This quality manual outlines Lehman Brothers' quality management system. It describes the company's history, products/services which included banking, investment banking, and capital markets. It discusses Lehman Brothers' bankruptcy in 2008 as the largest in US history at the time. The manual provides the documentation structure, processes, management responsibilities, and requirements for quality planning, implementation, monitoring, measurement and improvement.
Liner programming on Management ScienceAbdul Motaleb
The document discusses management science and linear programming. It provides details on:
1) Management science uses various scientific principles and analytical methods to help organizations make rational decisions to maximize profit or minimize expenses.
2) Management science research can be done on fundamental, modeling, and application levels.
3) Linear programming is a method to achieve the optimal outcome given linear constraints and can be used to solve production planning, marketing mix, product distribution, and staff scheduling problems in business.
4) The key characteristics of linear programming problems are that they involve optimization with an objective function and constraints, and have linear relationships between variables.
Financial objectives are goals or targets set by a business regarding its financial performance. Typical financial objectives include cash flow targets, cost minimization, return on capital employed, and shareholders' returns. Cash flow targets ensure a business has enough cash when needed. Cost minimization aims to raise profits by reducing costs. Return on capital employed measures profit generated relative to money invested. Shareholders' returns objectives focus on dividend per share and dividend yield. A business's financial objectives are influenced by internal factors like stakeholders and strategy, and external factors such as economic climate, competition, and legislation.
ch02 - Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.pptNicolasErnesto2
The conceptual framework establishes fundamental concepts that guide standard-setting and financial reporting more broadly. It is being jointly developed by the IASB and FASB and consists of three levels: the objective of financial reporting, qualitative characteristics, and specific concepts. The objective is to provide useful information to capital providers. Key qualitative characteristics include relevance and faithful representation. The framework also outlines basic elements, assumptions, principles, and constraints that guide accounting practices. It aims to create consistency and coherence in financial reporting standards over time.
The document discusses issues around spectrum allocation in the Indian telecommunication industry. It provides background on the growth of telecom in India and key issues facing the sector currently, including spectrum allocation and pricing. The objectives are to identify problems in Indian telecom related to spectrum and analyze the performance of the industry. Key findings are that spectrum is a scarce resource and efficient allocation and pricing methods are needed to support continued growth of wireless services in India.
SM Investments Corporation is a leading Philippine conglomerate with interests in retail, property development, banking, and investments. It operates through subsidiaries and joint ventures, including SM Prime Holdings (property), BDO Unibank and China Banking Corporation (banking), and investments in companies like Atlas Mining. The company was founded in 1958 and is led by the Sy family. It has grown to become one of the largest companies in the Philippines with iconic brands like SM Supermalls and Banco de Oro.
IMPROPER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN DAEWOO GROUPSudharshanE1
Daewoo Group-Daewoo Group was a major South Korean conglomerate and car manufacturer and founded by Woo Choong Kim in 1967. Later due to various corporate governance issues the company was shut down
The document provides an overview of strategic management and competitive analysis. It discusses the need to carefully analyze competitors, including defining who they are, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and analyzing a company's own strengths and weaknesses. Competitive analysis helps companies understand customer needs and develop effective strategies. The document also discusses profiling competitors, identifying new potential competitors, factors that influence marketing strategies, and the role of marketing management.
The document provides an overview of Reliance Jio, including its history, products and services like 4G networks and LYF smartphones, marketing campaigns like initial plans offered, and distribution channels for SIM issuance and recharging like Reliance Digital stores and through the ODSS door-to-door sales force. Key details covered include Jio's acquisition of spectrum licenses, launch of services, and partnerships to provide devices and content to customers across India.
Liner programming on Management ScienceAbdul Motaleb
The document discusses management science and linear programming. It provides details on:
1) Management science uses various scientific principles and analytical methods to help organizations make rational decisions to maximize profit or minimize expenses.
2) Management science research can be done on fundamental, modeling, and application levels.
3) Linear programming is a method to achieve the optimal outcome given linear constraints and can be used to solve production planning, marketing mix, product distribution, and staff scheduling problems in business.
4) The key characteristics of linear programming problems are that they involve optimization with an objective function and constraints, and have linear relationships between variables.
Financial objectives are goals or targets set by a business regarding its financial performance. Typical financial objectives include cash flow targets, cost minimization, return on capital employed, and shareholders' returns. Cash flow targets ensure a business has enough cash when needed. Cost minimization aims to raise profits by reducing costs. Return on capital employed measures profit generated relative to money invested. Shareholders' returns objectives focus on dividend per share and dividend yield. A business's financial objectives are influenced by internal factors like stakeholders and strategy, and external factors such as economic climate, competition, and legislation.
ch02 - Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting.pptNicolasErnesto2
The conceptual framework establishes fundamental concepts that guide standard-setting and financial reporting more broadly. It is being jointly developed by the IASB and FASB and consists of three levels: the objective of financial reporting, qualitative characteristics, and specific concepts. The objective is to provide useful information to capital providers. Key qualitative characteristics include relevance and faithful representation. The framework also outlines basic elements, assumptions, principles, and constraints that guide accounting practices. It aims to create consistency and coherence in financial reporting standards over time.
The document discusses issues around spectrum allocation in the Indian telecommunication industry. It provides background on the growth of telecom in India and key issues facing the sector currently, including spectrum allocation and pricing. The objectives are to identify problems in Indian telecom related to spectrum and analyze the performance of the industry. Key findings are that spectrum is a scarce resource and efficient allocation and pricing methods are needed to support continued growth of wireless services in India.
SM Investments Corporation is a leading Philippine conglomerate with interests in retail, property development, banking, and investments. It operates through subsidiaries and joint ventures, including SM Prime Holdings (property), BDO Unibank and China Banking Corporation (banking), and investments in companies like Atlas Mining. The company was founded in 1958 and is led by the Sy family. It has grown to become one of the largest companies in the Philippines with iconic brands like SM Supermalls and Banco de Oro.
IMPROPER CORPORATE GOVERNANCE IN DAEWOO GROUPSudharshanE1
Daewoo Group-Daewoo Group was a major South Korean conglomerate and car manufacturer and founded by Woo Choong Kim in 1967. Later due to various corporate governance issues the company was shut down
The document provides an overview of strategic management and competitive analysis. It discusses the need to carefully analyze competitors, including defining who they are, analyzing their strengths and weaknesses, and analyzing a company's own strengths and weaknesses. Competitive analysis helps companies understand customer needs and develop effective strategies. The document also discusses profiling competitors, identifying new potential competitors, factors that influence marketing strategies, and the role of marketing management.
The document provides an overview of Reliance Jio, including its history, products and services like 4G networks and LYF smartphones, marketing campaigns like initial plans offered, and distribution channels for SIM issuance and recharging like Reliance Digital stores and through the ODSS door-to-door sales force. Key details covered include Jio's acquisition of spectrum licenses, launch of services, and partnerships to provide devices and content to customers across India.
Liron conferencia tratamiento trastornos respiratorios del sueño en cardiolog...Liron Antirronquidos
El documento resume los trastornos respiratorios del sueño como ronquido, síndrome de resistencia de la vía aérea y síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva. Describe las consecuencias de estos trastornos como hipertensión, problemas cardiovasculares y diabetes. Finalmente, presenta tratamientos efectivos como la mascarilla CPAP, dispositivos de avance mandibular y cirugía.
Rohit Salpe is seeking a challenging position as a software professional utilizing his skills in areas like Java, C, AWS, HTML, CSS, Swift, JavaScript, SQL, Oracle, Apache, Tomcat, MS Office, and Linux. He has a Master's in Computer Science from Marist College and a Bachelor's in Computer Engineering from PDEA's College of Engineering in India. His experience includes internships at MECHIT Technologies developing web applications and at Marist College analyzing student data. His academic projects include developing applications for shapes, poker, and networking as well as databases.
China Sinotruk International Co., Ltd & Paroma Enterprises Ltd Uganda present to you top quality Heavy Duty Trucks in Uganda and East Africa. Located at Aqua House, Kansanga next to KIU, Ggaba Road.
Email: lilylee@sinotrucks.net & francisbukenya@sinotrucks.net
Mobile: +86 186 2291 1873 & +256703151714/
Tel: +86 22 8699 5976
Fax: +86 22 8699 5976
Website: http://www.sinotrucks.net/ & www.paromauganda.com
Viber: +33 6 50 35 54 07
WhatsApp: +86 18622911873
Youtube:SINOTRUK_INTRODUCTION
1. The development of rock engineering began in the late 18th century, but it was not established as a formal discipline until the 1960s after several catastrophic dam failures that demonstrated limitations in predicting rock mass behavior.
2. Early contributors to rock mechanics came from various fields like soil mechanics, mining, and geology. They made important contributions to understanding rock failure even if they did not consider themselves "rock mechanics engineers".
3. Major events like dam failures and mine collapses in the 1950s and 1960s highlighted the need for rock mechanics as a discipline and led to rapid advances in methods for designing rock structures and underground excavations.
Este documento presenta una lista de 44 personas que participarán en un programa de marketing avanzado, incluyendo su nombre, la empresa para la que trabajan, y su cargo. Las empresas representadas incluyen bancos, empresas de telecomunicaciones, supermercados, fabricantes, clínicas y más.
Este documento describe y compara diferentes tipos de medios de transmisión de datos, incluyendo cable de par trenzado, cable coaxial, fibra óptica y medios inalámbricos como microondas terrestres y por satélite. Explica las características, ventajas y desventajas de cada uno, así como su aplicación común. También incluye una tabla comparativa resumiendo aspectos clave como inmunidad electromagnética, ancho de banda, costo y observaciones.
AIDF Aid & Response Summit: Asia 2015 - speaker brochureSonjaRue
The document provides information about the Aid & International Development Forum (AIDF) Asia summit on Mobile for Development, Disaster Resilience, and Operations taking place from June 16-18, 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand. The summit will bring together over 400 humanitarian experts and leaders from organizations like the UN, NGOs, governments, and private sector to discuss innovations in using mobile technologies for aid delivery, building disaster resilience, and improving emergency response operations in Southeast Asia. Topics will include mobile health programs, distance education, disaster risk reduction, early warning systems, and best practices for logistics and supply planning during humanitarian crises.
The document contains a list of 32 contacts with their identification numbers, phone numbers, cities, and contact types. For each contact it provides the name, identification number, phone number, city, and whether the contact type is professional. The contacts are listed alphabetically by last name.
Guía de uso de las campañas avanzadas de google adwordsOscar García
Google ha lanzado durante este año una nueva versión de las campañas publicitarias de Google AdWords, las llaman las campañas avanzadas y el cambio se llevó a cabo de forma automática.
Este cambio se ha pensado para realizar una orientación hacia el usuario mucho más específica, ya que incluye los diferentes contexto bajo los que se puede dar una búsqueda. También añade dispositivos, debido a que los móviles son cada vez más utilizados para conseguir información. Los anuncios elaborados para este tipo de dispositivos y de contextos tienen una efectividad mucho más alta, reciben más clics y más conversiones.
Las búsquedas avanzadas de Google AdWords exigen que te adaptes y que modifiques la forma en la que hacías publicidad.
Desde SEO Coaching queremos mantenerte informado de las últimas novedades del mundo SEO, marketing online y social media. Suscríbete a nuestra newsletter y recibe la información más interesante en tu email: http://posicionamiento-web.seocoaching.es/slideshare
El documento resume los puntos principales de una visita a la feria Construtec, incluyendo información sobre casas pasivas, aislamiento térmico, ventilación, y varios productos y sistemas constructivos como paneles estructurales de hormigón y aislamiento, sistemas de fijación para cubiertas, y soluciones para tratar la humedad. Se mencionan también cursos y talleres sobre normativas de construcción.
Impact of Government Intervention in Online ChannelsDavid Warwick
Presentation for Melbourne Internet Show on the impact and methods of Government Intervention in Online Channels. Delivered on 30 April 2012 by David Warwick. Topics include SOPA, PIPA, Australian Internet Filter proposal and the global political dimensions of online censorship.
Enabling community and patient centred care, pop up uni, 11am, 3 september 2015NHS England
Expo is the most significant annual health and social care event in the calendar, uniting more NHS and care leaders, commissioners, clinicians, voluntary sector partners, innovators and media than any other health and care event.
Expo 15 returned to Manchester and was hosted once again by NHS England. Around 5000 people a day from health and care, the voluntary sector, local government, and industry joined together at Manchester Central Convention Centre for two packed days of speakers, workshops, exhibitions and professional development.
This year, Expo was more relevant and engaging than ever before, happening within the first 100 days of the new Government, and almost 12 months after the publication of the NHS Five Year Forward View. It was also a great opportunity to check on and learn from the progress of Greater Manchester as the area prepares to take over a £6 billion devolved health and social care budget, pledging to integrate hospital, community, primary and social care and vastly improve health and well-being.
More information is available online: www.expo.nhs.uk
Este documento trata sobre estrategias de marketing relacional y gestión de la relación con el cliente. Explica que las empresas deben crear vínculos estables con los clientes añadiendo valor al servicio a través de una relación personalizada uno a uno para lograr la fidelización. También describe cómo las herramientas tecnológicas como los sistemas de información pueden ayudar a almacenar conocimiento sobre los clientes para mejorar la interacción con ellos.
El documento presenta una guía didáctica sobre la vida y obra de Práxedes Mateo-Sagasta, político y estadista español del siglo XIX. Explica que Sagasta se formó como ingeniero pero se dedicó a la política, donde desempeñó un papel clave en la consolidación del liberalismo y el parlamentarismo en España. Como político, presidió el gobierno en siete ocasiones y aprobó leyes cruciales como la de prensa de 1883. La guía ofrece información sobre la trayectoria de Sagasta y su visión
Este documento ofrece sugerencias para mejorar y ampliar el vocabulario en educación infantil y primaria. Propone el uso de bits de inteligencia, carteles de vocabulario y otras actividades como sopas de letras, crucigramas y juegos de palabras. También recomienda el recurso online "Mi mundo en palabras" del Instituto Cervantes y actividades variadas encontradas en las páginas "Profes.net" y "Comunidad escolar".
This document presents general principles for credit reporting systems developed by a World Bank task force. It aims to provide guidance to stakeholders involved in credit reporting, including policymakers, regulators, data providers, service providers, users, and individuals whose data is stored. The principles cover key areas of credit reporting systems, including data, data processing, governance, legal/regulatory frameworks, and cross-border data flows. The document also outlines recommendations for effective oversight of credit reporting systems.
This document presents general principles for credit reporting systems developed by a World Bank task force. It aims to provide guidance to stakeholders involved in credit reporting, including policymakers, regulators, data providers, service providers, users, and individuals whose data is stored. The principles cover key areas of credit reporting systems, including data, data processing, governance, legal/regulatory frameworks, and cross-border data flows. The document also outlines recommendations for effective oversight of credit reporting systems.
Liron conferencia tratamiento trastornos respiratorios del sueño en cardiolog...Liron Antirronquidos
El documento resume los trastornos respiratorios del sueño como ronquido, síndrome de resistencia de la vía aérea y síndrome de apnea-hipopnea obstructiva. Describe las consecuencias de estos trastornos como hipertensión, problemas cardiovasculares y diabetes. Finalmente, presenta tratamientos efectivos como la mascarilla CPAP, dispositivos de avance mandibular y cirugía.
Rohit Salpe is seeking a challenging position as a software professional utilizing his skills in areas like Java, C, AWS, HTML, CSS, Swift, JavaScript, SQL, Oracle, Apache, Tomcat, MS Office, and Linux. He has a Master's in Computer Science from Marist College and a Bachelor's in Computer Engineering from PDEA's College of Engineering in India. His experience includes internships at MECHIT Technologies developing web applications and at Marist College analyzing student data. His academic projects include developing applications for shapes, poker, and networking as well as databases.
China Sinotruk International Co., Ltd & Paroma Enterprises Ltd Uganda present to you top quality Heavy Duty Trucks in Uganda and East Africa. Located at Aqua House, Kansanga next to KIU, Ggaba Road.
Email: lilylee@sinotrucks.net & francisbukenya@sinotrucks.net
Mobile: +86 186 2291 1873 & +256703151714/
Tel: +86 22 8699 5976
Fax: +86 22 8699 5976
Website: http://www.sinotrucks.net/ & www.paromauganda.com
Viber: +33 6 50 35 54 07
WhatsApp: +86 18622911873
Youtube:SINOTRUK_INTRODUCTION
1. The development of rock engineering began in the late 18th century, but it was not established as a formal discipline until the 1960s after several catastrophic dam failures that demonstrated limitations in predicting rock mass behavior.
2. Early contributors to rock mechanics came from various fields like soil mechanics, mining, and geology. They made important contributions to understanding rock failure even if they did not consider themselves "rock mechanics engineers".
3. Major events like dam failures and mine collapses in the 1950s and 1960s highlighted the need for rock mechanics as a discipline and led to rapid advances in methods for designing rock structures and underground excavations.
Este documento presenta una lista de 44 personas que participarán en un programa de marketing avanzado, incluyendo su nombre, la empresa para la que trabajan, y su cargo. Las empresas representadas incluyen bancos, empresas de telecomunicaciones, supermercados, fabricantes, clínicas y más.
Este documento describe y compara diferentes tipos de medios de transmisión de datos, incluyendo cable de par trenzado, cable coaxial, fibra óptica y medios inalámbricos como microondas terrestres y por satélite. Explica las características, ventajas y desventajas de cada uno, así como su aplicación común. También incluye una tabla comparativa resumiendo aspectos clave como inmunidad electromagnética, ancho de banda, costo y observaciones.
AIDF Aid & Response Summit: Asia 2015 - speaker brochureSonjaRue
The document provides information about the Aid & International Development Forum (AIDF) Asia summit on Mobile for Development, Disaster Resilience, and Operations taking place from June 16-18, 2015 in Bangkok, Thailand. The summit will bring together over 400 humanitarian experts and leaders from organizations like the UN, NGOs, governments, and private sector to discuss innovations in using mobile technologies for aid delivery, building disaster resilience, and improving emergency response operations in Southeast Asia. Topics will include mobile health programs, distance education, disaster risk reduction, early warning systems, and best practices for logistics and supply planning during humanitarian crises.
The document contains a list of 32 contacts with their identification numbers, phone numbers, cities, and contact types. For each contact it provides the name, identification number, phone number, city, and whether the contact type is professional. The contacts are listed alphabetically by last name.
Guía de uso de las campañas avanzadas de google adwordsOscar García
Google ha lanzado durante este año una nueva versión de las campañas publicitarias de Google AdWords, las llaman las campañas avanzadas y el cambio se llevó a cabo de forma automática.
Este cambio se ha pensado para realizar una orientación hacia el usuario mucho más específica, ya que incluye los diferentes contexto bajo los que se puede dar una búsqueda. También añade dispositivos, debido a que los móviles son cada vez más utilizados para conseguir información. Los anuncios elaborados para este tipo de dispositivos y de contextos tienen una efectividad mucho más alta, reciben más clics y más conversiones.
Las búsquedas avanzadas de Google AdWords exigen que te adaptes y que modifiques la forma en la que hacías publicidad.
Desde SEO Coaching queremos mantenerte informado de las últimas novedades del mundo SEO, marketing online y social media. Suscríbete a nuestra newsletter y recibe la información más interesante en tu email: http://posicionamiento-web.seocoaching.es/slideshare
El documento resume los puntos principales de una visita a la feria Construtec, incluyendo información sobre casas pasivas, aislamiento térmico, ventilación, y varios productos y sistemas constructivos como paneles estructurales de hormigón y aislamiento, sistemas de fijación para cubiertas, y soluciones para tratar la humedad. Se mencionan también cursos y talleres sobre normativas de construcción.
Impact of Government Intervention in Online ChannelsDavid Warwick
Presentation for Melbourne Internet Show on the impact and methods of Government Intervention in Online Channels. Delivered on 30 April 2012 by David Warwick. Topics include SOPA, PIPA, Australian Internet Filter proposal and the global political dimensions of online censorship.
Enabling community and patient centred care, pop up uni, 11am, 3 september 2015NHS England
Expo is the most significant annual health and social care event in the calendar, uniting more NHS and care leaders, commissioners, clinicians, voluntary sector partners, innovators and media than any other health and care event.
Expo 15 returned to Manchester and was hosted once again by NHS England. Around 5000 people a day from health and care, the voluntary sector, local government, and industry joined together at Manchester Central Convention Centre for two packed days of speakers, workshops, exhibitions and professional development.
This year, Expo was more relevant and engaging than ever before, happening within the first 100 days of the new Government, and almost 12 months after the publication of the NHS Five Year Forward View. It was also a great opportunity to check on and learn from the progress of Greater Manchester as the area prepares to take over a £6 billion devolved health and social care budget, pledging to integrate hospital, community, primary and social care and vastly improve health and well-being.
More information is available online: www.expo.nhs.uk
Este documento trata sobre estrategias de marketing relacional y gestión de la relación con el cliente. Explica que las empresas deben crear vínculos estables con los clientes añadiendo valor al servicio a través de una relación personalizada uno a uno para lograr la fidelización. También describe cómo las herramientas tecnológicas como los sistemas de información pueden ayudar a almacenar conocimiento sobre los clientes para mejorar la interacción con ellos.
El documento presenta una guía didáctica sobre la vida y obra de Práxedes Mateo-Sagasta, político y estadista español del siglo XIX. Explica que Sagasta se formó como ingeniero pero se dedicó a la política, donde desempeñó un papel clave en la consolidación del liberalismo y el parlamentarismo en España. Como político, presidió el gobierno en siete ocasiones y aprobó leyes cruciales como la de prensa de 1883. La guía ofrece información sobre la trayectoria de Sagasta y su visión
Este documento ofrece sugerencias para mejorar y ampliar el vocabulario en educación infantil y primaria. Propone el uso de bits de inteligencia, carteles de vocabulario y otras actividades como sopas de letras, crucigramas y juegos de palabras. También recomienda el recurso online "Mi mundo en palabras" del Instituto Cervantes y actividades variadas encontradas en las páginas "Profes.net" y "Comunidad escolar".
This document presents general principles for credit reporting systems developed by a World Bank task force. It aims to provide guidance to stakeholders involved in credit reporting, including policymakers, regulators, data providers, service providers, users, and individuals whose data is stored. The principles cover key areas of credit reporting systems, including data, data processing, governance, legal/regulatory frameworks, and cross-border data flows. The document also outlines recommendations for effective oversight of credit reporting systems.
This document presents general principles for credit reporting systems developed by a World Bank task force. It aims to provide guidance to stakeholders involved in credit reporting, including policymakers, regulators, data providers, service providers, users, and individuals whose data is stored. The principles cover key areas of credit reporting systems, including data, data processing, governance, legal/regulatory frameworks, and cross-border data flows. The document also outlines recommendations for effective oversight of credit reporting systems.
Bangladesh Shilpa Bank & CAMELS Rating System for Banking InstitutionsShagufta Rahman
The document provides information about Bangladesh Shilpa Bank (BSB). It was formed on December 31, 1972 with a mission to provide financial support and equity backing to industrial projects. It offers term loans, working capital loans, equity support, guarantees, and other commercial banking services. BSB also engages in advisory services, training, project implementation, rehabilitation, and other activities. It has various functional departments. In 2009, BSB was acquired and taken over by Bangladesh Development Bank Limited to operate as a public limited company from January 3, 2010. The document also provides details about CAMELS rating system which is used to evaluate the financial health of banking institutions based on capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, liquid
This document summarizes discussions from the annual AICPA Conference on Current SEC and PCAOB Developments. Key topics discussed included new accounting standards such as revenue recognition and leases. Regulators expressed concerns about Brexit and LIBOR disclosures. Cybersecurity disclosures were also emphasized. The PCAOB and SEC discussed critical audit matters and their expectation that auditors will identify at least one CAM for each audit. SEC Chairman Clayton and Chief Accountant Bricker stressed the importance of high-quality financial reporting.
Compliance Project Management -- Presentation at PMI Switzerlandsgarazi
After the global financial crisis of 2008, banks have been heavily pressured by governments and regulatory authorities to comply to new financial laws and regulations (Dodd-Frank Act, MiFID2, FIDLEG, ..). The FATCA legislation is active since 2014. The Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI), building on FATCA, will become reality for Switzerland for most other clients on 01 January 2017! Others, such as MiFID2, are upcoming.
This presentation, held at PMI Switzerland on 01 November 2016, first provide the background of the financial crisis of 2008, then describes some of the regulatory responses that have been brought to it. Then, it dwells into the specificities of Compliance Project Management, the effective implementation of the regulations in banks.
The Credit Investor's Handbook Leveraged Loans, High Yield Bonds, and Distres...Lucky Gods
Unlock Credit Kingdom Secrets : Your Guide to Leveraged Loans, High-Yield Bonds & Distressed Debt (The Credit Investor's Handbook )
Ready to master the $4 trillion+ credit market? This handbook is your key to navigating leveraged loans, high-yield bonds , and even distressed debt like a pro. Inside, you'll find:
7-step credit analysis framework: Analyze any deal like a seasoned investor
War stories and industry insights: Learn from the trenches with real-world examples
Demystifying jargon: From EBITDA to covenants, we've got you covered ️
Private, public, performing, distressed: Conquer all corners of the credit universe
Land your dream credit job: Sharpen your skills and impress recruiters ✨
Don't miss out on this golden opportunity! Grab your copy and unlock the secrets of the credit kingdom ✨
This document summarizes Mr. Sim Hoy Chhoung's presentation at the 2016 Real Estate Market & Outlook Conference in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The presentation covered several topics: 1) the importance of accurate valuations for financial reporting and secured lending; 2) recommendations from case studies and reports to improve valuation standards and processes; 3) an overview of Cambodia's growing property market and banking sector; and 4) the current state of valuation standards and applications in Cambodia. The presentation called for strengthening valuation practices in Cambodia through adopting recognized international standards to support a healthy real estate sector and stable economy.
Business Intelligence at Punjab National BankPuneet Arora
The document discusses the implementation of an Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW) project at Punjab National Bank to address the bank's need for a unified view of data, timely reporting, monitoring of weak areas, and structured analysis to support decision making. The bank faced challenges during implementation related to data quality, extraction, loading, and customer relationship management. The EDW project was implemented in phases and successfully provided integrated solutions for risk management, anti-money laundering, and customer relationship management.
This document provides an overview of the private banking market and analyzes the performance of JP Morgan's private bank. It describes the characteristics of the private banking market, including the wealth pyramid, key performance indicators, regulation trends, and the top 5 global private banks. It then analyzes JP Morgan's private bank, detailing its products/services, financial performance highlights from 2016, and past and future strategies. The document uses tables and figures to visualize private banking market data and JP Morgan's financial results.
WNS’ commercial banking solutions coupled with cutting-edge transformational solutions enable superior customer experience & cost-effective commercial banking operations.
Get more details on - https://s3.wns.com/S3_5/Documents/Articles/PDFFiles/7064/274/3_Step_Changes_That_Transform_Commercial_Credit_Appraisal.pdf
This presentation encapsulates an in-depth exploration of user research and the creation of an innovative financial dashboard for Vector Consulting. I embarked on a journey to meticulously understand the needs, preferences, and pain points of users within the financial domain. Through comprehensive user research, I unearthed valuable insights that served as the foundation for designing a cutting-edge financial dashboard.
Basel II is the second of the Basel Accords, which are recommendations on banking laws and regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision.
Bladex is a trade finance bank focused on Latin America that has operated since 1979. It has a unique shareholding structure of 23 Latin American governments. The presentation discusses Bladex's business model, which focuses on trade finance throughout the trade value chain in Latin America. It also covers Bladex's financial performance, liquidity management, portfolio management, and growth opportunities. Bladex aims to provide financial solutions and support regional economic integration in Latin America.
The document summarizes the key aspects of manual accounting systems, including the use of a general ledger and subsidiary ledgers to record transactions. It describes how special journals, such as the revenue journal, are used to record sales on account. Transactions are posted from the special journals to update the appropriate accounts in the subsidiary ledgers and general ledger on a periodic basis, such as monthly. The revenue journal and posting process are provided as an example.
Group Presentation on the events surrounding Lehman Brothers. An insight into the rules of corporate governance rules and bailout comparison between USA and UK.
Factoring opportunities in Spain, an analysis of companies in the IBEX 35Nina Schmiedt
This document provides an analysis of factoring opportunities in Spain by examining its use among companies in the IBEX 35 stock index. It begins with definitions of factoring and reverse factoring, describing them as methods for companies to sell their accounts receivable to banks in exchange for immediate cash. The document then analyzes the Spanish market for factoring and the economic situation. Through empirical analysis of annual reports from 2011-2013, it examines factoring and reverse factoring usage among top IBEX 35 companies and calculates their cash gaps. The goal is to determine if factoring helps reduce cash gaps and improve liquidity for Spanish companies.
The document summarizes various services offered by Grant Thornton LLP to help banks with regulatory compliance, reform, loan portfolio reviews, stress testing, foreclosure reviews, internal audits, governance, risk management, mergers and acquisitions, performance improvement, problem bank services, and more. Grant Thornton has over 80 years of experience serving the banking industry and can provide services to help banks address regulatory demands and complex financial reform in an ethical and professional manner.
The document summarizes various services provided by Grant Thornton LLP to help banks with regulatory compliance, reform, loan portfolio reviews, stress testing, foreclosure reviews, internal audits, governance, risk management, mergers and acquisitions, performance improvement, problem bank services, and more. Grant Thornton has over 80 years of experience serving the banking industry and can help banks address critical business needs in areas like compliance, risk management, internal controls, and performance improvement.
The document discusses transportation problems and assignment problems in operations research. It provides:
1) An overview of transportation problems, including the mathematical formulation to minimize transportation costs while meeting supply and demand constraints.
2) Methods for obtaining initial basic feasible solutions to transportation problems, such as the North-West Corner Rule and Vogel's Approximation Method.
3) Techniques for moving towards an optimal solution, including determining net evaluations and selecting entering variables.
4) The formulation and algorithm for solving assignment problems to minimize assignment costs while ensuring each job is assigned to exactly one machine.
The document discusses time and space complexity analysis of algorithms. Time complexity measures the number of steps to solve a problem based on input size, with common orders being O(log n), O(n), O(n log n), O(n^2). Space complexity measures memory usage, which can be reused unlike time. Big O notation describes asymptotic growth rates to compare algorithm efficiencies, with constant O(1) being best and exponential O(c^n) being worst.
The oc curve_of_attribute_acceptance_plansAnkit Katiyar
The document discusses operating characteristic (OC) curves, which describe the probability of accepting a lot based on the lot's quality level. The typical OC curve has an S-shape, with the probability of acceptance decreasing as the percent of nonconforming items increases. Sampling plans can approach the ideal step-function OC curve as the sample size and acceptance number increase. Specific points on the OC curve correspond to acceptance quality limits and rejection quality limits.
This document discusses conceptual problems in statistics, testing, and experimentation in cognitive psychology. It identifies three main sources of variability in psychological data: (1) participant interest and motivation, (2) individual differences, and (3) potentially stochastic cognitive mechanisms. Addressing this variability poses challenges for developing normative and descriptive models of cognition and for making inferences from group-level data to individuals. The document also discusses approaches like individual differences research and modeling heterogeneous groups to help address these challenges.
The document summarizes key concepts about queuing systems and simple queuing models. It discusses:
1) Components of a queuing system including the arrival process, service mechanism, and queue discipline.
2) Performance measures for queuing systems such as average delay, waiting time, and number of customers.
3) The M/M/1 queuing model where arrivals and service times follow exponential distributions with a single server. Expressions are given for performance measures in this model.
4) How limiting the queue length to a finite number affects performance measures compared to an infinite queue system.
Scatter diagrams and correlation and simple linear regresssionAnkit Katiyar
The document discusses scatter diagrams, correlation, and linear regression. It defines key terms like predictor and response variables, positively and negatively associated variables, and the correlation coefficient. It also describes how to calculate the linear correlation coefficient and interpret it. The document shows an example of using least squares regression to fit a line to productivity and experience data. It provides formulas to calculate the slope and intercept of the regression line and how to make predictions with the line. However, predictions should stay within the scope of the observed data used to fit the model.
This document provides an introduction to queueing theory, covering basic concepts from probability theory used in queueing models like random variables, generating functions, and common probability distributions. It then discusses fundamental queueing models and relations, including Kendall's notation for describing queueing systems and Little's Law relating average queue length and waiting time. Specific queueing models are analyzed like the M/M/1, M/M/c, M/Er/1, M/G/1, and G/M/1 queues.
This document provides an introduction to queueing theory. It discusses key concepts such as random variables, probability distributions, performance measures, Little's law and the PASTA property. It then examines several common queueing models including the M/M/1, M/M/c, M/Er/1, M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues. For each model it derives the equilibrium distribution and discusses measures like mean queue length and waiting time. The goal is to provide the fundamental mathematical techniques for analyzing queueing systems.
This document provides an introduction to queueing theory. It discusses key concepts such as random variables, probability distributions, performance measures, Little's law and the PASTA property. It then examines several common queueing models including the M/M/1, M/M/c, M/Er/1, M/G/1 and G/M/1 queues. For each model it derives the equilibrium distribution and discusses measures like mean queue length and waiting time. The goal is to give an overview of basic queueing theory concepts and common single-server and multi-server queues.
Probability mass functions and probability density functionsAnkit Katiyar
This document discusses probability mass functions (pmf) and probability density functions (pdf) for discrete and continuous random variables. A pmf fX(x) gives the probability of a discrete random variable X taking on the value x. A pdf fX(x) defines the probability that a continuous random variable X falls within an interval via its cumulative distribution function FX(x). The pdf must be non-negative and have an area/sum of 1 under the curve/over all x values.
The document outlines a lesson on basic statistical concepts for comparative studies. It covers terminology used in comparative studies including factors, levels, treatments, response variables and experimental units. It discusses topics like randomization to avoid confounding, Simpson's paradox, and the difference between experiments and observational studies. Factorial experiments involving multiple factors are also introduced.
This document discusses histograms and stem-and-leaf plots for analyzing and visualizing the distribution of a single set of numerical data. It provides examples using yearly precipitation data from New York City to demonstrate how to create histograms and stem-and-leaf plots in R. Histograms partition data into bins to show the frequency or relative frequency of observations in each bin, while stem-and-leaf plots list the "stems" and "leaves" of values to show their distribution.
This document discusses inventory management for multiple items and locations. It introduces the concepts of:
1) Setting aggregate inventory policies to meet system-wide objectives when dealing with multiple items and locations.
2) Using exchange curves to analyze the tradeoffs between total inventory levels and other factors like number of replenishments and service levels. These curves allow setting parameters like order costs and carrying costs.
3) Determining optimal reorder quantities, cycle stock, and safety stock levels across an inventory system using techniques like exchange curves. This helps allocate limited inventory budgets across items to maximize performance.
The document summarizes the economic production quantity (EPQ) model and its extensions. It discusses:
1) The EPQ model balances fixed ordering costs and inventory holding costs to determine optimal production/order quantities and intervals.
2) The economic order quantity (EOQ) model is a special case where production rate is infinite and demand is met through ordering.
3) Sensitivity analysis shows how the optimal solutions change with different parameters like production rate and setup costs.
The Kano Model classifies customer needs into three categories - threshold, performance, and excitement - based on their effect on customer satisfaction. Threshold attributes are basic needs whose absence causes dissatisfaction. Performance attributes directly improve satisfaction as implementation increases. Excitement attributes unexpectedly delight customers when implemented. The model is useful for identifying needs, setting requirements, concept development, and analyzing competitors to maximize performance attributes while including excitement attributes.
This document provides an overview of basic probability and statistics concepts. It covers variables, descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation, frequency distributions through histograms, the normal distribution, linear regression, and includes a practice test in the appendices. Key topics are qualitative and quantitative data, parameters versus statistics, measures of central tendency and dispersion, and generating frequency tables and histograms from data sets.
Conceptual foundations statistics and probabilityAnkit Katiyar
This document provides guidance for a 6th grade statistics and probability unit of study. It outlines key concepts students should understand, including developing questions that anticipate variability, understanding data distributions in terms of center, spread and shape, and summarizing and describing distributions using various graphs such as dot plots, histograms and box plots. Students learn to analyze subgroups within data sets and how to match statistical questions to the appropriate graph. The document emphasizes interpreting and constructing dot plots, histograms and box plots to display and analyze numerical data.
This document provides an overview of basic statistical concepts including populations, samples, parameters, statistics, and sampling methods. It defines key terms like population, sample, parameter, statistic, and discusses sampling methods like simple random sampling and stratified sampling. It also covers sampling variability, estimation, hypothesis testing, prediction, and issues around representative vs non-representative samples.
The document outlines 5 axioms of probability:
1) Probabilities are non-negative
2) Probabilities of mutually exclusive events add
3) The probability of the sample space is 1
It then proves 5 theorems about probability:
1) The probability of an event equals 1 minus the probability of its complement
2) The probability of the impossible event (the empty set) is 0
3) The probability of a subset is less than or equal to the probability of the larger set it is contained within
4) A probability is between 0 and 1
5) The addition law - for two events the probability of their union equals the sum of their probabilities minus the probability of their intersection
Applied statistics and probability for engineers solution montgomery && rungerAnkit Katiyar
This document is the copyright page and preface for the book "Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers" by Douglas C. Montgomery and George C. Runger. The copyright is held by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. in 2003. This book was edited, designed, and produced by various teams at John Wiley & Sons and printed by Donnelley/Willard. The preface states that the purpose of the included Student Solutions Manual is to provide additional help for students in understanding the problem-solving processes presented in the main text.
Applied statistics and probability for engineers solution montgomery && runger
Lehman brothers
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CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------- PAGE 1
BRIEF DESCRIPTION --------------------------------------PAGES 2-4
1.SCOPE AND EXCLUSION ------------------------------PAGES 5-6
1.1.1 Purpose of Quality Management System
1.1.2 Scope & Exclusion
1.1.3 Policy
2.NORMATIVE REFERENCES -------------------------- PAGE 7
3.TERMS AND DEFINTIONS ---------------------------PAGE 7
4.QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ---------------PAGES 8-10
4.1 Documentation Structure
4.2 Control of Documents
4.3 Control of Records
5.MANAGEMENT RESPONSIBILITY ------------------ PAGES 11-25
5.1 Management Commitment
5.2 Customer Focus
5.3 Quality Policy
5.3.1 Policy Segmentation
5.3.2 Quality Policy Accounting
5.3.3 Implementation Procedures
5.3.4 Acceptable Lot Sizes
5.4Planning
5.4.1 The Quality Assurance Plan
5.4.2 The Quality Control Plan
5.4.3 Quality Control Plan Components
5.5 Responsibility, Authority & Communication
5.5.1 Responsibility and Authority
5.5.2 Management Representative
5.5.3 List of Processes
5.6 Management Review
5.6.1 General
5.6.2 Review Input
5.6.3 Review Output
6. Resource management……………………………………………..PAGES 26-27
6.1 Provision of resources
6.2 Human resources
6.3 Infrastructure
6.4 Work environment
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7. Product realization…………...............................................PAGES 27-28
7.1 Planning of product realization
7.2 Customer-related processes
7.3 Design and development
7.4 Purchasing
7.5 Production and service provision
7.6 Control of monitoring and measuring equipment
8. Measurement, analysis and improvement…………………….PAGES 28-41
8.1 General
8.2 Monitoring and measurement
8.3 Control of nonconforming product
8.4 Analysis of data
8.5 Improvement
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I. Introduction
This document constitutes the highest level of quality documentation in the company. A
supplementary compliance package may be attached to provide supporting detail for a
site or laboratory. The information presented here takes precedence over any supporting
documents.
The company’s Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) document additional details on how
policies are implemented. Locally maintained work instructions provide further detail to
support the SOPs. The scope and revision of each document is held in Lehman Brothers
document control system.
The quality manual defines Lehman Brothers policies regarding:
1. Description of the company
2. Scope and Exclusions, if any
3. Organisational Chart with Responsibilities
4. List of Processes
5. Process Maps
6. Other ISO requirements
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II. Description
II.IHistory
Lehman Brothers was an American company that operated in the investment services
industry. Prior to their declaration of bankruptcy, the firm took part in investment banking,
equity, fixed income sales, research and trading, investment management, private equity
and private banking. Lehman was the fourth largest investment bank in the USA (behind
Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, and Merrill Lynch).
In 1844, Henry Lehman immigrated from Rimpar, Germany, to Montgomery, Alabama
where he established a small shop selling groceries, dry goods, and utensils to the local
cotton farmers. By 1850, his two brothers, Emanuel and Mayer, had joined him in the
business, and they named it Lehman Brothers. After Henry Lehman's death in 1855 at the
age of 33, the two younger brothers headed the firm for the next four decades. A New York
office was opened in 1858, giving the firm a stronger presence in the commodities trading
business as well as a foothold in the financial community. After facing the threat of the ‘civil
war’ in 1870, they engaged themselves into the business of cotton as well as their previous
commodities. The company also helped to establish the Coffee Exchange and the
Petroleum Exchange. While the firm prospered over the following decades as the U.S.
economy grew into an international powerhouse, Lehman had to contend with plenty of
challenges over the years. Lehman survived them all – the railroad bankruptcies of the
1800s, the Great Depression of the 1930s, two world wars, a capital shortage when it was
spun off by American Express in 1994, and the Long Term Capital Management collapse and
Russian debt default of 1998. However, despite its ability to survive past disasters, the
collapse of the U.S. housing market ultimately brought Lehman Brothers to its knees, as its
headlong rush into the subprime mortgage market proved to be a disastrous step.
II.II Bankruptcy
On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy. With $639 billion in
assets and $619 billion in debt, Lehman's bankruptcy filing was the largest in history, as its
assets far surpassed those of previous bankrupt giants such as WorldCom and Enron.
Lehman was the fourth-largest U.S. investment bank at the time of its collapse, with 25,000
employees worldwide. Lehman's demise also made it the largest victim, of the U.S.
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subprime mortgage-induced financial crisis that swept through global financial markets in
2008. Lehman's collapse was a seminal event that greatly intensified the 2008 crisis and
contributed to the erosion of close to $10 trillion in market capitalization from global equity
markets in October 2008, the biggest monthly decline on record at the time.
II.IIIProducts and Services
In 1984, American Express acquired the investment banking and trading firm, Lehman
Brothers Kuhn Loeb, and added it to the Shearson family, creating Shearson
Lehman/American Express.Lehman Brothers Kuhn Loeb, which itself was the merger of
Lehman Brothers and Kuhn Loeb in 1977 was led by Pete Peterson, a former United
States Secretary of Commerce and future founder of the Blackstone Group.
II.III.aBanking Services
The primary operations of banks include:
Keeping money safe while also allowing withdrawals when needed
Issuance of checkbooks so that bills can be paid and other kinds of payments
can be delivered by post
Provide personal loans, commercial loans, and mortgage loans (typically loans
to purchase a home, property or business)
Issuance of credit cards and processing of credit card transactions and billing
Issuance of debit cards for use as a substitute for checks
Facilitation of standing orders and direct debits, so payments for bills can be
made automatically
Provide overdraft agreements for the temporary advancement of the Bank's
own money to meet monthly spending commitments of a customer in their
current account.
Provide internet banking system to facilitate the customers to view and
operate their respective accounts through internet.
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Provide Charge card advances of the Bank's own money for customers wishing
to settle credit advances monthly.
Provide a check guaranteed by the Bank itself and prepaid by the customer,
such as a cashier's check or certified check.
Notary service for financial and other documents
II.III.bOther Types of Bank Services
Private banking- thisbanking services exclusively to high net worth individuals.
Capital market bank - underwrite debt and equity, assist company deals
(advisory services, underwriting and advisory fees), and restructure debt into
structured finance products.
Bank cards - include both credit cards and debit cards.
Credit card machine services and networks
II.III.cForeign Exchange Services
Foreign exchange services are provided by many banks around the world. Foreign exchange
services include:
Currency exchange - clients can purchase and sell foreign currency banknotes.
Foreign Currency Banking - banking transactions are done in foreign currency.
Wire transfer - clients can send funds to international banks abroad.
II.III.dInvestment Services
Asset management
Hedge fund management
Custody services - the safe-keeping and processing of the world's securities
trades and servicing the associated portfolios. Assets under custody in the
world are approximately $1.25 billion.
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1. Scope and Exclusion
1.1 Purpose of Quality Management System
The purpose of this quality system is to assure that all products and services provided will
meet or exceed the requirements specified by our customers, thereby contributing to the
continued growth and prosperity of the company and its stake holders.
A quality management system has two interrelated aspects:
1. The customer’s needs and expectations for the customer, there is a need for confidence
in the ability of the organisation to deliver the desired quality as well as the consistent
maintenance of that quality.
2. The organisation’s needs and interests. For the organisation, there is a business need to
attain and to maintain the desired quality at an optimum cost; the fulfilment of this aspect
is related to the planned and efficient utilization of the technological, human and material
resources available to the organisation.
1.2 Scope & Exclusion
The scope of the quality management system is to demonstrate the capability of Lehman
Brothers Ltd. to provide financial services to personals as well as any company. Following
the ISO 9001: 2008 standards does this, but with an exclusion for section 7.3 Design and
Development.
The policies specified are primarily aimed at achieving customersatisfaction. Confidence in
financial and banking servicesconformance can be attained by adequate demonstration of
ourcapabilities in investment, liquidity of money and faith of our stake holders.
We are justifying an exemption from design because wemanufacture all products based on
customer requirements:
• Design is not required and the services requirements are stated by our
market survey team and customer interaction team.
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1.3 Policy
1. Lehman Brothers Ltd. will establish, document, implement, and maintain a quality
management system and continually improve its effectiveness in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 9001:2008.
2. Lehman Brothers Ltd. will:
2.1 Identify the processes needed for the Quality Management System and
their application throughout the organization;
2.2 Determine the sequence and interaction of these processes;
2.3 Determine criteria and methods needed to ensure that both the operation
and control of these processes are effective;
2.4 Ensure the availability of resources and information necessary to support
the operation and monitoring of these processes;
2.5 Monitor, measure, and analyze these processes, and;
2.6 Implement actions necessary to achieve planned results and continual
improvement of these processes.
3. These processes will be managed by Lehman Brothers Ltd. in accordance with the
requirements of ISO 9001:2008.
4. If Lehman Brothers Ltd. chooses to outsource any process that affects product conformity
with requirements; Lehman Brothers Ltd. will ensure control over these processes. Control
of these processes will be identified within the Quality Management System.
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2. Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For datedreferences, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest
edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
3. Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions are provided to assure a uniform understanding of
selected terms as they are used in these requirements.
Company Lehman Brothers Ltd.
Fund provides financing to small and mid-sized companies.
Supplier Targeted investments are used to finance buyouts,
recapitalizations, strategic acquisitions, and later stage growth.
Assists individuals, corporations and governments in raising
Customer capital by underwriting and/or acting as the client's agent in the
issuance of securities
Product Foreign Exchange, Eommodities, and Equity Securities
Services Investment banking,Sales and trading
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4. Quality management system
Quality is how good a product is and it is synonymous with the high expectations of
customers towards a product or a service (Garvin,1988). Also, quality is the plenitude
of characteristics andattributes of service which satisfy given needs of customers
(ANSI,1978). Moreover, quality is the ability of an enterprise to focus onthe existing
and expected needs of its customers, to improve itslabour culture with the
cooperation and development of its workers, tocreate relations of confidence with
exterior collaborators andcustomers, to self-assess the systems of administration,
tostrengthen learning and innovation and finally, to evaluate theresults of all the
above (EFQM).
4.1 Documentation Structure
Documentation is structured in two levels. The Lehman Brothers Ltd quality of the
documentation is defined as Lehman Brothers Ltd Quality Manual, which provides all
necessary and relevant information relating to Quality Management System,
established and implemented in the organization. The second level of the
documentation provides detailed procedures along with SOPs (Standard
Operating Procedures) and work instructions. The documentation structure is
diagrammatically represented as below:
Lehman Brothers Ltd. Quality
Manual
Standard Operating
Procedure,Work Instructions
and Procedure for
Implementation
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4.2 Control of Documents
All of the QMS documents are controlled according to the Document Control
Procedure (QP-1023-01). This procedure defines the process for:
Approving documents for adequacy prior to issue
Reviewing and updating as necessary and re-approving documents
Ensuring that changes and current revision status of documents are
identified
Ensuring that relevant versions of applicable documents are available at
points of use
Ensuring that documents remain legible and readily identifiable
Ensuring that documents of external origin are identified and their
distribution controlled,
Preventing the unintended use of obsolete documents and to apply
suitable identification to them if they are retained for any purpose
Departmental managers should always be responsible for promoting good document and
record management practices in their area whilst supporting overall compliance to the
document control procedure.
Individuals and their line managers should be responsible for the documents and records
that they create, as well as being responsible for their retention and disposal in line with
legislative requirements and organizational procedures and practices.
If you don’t want to control external documents, you must specifically state this in the
procedure and on the documents themselves, which are ‘For Reference Only’ and are not
updated.
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4.3 Control of Records
Quality records are maintained to provide evidence of conformity to
requirements and of the effective operation of the QMS. The records are
maintained according to the Control of Quality Records Procedure (QP-1024-01).
This procedure requires that quality records remain legible, readily identifiable
and retrievable. The procedure defines the controls needed for identification,
storage, protection, retrieval, retention time and disposition of quality records.
This because records are an important organizational asset; they provide the primary
route for evidence based verification and traceability since they demonstrate
compliance with customer requirements. Records also prove the efficacy of the QMS.
Records are used to prove compliance against requirements
Develop and implement the control of records procedure
Maintain the legibility and accessibility of QMS documents and records
Implementing a document management system could mean keeping certain records
that your organization might not be already keeping. Some of these records may
seem a little confusing until you become more familiar with the quality standard.
Of course, you are free to keep more records than those listed below, if you feel your
organization needs them, but as we always preach; keep your system simple. The
fewer documents and records you keep, the fewer things that will be audited, and
the more time you will have to actually run your business.
Keep in mind that you are free to combine some of these records where it makes
sense, for example, you could combine the corrective and preventive action request
log with a simple checkbox to note which one it is. You could also combine both
corrective and preventive action requests onto one form, again with a simple check
box to designate its purpose.
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5. Management Responsibility
Top management must:
Communicate to the organisation the importance of meeting customer
requirements
Communicate to the organisation the importance of meeting regulatory
requirements
Ensure that quality objectives are created
Ensure that quality measurements are taken and recorded
Ensure that quality measurements are compared against quality objectives
Conduct periodic management reviews
Review the quality system and make changes where necessary
Provide evidence of management reviews
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5.1 Management Commitment
Management Commitment is direct participation by the highest level executives in a
specific and critically important aspect or program of an organization. In quality
management it includes:
1. Setting up and serving on a quality committee
2. Formulating and establishing quality policies and objectives
3. Providing resources and training
4. Overseeing implementation at all levels of the organization
5. Evaluating and revising the policy in light of results achieved.
5.2 Customer Focus
Every organization depends on its customers. Without satisfied customers, the
organization cannot exist. Therefore, this requirement of ISO 9001:2000 is the core of
the quality management system.
There should be some method of establishing how customer requirements are
determined. Methods could include:
1. Carrying out market / customer survey
2. Access to industry reports
3. Identification of niche marketing opportunities
Benefits:
Increased revenue and market share obtained through flexible and fast
responses to market opportunities.
Increased effectiveness in the use of the organization's resources to
enhance customer satisfaction.
Improved customer loyalty leading to repeat business.
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Application:
Researching and understanding customer needs and expectations.
Ensuring that the objectives of the organization are linked to customer
needs and expectations.
Communicating customer needs and expectations throughout the
organization.
Measuring customer satisfaction and acting on the results.
Systematically managing customer relationships.
Ensuring a balanced approach between satisfying customers and other
interested parties
5.3 Quality Policy
5.3.1 Policy Segmentation
1. The relative amounts of Lehman Brothers Ltd.Quality Control Plan will be
determined by Bank liquidity,respective market values, individual security
"risk/return" profiles, and other factors such as theBank's tax position.
2. Quality Policy may only be changed inLehman Brothers Ltd.for permissible
reasons:
a. Less than 3 months to maturity or effective Policy Revise date.
b. Less than 15% of purchase faces reported by customers.
c. Deterioration of issues creditworthiness.
d. Change in the tax laws (not tax rates).
5.3.2Quality Policy Accounting
1. Policiesin the Lehman Brothers Ltd.will be accounted for at amortized cost.
2. Policies in Lehman Brothers Ltd.will be accounted for at fair value with the net
gain/loss (adjustedfor tax) reflected in the Bank's capital.
3. Any changes between policies will be accounted for at fair value.
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5.3.3Implementation Procedures
1. The purchase, sale and/or exchange shall be made by the SeniorInvestment
Officer, as authorized by the Investment Committee according to Quality Policies
that areapproved by the Board of Directors.
2. Orders for the purchase and/or sale of Federal Funds shall be made by the
Senior InvestmentOfficer or his/her staff subject to policy determined by the
Investment Committee
3. Acquisition of large Certificates of Deposit over $100,000 will be coordinated by
the SeniorInvestment Officer and his/her staff with regard to amount, maturity
and rates.
4. All public funds deposits requiring collateral will be coordinated through the
Senior InvestmentOfficer to assure proper rate setting and pledging.
5.3.4Acceptable Lot Sizes
1. U.S. Treasury, Federal Agency, and other taxable issues are to be purchased in
minimums of$100,000
2. Municipal securities are to be purchased in minimums of $100,000 when
possible.
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5.4Planning
5.4.1 The Quality Assurance Plan
1. The QA Plan is a Government document used as a management tool. The
components of a QA Plan are:
• Government staffing requirements.
• Functions of each QA team member.
• Government training requirements.
• Government pre-award activities.
• Definable Features of Work (DFOW) list.
• Government surveillance and testing activities.
2. The QA Plan ensures that all team members are following the same plan and
achieves better coordination of the government’s QA activities.
5.4.2 The Quality Control Plan
The QC Plan must be received, reviewed, and formally accepted by the
Contracting Officer or their representatives before any construction work can
begin.
Resident Management System (RMS) is a Lehman Brothers Ltd. data
management system that provides an easy mechanism for developing a QC
Plan based on contractor input.
5.4.3 Quality Control Plan Components
Table of Contents – A listing of the major sections identified with tabs in the
order of the bulletined items following hereafter.
QC Organization – The QC organization must be identified, including a chart
showing the organizational structure and lines of authority.
Names and Qualifications – The names, qualifications, and classification of
each member of the contractor’s quality control team must be provided.
Duties, Responsibilities and Authorities of QC Personnel – Provide a listing of
assigned quality control activities for performance.
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5.5 Responsibility, Authority & Communication
5.5.1 Responsibility and Authority
An organizational chart has been established to show the interrelation of
personnel in the organization. Job descriptions define the responsibilities and
authorities of each of the positions on the organizational chart. Job descriptions
and the organizational chart are reviewed and approved by executive management for
adequacy.
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Chairman & managing director: He is ultimately responsible for making balanced
judgments, assessing the significance of variations in the processes and making
decisions.
ISO 9001-2008 Management representative: The ISO 9001-2008 management
representative is responsible for ensuring that the requirements of model IS0 9001-
2008 are implemented and maintained. He is also responsible for the controlled internal
distribution of the Quality manual and changes thereto.
Director (operations & service): It is his job to co-ordinate and overlooks all
operations/services undertaken daily in the organisation and to implement the quality
standards assured by the firm according to ISO 9001-2008 regulations.
Director (Human Resources) maintains the records of employee qualifications. He
prepares job descriptions identifying the qualifications required for each position that
affects conformity to product requirements.
Director (Finance) All financial activities of the organisation are overlooked by him. It is
also his job to see whether the organisation has been following ISO 9000 as well as
financial laws imposed by the concerned Govt. while carrying out numerous financial
activities.
General Managers: The general managers are responsible for assuring that Quality
Systems are followed in their area.
5.5.2 Management Representative
A management representative has been appointed by the Chairman as Management
Representative. As management representative, he has the following responsibilities
and authority:
Ensure that processes needed for the quality management system are established and
implemented.
Report to general management on the performance of the quality management system
and note any needed improvements.
Promote awareness of customer requirements throughout the organization.
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5.5.3 List of Processes
Money Transaction
Foreign Currency Exchange
Investment Banking
Capital Marketing
Equity Financing
Real Estate Asset Management
Mutual Funds
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PROCESS NAME
DATE OF ISSUE:
MONEY TRANSACTION
APPROVED BY:
(BANKING PROCESS)
INPUT SPECIFICATION PROCESS OUTPUT
SPECIFICATION SPECIFICATION
1.PURCHASE SPECIFICATION AND IBA REGULATIONS FOR TRANSACTION 1.LOAN SHOULD BE GIVEN BASED ON
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION TO BE ARE TO BE FOLLOWED PERSON'S CURRENT INCOME
FOLLOWED RECORDS AND RETIREMENT PERIOD
2. DEPOSIT ENTRIES SHOULD BE
CHECKED THOROUGHLY 2.RECORDS OF CASH DEPOSIT AND
WITHDRAWAL TO BE ENTERED
INPUTS RECIEVIN PROCESS DEFINITION FINA OUTPUT
G
THE PROCESS ESSENTIALLY L
1. PURCHASE CHECK
COMPRISES OF THE FOLLOWING CHEC
2. PRECIOUS INPUT ITEMS
1. LOAN
STEPS K
METALS LIKE TO BE CHECK- 2. MONEY RECEIPT
1. CASH RECEIPT AND DEPOSIT CHECK TO
GOLD (GOLD ED BY THE (IN FORM OF PASS
2. CASH TRANSACTION IN CASE OF BE MADE
LOAN) FIELD BOOK ENTRY
PURCHASE, LOAN OR MORTGAGE AND
3. DEPOSIT MANAGER OR WRITTEN
3. RECORDS TO BE MAINTAINED PROCESSE
4. MORTGAGE OF DOCUMENTS)
TRANSACTION WHILE TRANSACTION OCCURS S TO BE
3. BANK INTEREST
DEPT. THROUGH AUTH-
DEBIT, ATM OR CREDIT CARDS ENTICATE
4. BANK INTERESTS RATE IS TO BE D BY THE
MAN-
REVISED TIME TO TIME
AGER OF
THE
FINANCE
DEPARTME
NT
DESCRIPTION OF
RESOURCE
PROCESS OWNER DEPUTY MANAGER
FINANCE DEPT.
SUPPLIERS PROCESS OPERATORCLERKS OF FINANCE CUSTOMERS
DEPT.
1.GOVERNMENT LOCAL COMPANY
2.LOCAL AUTHORITIES A PERSON OR A GROUP OF PEOPLE
EFFECTIVENESS
3. A PERSON OR GROUP OF PEOPLE
INDICATOR
THE COUNTING PROCESSES, MACHINES FOR EFFICIENCY
COUNTING CASH ARE TO BE EXAMINED TIMELYINDICATOROF
WORK AND QUALITY
PERIODICALLY AND AS WELL AS THE WORK ARE TO BE CHECKED.
MANUAL WORKING ARE SUBJECTED TO STRONG
VIGILANCE VIGILANCE CAN BE MADE
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DATE OF ISSUE:
APPROVED BY: PROCESS NAME
FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE
INPUT SPECIFICATION PROCESS SPECIFICATION OUTPUT SPECIFICATION
CURRENCY OF ONE COUNTRY. EXCHANGE OF MONEY TO BE MADE CURRENCY OF THE DESIGNATED
BETWEEN TWO CURRENCY SYSTEMS. COUNTRY.
INPUTS RECIEVIG PROCESS DEFINITION FINAL OUTPUT
CHECK THIS PROCESS COMPRISES OF THE CHECK MONEY IN FORM OF
1.TRAVELLERS FOLLOWING EXCHANGED
CHEQUE. 1. AMOUNT 1. RECIPT OF MONEY CHECK CURRENCY.
2. FOREIGN OF MONEY 2. CHECKING OF THE CURRENT PERFORME
CURRENCY CASH TO BE EXCHANGE RATE BETWEEN TWO D BY
3. FOREIGN EXCHANGED CURRENCIES GOVT.
CURRENCY DRAFTS. 2. CURRENT 3. PROCESSING OF THE MONEY. FINANCE
4. CHEQUE DEPOSITES EXCHANGE 4. DELIVERY OF THE MONEY IN THE OFFICIALS.
RATE OF DESIGNATED CURRENCY.
CONVERSION
BETWEEN
TWO
CURRENCIES.
SUPPLIERS DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOMERS
RESOURCE
BOND HOLDERS LIKE CENTRAL BANKS 1. IMPORT/EXPORT DEALERS AND
OR OTHER MONEYTORY AUTHORITIES BUSSINESSMAN
OF A COUNTRY. 1. FOREIGN EXCHANGE RESERVES 2. PEOPLE IN GENERAL WHO MAKES
2. MAN POWER AT DIFFERENT LEVELS IN
FREQUENT OVERSEAS TRIP.
3. FOREIGN NATIONALS WHO NEED
THE FORM OF BANK EMPLOYEES
TO MAKE OFFSHORE MONEY
PROCESS OWNER LEHMAN BROTHERS TRANSFER.
PROCESS OPERATOR
EFFICIENCY INDICATOR
EFFECTIVENESS 1. HOW FAST THE PROCESS IS BEING
EXECUTED.
INDICATOR 2. HOW SMOOTHLY THE MONEY
1. NETWORK OF THAT PARTICULER BANK.
2. SERVICE COST BEING CHARGED BY THE EXCHANGE TAKES PLACE WITHOUT ANY
BANK. COMPLICATIONS
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DATE OF ISSUE:
APPROVED BY:
PROCESS NAME
INVESTMENT BANKING
INPUTSPECIFICATION PROCESSSPECIFICATION OUTPUT
PROVIDING ASSISTANCE TO THE SPECIFICATION
MAXIMIZED RETURN OF
ENTITIES WHICH CAN BE CONSIDERED INVESTING PARTY IN RAISING CAPITAL INVESTMENT.
ASSETS LIKE PENSION FUNDS, HEDGE BY UNDERWRITING OR BY ACTING AS
FUNDS, MUTUAL FUNDS. CLIENTS AGENT.
INPUTS RECIEVIN PROCESS DEFINITION FINALC OUTPUT
G CHECK
HECK
ASSETS OR THE PROCESS IS ACCOMPLISHED BY ENTITIES RETURN OF
SECUIRITY. WHICH CAN BE INVESTMENT IN
CHECKING THE CONSIDERED TERMS OF
SUSTAINABILIT ASSETS LIKE MONEY WITH
Y PENSION INTEREST
ISSUES FUNDS, HEDGE OR BONDS.
BY RESEARCH FUNDS,
AND MUTUAL
ADVISORY FUNDS.
AGENCIES. REGULARITY
AUTHORITY IN
U.S
SUPPLIERS CUSTOMERS
DESCRIPTION OF
BROKERS RESOURCE INDIVIDUALS, CORPORATIONS
INVESTIGATION AGENCIES OR GOVERNMENTS.
PROCESS OWNER LEHMAN BROTHERS
PROCESS OPERATOR
EFFECTIVENESS EFFICIENCY
INDICATOR
WHETHER THE CLIENT IS GETTING INDICATOR
MINIMIZATION OF RISK IN
MAXIMUM RETURN OF HIS INVESTMENT. INVESTMENT.
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DATE OF ISSUE:
APPROVED BY: PROCESS NAME
CAPITAL MARKETING
PROCESS
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
SPECIFICATION
1.EFFECTIVE VALUATION OF ASSETS SPECIFICATION
IBA REGULATIONS FOR SPECIFICATION
1. LONG TERM INVESTMENT SHOULD
ARE TO BE MADE TRANSACTION ARE TO BE BE WELL RECORDED AND FLEXIBILITY
2.COMPLIANCES WITH RULES AND FOLLOWED OF DEPOSIT AND WITHDRAWAL
REGULATIONS SHOULD BE THERE
2. STRATEGIC HELPS TO BE GIVEN IN
CRITICAL TIME
INPUTS RECIEVIN PROCESSDEFINITI FINALC OUTPUT
1.LONG TERM G THE PROCESSON
ESSENTIALLY HECK 1.ISSUANCE
INVESTMENT COMPRISES OF THE STRATEGY AND
2.SALE OF
CHECK FOLLOWING STEPS DIVERSE PRODUCT
CHECK TO BE
SHARES MIX
MADE AND
3.CAPITAL BY INPUT ITEMS TO 2.FINANCIAL
PROCESSES
ISSUING OF BE CHECK- 1.PROCESS ARCHITECTURE STRENGTH
TO BE AUTH-
BONDS ED BY THE FIELD AND OPERATION 3.TRACK RECORD IN
ENTICATED BY
MANAGER 2.COST CUTTING AND COST INNOVATION
THE MAN-
OF TRANSACTION OPTIMIZATION 4.INTEGRATED AND
AGER OF THE
DEPT. 3.EMPLOYEE BENEFITS AND PRACTICAL
FINANCE
COMPENSATION PROGRAMME SOLUTION
DEPARTMENT
4.DOWNSIZING AND CURVE-
OUT
SUPPLIERS DESCRIPTION OF CUSTOMERS
RESOURCE
1.GOVERNMENT STOCK EXCHANGE
2.LOCAL AUTHORITIES PROCESS OWNER DEPUTY MANAGER FINANCE DEPT. GOVERNMENT
3,A PERSON OR GROUP OF PEOPLE BIG COMPANIES
PROCESS OPERATOR CLERKS OF FINANCE
DEPT.
EFFECTIVENESS
INDICATOR
THE COUNTING PROCESSES, MACHINES FOR
COUNTING CASH ARE TO BE EXAMINED EFFICIENCY
PERIODICALLY AND AS WELL AS THE INDICATOR
TIMELY WORK AND QUALITY OF
MANUAL WORKING ARE SUBJECTED TO WORK ARE TO BE CHECKED.
VIGILANCE STRONG
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5.6 Management Review
5.6.1 General
Board of Directors reviews the QMS annually at management review meetings. This
review assesses the continuing QMS suitability, adequacy and effectiveness, identifying
opportunities for improvement and needed changes. Records are maintained for each
management review meeting.
5.6.2 Review Input
Assessment of the QMS is based on a review of information inputs to management
review. These inputs include the following:
Results of audits
Customer feedback
Process performance and product conformity
Status of corrective and preventive actions
Follow-up actions from previous management reviews
Planned changes that could affect the QMS and
Recommendations for improvement
5.6.3 Review Output
During these review meetings, management will identify appropriate actions to be
taken regarding the following issues:
Improvement of the QMS and its processes.
Improvement of product related to customer requirements, and
Resource needs
Responsibilities for required actions are assigned to members of the management
review group. Any decisions made during the meeting, assigned actions and their due
dates are recorded in the minutes of management review.
The records of these annual reviews are to be preserved, controlled and circulated
throughout the organisation according to the Document Control Procedure.
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6. Resource Management
6.1 Provision of Resources
Executive Management ensures that resources essential to the implementation;
maintenance and improvement of the quality management system are identified and
made available.
6.2 Human Resources
6.2.1 General
To ensure the competence of personnel, job descriptions have been prepared
identifying the qualifications required for each position that affects conformity to
product requirements. Qualifications include requirements for education, skills and
experience. Appropriate qualifications, along with required training, provide the
competencies required for each position.
6.2.2 Competence, Training and Awareness
Qualifications are reviewed upon hire, when an employee changes positions or the
requirements for a position change. Human Resources maintain records of employee
qualifications. If any differences between the employee’s qualification and the
requirements for the job are found, training or other action is taken to provide the
employee with the necessary competence for the job. The results are then evaluated to
determine if they were effective.
All employees are trained on the relevance and importance of their activities and how
they contribute to the achievement of the quality objectives.
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6.3 Infrastructure
Lehman Brothers Ltd Executive Management is committed to providing and maintaining
suitable facilities that are necessary to implement the Quality Management System that
will achieve conformity of product. The required infrastructure and resources are
identified, as applicable this includes: building facilities, necessary work space,
associated facilities, process equipment, information systems, communication media
and transportation. An electronic maintenance program specifies the type and the
frequency of needed maintenance, the methods for maintenance and the verification of
its completion. Executive Management ensures the timely availability of identified and
approved resources.
6.4 Work Environment
Executive Management ensures that the appropriate human and physical factors of the
work environment are considered and provided, including such factors as noise,
temperature, lighting and etc. Lehman Brothers Ltd is committed to maintain its
facilities in a safe and healthy manner establish and provide an infrastructure that is
needed to comply with product requirements.
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7. Product realization
7.1Planning of product realization
Lehman Brothers Ltd. Identifies and plans the processes, account monitoring,
investments and servicing processes which directly affect quality. Each step of the
production process follows a predetermined plan. It expects that the process, no matter
how many steps are involved, has carefully planned and documented procedures and
that adequate check points have been designated throughout the process so as to verify
that the end product will be of satisfactory quality. The quality planning may take place
as a design project, or according to the
Quality planning procedure. The output of quality planning includes documented
quality plans, processes, procedures and design outputs.
Process control model
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7.2Customer-related processes
7.2.1 Determination of requirements related to the product
Lehman Brothers Ltd has documented the procedures for the determination of
Requirements which are stated by the customer
Requirements which are not stated by the customer like the timely completion
and efficient workings
Statutory and regulatory requirements
Other requirements
Reviews of customer specifications are performed when received and any
requirements documented for implementation as applicable. These may take the form
of quality assurance instructions, standard comments for specific customer orders,
instructions for design implementation or the use of industry standards for design,
product fabrication, validation and/or verification processes.
7.2.2 Review of requirements related to the product
Lehman Brothers Ltd has created a formal system ensure that each commitment to
supply a product is formally reviewed and controlled. The review is conducted prior to
the commitment to supply a product and ensures that:
The requirements are adequately defined and documented.
Where the customer provides no written statement of requirements, the order
requirements are confirmed verbally before acceptance;
That Lehman Brothers Ltd has the resources to meet the defined requirements,
and that;
Any differences between the contract and the tendered quotation are resolved to
the mutualsatisfaction of the involved parties before formal acceptance of the
contract.
In the event of product/contract requirement amendments, appropriate
notification is given toaffected departments within LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD and
that relevant documentation is revised.Record requirements from these reviews
are shown on the quote, e-mails, and/or the order acknowledgement.
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7.2.3 Customer communication
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD recognizes the necessity for customer communication and
feedback as a major contributing element of customer satisfaction and has
implemented an effective process for communicating with customers.
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD produces hard copy product and services catalogues and
catalogues on CD’s for each of its three divisions
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD maintains a comprehensive website
Customers can contact LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD via phone, e-mail, fax and mail
Customer complaints are handled through the Sales Department
Customer Satisfaction Surveys are used to monitor customer satisfaction
7.3Design and development
7.3.1 Design and development planning
The company reviews and evaluates design requirements to ensure that the products
it designs and/or develops meet or exceed customer specifications. In the course of
addressing technical, logistical and financial concerns that impact the design process
activities, LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD consistently exercises its organizational interfaces.
Planning is maintained to its most current status, as appropriate, as design activities
progress.
7.3.2 Design and development inputs
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD identifies design and development inputs and any applicable
statutory or regulatory requirements during contract review and/or customer
meetings. Ambiguous, conflicting, changing and unclear/incomplete requirements are
clarified by reviews of the design at various stages of the designing process. Design
requirements are amended to accurately capture all pertinent design input
information. Design and development inputs, where applicable, are derived from
previous similar designs and other requirements essential for design and development.
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7.3.3 Design and development outputs
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD captures design and development outputs in design review
minutes and customer reviews as needed. The reviews are performed specifically to
verify that design output meets or exceeds design input requirements, contains or
references acceptance criteria, and identifies characteristics of the design crucial to the
safe and proper functioning of the product. It also assures design output is reviewed
and approved prior to release. Design and development outputs provide appropriate
information for purchasing, production and for service provision. The design control
procedure assures that all pertinent data required for the product to be identified,
manufactured, inspected, used and maintained is defined.
7.3.4 Design and development review
The design control procedure assures that the appropriate stages of design, formal or
rotating documented design reviews are planned and conducted in accordance with
planned arrangements and include representatives of all functions concerned with the
design stage being reviewed, as well as other specialist personnel as required. Records
of such reviews and any necessary actions are maintained. The design control
procedure assures that consideration to the validity of design in relation to the
objectives of the design stage, actions to be taken in the event of any identified
deviation and decisions necessary for progression to the next phase.
7.3.5 Design and development verification
The design control procedure assures that at appropriate stages of design, design
verification is conducted in accordance with planned arrangements to assure the
design stage output meets the design stage input requirements. Records of design
verification and any necessary actions are maintained.
7.3.6 Design and development validation
The design control procedure assures that design validation is performed in
accordance with planned arrangements to ensure that the resulting product is capable
of meeting the requirements for the specified application or intended use, where
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known. Wherever practicable, validation is completed prior to the delivery of
implementation of the product. Records of the results of validation and any necessary
actions are maintained.
7.3.7 Control of design and development changes
The design control procedure assures that design validation is performed in
accordance with planned arrangements to ensure that the resulting product is capable
of meeting the requirements for the specified application or intended use, where
known. Wherever practicable, validation is completed prior to the delivery of
implementation of the product. Records of the results of validation and any necessary
actions are maintained applicable verification and/or validation performed.
7.4Purchasing
7.4.1 Purchasing process
Lehman Brothers Ltd shall ensure that purchased product conforms to specified
purchase requirements. Lehman Brothers Ltd shall evaluate and select suppliers based
on their ability to supply products in accordance with Lehman Brothers Ltd’s
requirements. Records shall be maintained about the clients, investors or borrowers
regarding
- Evaluation and selection
- control of accounts
- selecting the degree of control
7.4.2 Purchasing information
Purchasing information describes the product or the service to be purchased, including
where appropriate:
Requirements for approval of product, processes, procedures, services and
equipment
Requirements for qualification of personnel
Quality management system requirements
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The purchasing documents are reviewed to ensure the adequacy of requirements
before orders are placed with the supplier.
7.4.3 Verification of purchased product
The Purchasing procedure describes the process used to verify that
purchased product meets specified purchase requirements. If Lehman
Brothers Ltd. or the customer will perform verification at the supplier’s
premises; the verification arrangements and method of product release are
documented in the purchasing information.
7.5Production and service provision
7.5.1 Control of production and service provision
Lehman Brothers Ltd shall plan and carry out production and service provision under
controlled conditions. Controlled conditions shall include, as applicable:
• The availability of information that describes the characteristics of the product
• The availability of work instructions, as necessary
• The availability and use of monitoring and measuring devices
• The implementation of monitoring and measurement
• The implementation of release, delivery and post-delivery activities.
Controlled conditions include too:
- Documented procedures which should define:
∗The qualifications required for the person carrying out the procedure, if any
special qualifications are required
∗The preparatory steps to be taken to prepare the product for processing
∗The preparatory steps to be taken to set up any equipment
∗The steps to be taken to process the product
∗The precautions to observe
∗The settings to record.
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- Suitable production, installation, and servicing equipment, and a suitable
working environment.
∗ Documentation from the standards that are to be maintained
∗ providing training for staff
∗ providing procedures for maintaining the equipment to these standards
∗maintenance of records of the conditions as a means of demonstrating that the
standards are being achieved.
- Compliance with reference standards/codes, quality plans and/or documented
procedures
- Monitoring and control of process parameters and product characteristics
- Approval of processes and equipment
- Workmanship criteria, can comprise:
∗a list of the equipment upon which process capability depends
∗ defined maintenance requirements specifying maintenance tasks
and their frequency
7.5.2 Validation of processes for production and service provision
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD validates any processes for production and service provision
where the resulting output cannot be verified by subsequent monitoring or
measurement. This includes any processes where deficiencies become apparent only
after the product is in use or the service has been delivered.
Validation demonstrates the ability of these processes to achieve planned results.
7.5.3 Identification and Traceability
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD identifies the product throughout the product realization,
identifying the product status with respect to monitoring and measurement
requirements. LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD controls and records the unique identification
of the product where ever traceability is a specified requirement.
7.5.4 Customer Property
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD exercises care with customer property while it is under the
company’s control or being used. The work instruction, outlines the identification,
verification, protection and safeguarding of customer property provided for use. If any
customer property is lost, damaged or otherwise found to be unsuitable for use, this is
reported to the customer and records are maintained
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7.6 Control of Monitoring and Measuring Equipment
The monitoring and measurement to be undertaken is identified and the
monitoring and measuring equipment needed to provide evidence of conformity of
product to specified requirements is determined. Measuring and monitoring
equipment is used and controlled to ensure that measurement capability is consistent
with monitoring and measurement requirements.
In addition, Quality Control reviews and records the validity of the previous
measuring results when the equipment is found not to conform to requirements.
LEHMAN BROTHERS LTD takes appropriate action on the equipment and any product
affected. Records of the results of calibration and verification are maintained. The
capability of computer software to satisfy the intended application is established prior
to initial use and reconfirmed as necessary, when used in the monitoring and
measurement of specified requirements.
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8.MEASUREMENT, ANALYSIS AND IMPROVEMENT
8.1 GENERAL
Lehman Brothers Ltd has plan and implemented the monitoring, measurement,
analysis and improvement processes needed. This includes determination of
applicable methods, including statistical techniques, and the extent of their use.
Deviations become promptly detected by planned monitoring, measurement,
analysis and improvement before, while and after the service contribution or the
product creation and if necessary corrective actions are taken. The executed
checks should be adapted at the sequence in the work areas; the later the check
the more costly the rework. But type and scope of activities of the checks must be
economically justifiable. The application of statistical methods is possible only in
very limited measure for a ship model basin because performance essentially
consists of scientific-technical performances and products in one-off production.
8.2 MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT
8.2.1 Customer Satisfaction
Lehman Brothers Ltd monitors information relating to customer perception as to
whether the organization has met customer requirements. The measurement and
monitoring of the customer satisfaction are based on the evaluation of customer’s
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information, which can be collected actively or passively. The methods for
obtaining and using this information shall be determined.
8.2.2 Internal Audit
Lehman Brothers Ltd conducts internal audits at planned intervals to determine
whether the quality management system:
Conforms to the planned arrangements (see 7.1), to the requirements of this
International Standard and to the quality management system requirements
established by the organization
Is effectively implemented and maintained.
An audit program has been designed and implemented and identifies an audit
schedule based on the importance of the areas to be audited, as well as the
results of previous audits. The scope of each activity audit (per the audit
schedule) is to verify compliance of that activity to the ISO 9001: 2000
elements shown on the activity matrix. The audit criteria, frequency, methods,
responsibilities and requirements for planning and conducting audits, and for
reporting and maintaining results, are defined and documented in the Internal
Audit procedure
8.2.3 Monitoring and measurement of processes
Lehman Brothers Ltd applies suitable methods for monitoring and measurement of
the quality management processes.
For the evaluation of the effectiveness of the quality management processes may
be executed on the internal audit a self-assessment for selected areas of the
organization by top management following the standard DIN EN ISO 9004
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Appendix A. The evaluation of the requirements and expectations of the
interested parties are to be the center of attention like
- Abilities of the organization
- Response time to inquiries
- Use of technologies
- Input-output ratio.
8.2.4 Monitoring and Measurement of Product
Lehman Brothers Ltd monitors and measures the characteristics of the product to
verify that product requirements have been met. In agreement with the planned
regulations in the quality management manual chapter 7.1 "Planning of Product
Realization" in suitable phases of the product realization or service provision
checks are executed. Recordings of these checks are created in accordance with
quality management manual chapter 4.2.4 "Control of records".
The product monitoring and measurement plans should:
Identify the product to be inspected and tested
Define the specification and acceptance criteria to be used and the issue status
which applies
Define the inspection aids and test equipment to be used; standard measuring
equipment would not need to be specified as your inspectors and testers should
be trained to select the right tools for the job; any special equipment should be
identified
Define the environment for the measurements to be made if critical to
measurement accuracy
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Identify the organization which is to per-form the inspections and tests
Make provision for the results of the inspections and test to be recorded.
8.3 CONTROL OF NONCONFORMING PRODUCT
A nonconforming product is one that does not conform to the specified
requirements. Specified requirements are either requirements prescribed by the
customer and agreed by the organization in a contract for products or ser-vices, or
are requirements prescribed by the organization which are perceived as satisfying
a market need.
Lehmann Brothers Ltd ensures their services which do not conform to customer
requirements are identified and controlled to prevent their unintended use. The
top management should empower people in the organization with the authority
and responsibility to report nonconformities at any stage of a process in order to
ensure timely detection and remedies for nonconformities. Authority for response
to nonconformities should be defined to maintain achievement of process and
customer requirements..
8.4 ANALYSIS OF DATA
Lehman Brothers Ltd determines, collects and analyses appropriate data to
demonstrate the suitability and effectiveness of the quality management system
and to evaluate. The basic data that are usually collected are increase in number of
accounts opened, increase in investment etc.
Thus this data gives the organization an idea about the
Customer satisfaction (8.2.1)
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Conformity to service requirements (8.2.4)
Characteristics and trends of processes and products, including opportunities for
preventive action (8.2.3 and 8.2.4)
Market analysis
8.5 IMPROVEMENT
8.5.1 Continual Improvement
Identification of continual improvement needs are determined by analyzing
customer satisfaction information, product and process conformance data,
supplier performance data, internal audit results and other data and information
relevant to quality performance.
Management review considers all relevant information and defines priorities for
improving the quality system. The corrective action and/or auditing processes are
used to formally identify, respond to, verify acceptability of actions and track the
corrective action request or internal audit findings.
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8.5.2 Corrective Action
Lehman Brothers Ltd shall take action to eliminate the cause of nonconformities in
order to prevent recurrence.
The defined corrective actions are focused on eliminating causes of
nonconformities in order to avoid recurrence. Examples of sources of information
for corrective action consideration include:
- Customer complaints
- Nonconformity reports
- Internal audit reports
- Outputs from management review
- Outputs from data analysis
- Outputs from satisfaction measurements.
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- Relevant quality management system records
- The organization’s people
- Process measurements
- Results of self-assessment.
8.5.3 Preventive Action
Lehmann Brothers Ltd shall determine actions to eliminate the causes of potential
nonconformities in order to prevent their occurrence. Results of the evaluation of
the effectiveness and efficiency of the preventive action should be an output from
management review, and should be used as an input for the modification of plans
and as an input to the improvement processes.