive carbohydrates, over-infection may not benefit the plant as nitrogen fixation is an energetically costly process for the bacteria. Studies show that plants reduce nodule formation under high nitrogen/low phosphorus conditions, when nitrogen is less valuable, suggesting plants regulate nodule numbers based on their own needs. Mathematical modeling also explores the complex dynamics between rhizobia strains that are mutualistic, parasitic, or non-symbiotic.
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i am student of assam university silchar ,, i want to share my presentation ,whatever i have prepared, & ready to deliver.
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This document summarizes the structure and composition of legume seeds. It notes that legumes are an important family of dicotyledonous plants that include crops like peas, beans, lentils, peanuts and soybeans. These legume seeds have three main parts - the seed coat, cotyledons, and hypocotyl. The cotyledons make up around 90% of the seed and contain protein bodies and lipid deposits that neatly package the proteins and lipids. The size and structure of these protein bodies and lipid deposits varies between different legumes. The document provides examples of the size and packaging of proteins, lipids and starches in seeds of soybeans, peanuts, peas and broad beans.
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Plants respond to environmental stresses through various mechanisms. Water stress leads to stomatal closure mediated by abscisic acid to reduce water loss. High light can cause photoinhibition of photosynthesis but plants repair damage to photosystem II through the D1 repair cycle. Temperature stress outside a plant's tolerance range disrupts membranes and proteins. Biotic stresses activate defense genes and pathogenesis-related proteins.
Rhizobium
Rhizobia are symbiotic diazotrophs (prokaryotic organisms that carry out dinitrogen fixation) that form a symbiotic association with legumes. This association is symbiotic in that both the plant and rhizobia benefit. The plant supplies the rhizobia with energy in the form of amino acids and the rhizobia fix nitrogen from the atmosphere for plant uptake. The reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia is the second most important biological process on earth after photosynthesis (Sylvia, 2005). The actual process of dinitrogen fixation can only be carried out by diazotrophs that contain the enzyme dinitrogenase. Nitrogen is the most critical nutrient needed to support plant growth. Unfortunately, atmospheric dinitrogen (78% of air we breathe) is extremely stable due to triple bonds which can only be broken by energy intensive ways. These include electrical N2 fixation by lightning where oxides of N come to ground with rain, the Haber-Bosch process in industrial fertilizer production, and biological N2 fixation in legumes by bacterial symbionts such as Rhizobium etli. Biological fixation of nitrogen was the leading form of annual nitrogen input until the last decade of the 20th century (Russelle, 2008). It is gaining attention once again as sustainability becomes a central focus to feed a world population of over 7 billion people.
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This lecture discusses legumes, including their importance as a source of protein and nitrogen fixation. Key points covered include:
- Legumes are an important family of plants that includes beans, peas, lentils and soybeans. They are significant as they fix atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules containing bacteria.
- Legumes enrich soil fertility as they do not require nitrogen fertilizer. They are rotated with other crops or used as green manure.
- Specific legumes discussed that are important in Egypt include broad beans, lentils, chickpeas, and lupines. Several varieties for each crop developed by the Agricultural Research Center in Egypt are also outlined.
- Cultural practices for growing legumes
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This document summarizes a study on the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of rhizobia that nodulate lentils and chickpeas in Morocco. Rhizobia samples were collected from various production areas and tested for traits like tolerance to temperature, salinity, heavy metals, and water stress. Selected high-performing strains were tested in pot and field trials, where they increased nodulation, plant growth, grain yield, and nitrogen content compared to uninoculated controls. The study found substantial diversity among the rhizobia populations and that inoculation with efficient strains is an effective way to increase legume productivity and reduce chemical fertilizer use.
Genetics Of Legume Rhizobium Symbiosis
The document discusses the genetics of the legume-rhizobium symbiosis. It describes how:
1) Farmers have known for millennia that legumes improve soil fertility through nitrogen fixation via their symbiotic relationship with rhizobia bacteria in root nodules.
2) In the late 19th century, it was discovered that the root nodules themselves were responsible for converting atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia through the microorganisms now known as rhizobia.
3) A complex process involving infection of roots by rhizobia, nodule development, nitrogen fixation in nodules, and nodule senescence allows legumes to fix atmospheric nitrogen thanks to their symbiotic relationship
Globeways Corporate PPT
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Globeways Canada Inc. is part of Hakan Agro DMCC. Hakan Agro Group, is head-quartered in Dubai, United Arab Emirates and specializes in supply chain management of agricultural commodities such as Pulses, Oil Seeds & Edible Oils, Frozen Poultry & Meats, Dairy Products, Animal Feed Raw Materials, Spices, Staples, Dried Fruits, all kinds of Jute Products, Packaging Materials and Special Crops.
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Sunflowers are recognized for their beauty but also provide important food sources as a healthy vegetable oil and snack. Children in a classroom engaged in various arts and crafts activities involving cutting, pasting, modeling and drawing representations of sunflowers. They also planted sunflower seeds, observed the growth cycle as the plants developed, and looked forward to replanting the new seeds the following spring.
Cereals and legumes
Cereals and legumes are important sources of carbohydrates, protein, and fiber. Cereals like rice, wheat, maize, and sorghum are grains high in carbohydrates and protein. Legumes which include beans, peas, and lentils are also versatile, nutritious foods that are high in protein and fiber while being low in fat. The document provides nutritional information about specific cereals like rice, wheat, and maize as well as legumes like beans, peas, and lentils. It asks questions about using cereals to make bread, dishes with cereals, preparing beans, recipes with peas, and increasing intake of lentils.
Black gram
This document provides information on the flower morphology and floral biology of black gram. It discusses that black gram is a self-pollinated crop grown in warm temperatures and medium rainfall. Its flowers open in the morning and self-pollinate from bud stage through anther dehiscence at night. Cross-pollination can be achieved through emasculation and manually rubbing donor anther pollen on the stigma of emasculated buds.
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This document discusses legumes, which are plants in the legume family grown for their seeds and pods. Legumes are notable for their ability to fix nitrogen in root nodules. Common legumes include beans, lentils, peas, and soybeans. Legumes provide health benefits as they are high in protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. They also help prevent hunger and are inexpensive sources of plant-based protein. The document recommends incorporating legumes into meals and smoothies to take advantage of their nutritional properties.
Microbe Plant Mutalisms- Rhizobia/Legumes
Plants appear to have some control over their mutualistic relationship with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia bacteria. While rhizobia benefit from infecting plant roots to receive carbohydrates, over-infection may not benefit the plant as nitrogen fixation is an energetically costly process for the bacteria. Studies show that plants reduce nodule formation under high nitrogen/low phosphorus conditions, when nitrogen is less valuable, suggesting plants regulate nodule numbers based on their own needs. Mathematical modeling also explores the complex dynamics between rhizobia strains that are mutualistic, parasitic, or non-symbiotic.
304 subrata paul
i am student of assam university silchar ,, i want to share my presentation ,whatever i have prepared, & ready to deliver.
Structure of legumes
This document summarizes the structure and composition of legume seeds. It notes that legumes are an important family of dicotyledonous plants that include crops like peas, beans, lentils, peanuts and soybeans. These legume seeds have three main parts - the seed coat, cotyledons, and hypocotyl. The cotyledons make up around 90% of the seed and contain protein bodies and lipid deposits that neatly package the proteins and lipids. The size and structure of these protein bodies and lipid deposits varies between different legumes. The document provides examples of the size and packaging of proteins, lipids and starches in seeds of soybeans, peanuts, peas and broad beans.
Plant physiology report [autosaved]
Plants respond to environmental stresses through various mechanisms. Water stress leads to stomatal closure mediated by abscisic acid to reduce water loss. High light can cause photoinhibition of photosynthesis but plants repair damage to photosystem II through the D1 repair cycle. Temperature stress outside a plant's tolerance range disrupts membranes and proteins. Biotic stresses activate defense genes and pathogenesis-related proteins.
Rhizobium
Rhizobia are symbiotic diazotrophs (prokaryotic organisms that carry out dinitrogen fixation) that form a symbiotic association with legumes. This association is symbiotic in that both the plant and rhizobia benefit. The plant supplies the rhizobia with energy in the form of amino acids and the rhizobia fix nitrogen from the atmosphere for plant uptake. The reduction of atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia is the second most important biological process on earth after photosynthesis (Sylvia, 2005). The actual process of dinitrogen fixation can only be carried out by diazotrophs that contain the enzyme dinitrogenase. Nitrogen is the most critical nutrient needed to support plant growth. Unfortunately, atmospheric dinitrogen (78% of air we breathe) is extremely stable due to triple bonds which can only be broken by energy intensive ways. These include electrical N2 fixation by lightning where oxides of N come to ground with rain, the Haber-Bosch process in industrial fertilizer production, and biological N2 fixation in legumes by bacterial symbionts such as Rhizobium etli. Biological fixation of nitrogen was the leading form of annual nitrogen input until the last decade of the 20th century (Russelle, 2008). It is gaining attention once again as sustainability becomes a central focus to feed a world population of over 7 billion people.
Production Technology of Avocado in Pakistan
Avocado is a nutritious fruit. But awareness about it in Pakistan is not significant. Actually many people think that it does not grow in Pakistan. So here is the file comprising basic information about the production technology.
Plant & Microbe Interaction - plant roots
The document discusses the symbiotic relationship between plant roots and fungi known as mycorrhizae. Mycorrhizal fungi form structures around and between plant roots called Hartig nets. This increases the plant's absorption of water and nutrients from soil. In exchange, the plant provides the fungus with sugars and amino acids from photosynthesis. There are two types of mycorrhizal associations - ectomycorrhizal where the fungus forms a sheath around the root, and endomycorrhizal where the fungus grows into the root cortex.
N2 fixation sith
Nitrogen is essential for all life and is required to make proteins, DNA, RNA and other biomolecules. It can be obtained through nitrogen fixation, the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen-containing compounds that can be used by plants and other organisms. This process is carried out by bacteria that are able to break the strong triple bond of dinitrogen gas and "fix" it into useable forms like ammonia. Important nitrogen-fixing bacteria include Rhizobium species that form symbiotic root nodules on legumes and blue-green algae. Nitrogen fixation provides the main natural source of nitrogen in ecosystems and is vital for agriculture.
Sunflower cultivation
This document provides information on sunflower cultivation in India. It discusses the composition of sunflower seeds and the main areas of cultivation across North, West, South, and Central zones of India. The focus is on the Kachchh district in Gujarat state, with planned acreage across several villages. A campaign is outlined to promote sunflower cultivation, including farmer meetings and demonstrations. Recommended varieties, growth cycle, agronomic practices, and pest and disease management are described. Harvesting methods and some additional facts regarding sunflower cultivation are also summarized.
Nitrogen cycle
The document discusses the nitrogen cycle. It describes how nitrogen exists in the atmosphere but is converted by bacteria and algae into forms that can be used by plants and animals through biological fixation. Lightning and industrial processes also fix nitrogen. Plants take up nitrogen from the soil and animals get nitrogen from eating plants. Nitrogen is returned to the soil through animal waste or decay. Bacteria then convert nitrogen back into forms that can re-enter the atmosphere, completing the cycle. The nitrogen cycle is essential for providing the nutrient needs of all living things.
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Phenotypic and genotypic diversity of Rhizobia nodulating lentil and chickpea...
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- 1. The Pulses Conclave 2014 “Lentil Panel” Grand Hyatt Goa, India February 20 2014 Peter Wilson Chief Executive Officer – Australia Milling Group Chairman – Pulse Australia Limited
- 2. Panel Members Sunil Baldewa – Siliguri Associates – India Harsha Rai – Mayur Global – India Rav Kapoor – CEO ETG – Canada Neeraj Dhawan – Mega Grain – India Gerald Donkersgoed – ILTA Grain - Canada
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