This document discusses the structure and powers of the three branches of government in the Philippines: 1) The legislative department consists of the Senate and House of Representatives, who together hold the power to make and pass laws. It discusses both the advantages and disadvantages of this bicameral system. 2) The executive department, headed by the President, has the power to administer and enforce laws passed by Congress. 3) The judicial department has the power to interpret laws and settle legal disputes, including determining if other branches have abused their authority.

1. 1. WHAT KIND OF STURCTURE USED ( HORIZONTAL / VERTICAL/ HYBRID / FLAT)
2. ADAVANTAGES AND DISADVATAGES OF STRUCTURE. THE DESIGN OF YOUR
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ARE BASED ON 4E’s (ECONOMICAL/ EFFICIENCY/
EFFECTIVENESS/ETHICAL)
ARTICLE VI : LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT
Section 1 “ The legislative power shall be vested in the Congress of the Philippines which shall
consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives, except to the extent reserved to the people
by the provision on initiative and referendum” .
The legislative department has two chambers or also called as bicameral the upper house or
the senate composed of 24 senators who shall be elected at large by the qualified voters of the
Philippines, and the lower house for a total of not more than 250 members in legislative
district. They have the authority to legislative power to make, alter or repeal laws.
With these powers are they really maximized and created a law that benefited to the society of
the Philippines? In my opinion, In terms of effectiveness, yes, these are usually focus on the
immediate concern of the society given from the different perspective of both chambers and It
also addresses development issues of the society with hopefully long-term effects. but if the
bill being proposed are somewhat complicated, there will be also a lot of components chances
are, there would be also a lot of opponents. And these complications would require intensive

2. staff work to passed through in the bills. With these situation we can already foresee that
there’s a long way for a bill to be passed as a law and somewhat there’s inefficiency for the
mutual goal of both upper and lower chambers- duplication of efforts which delays the
legislation process. In recent situation, our president Rodrigo Duterte, who enjoys support in
both houses and congress, signed only 4 bill into law before the first regular session.
Economically, legislative department is expensive consist of almost 274 members that can have
a gross monthly salaryup to 97,000 for senators and member of the house of representative
(figures taken from the highest step (step 8) in each salary grade. The salary matrix used is
from Joint Resolution No. 4, and the salary grade assignments from Republic Act No. 6758 and
the Department of Budget and Management.). Are they really worth the salary from our
monthly taxes dues? No, some of the member of both upper and lower chamber is doing
efficiently their job, they are the passive members of legislative department, means they not
even contribute filed a bill or to dig information in what really the situations happening in the
Philippines. Ethically, from the past issues occur some of the members abused the power of
their positions or the availment of some immunity like parliamentary immunity or the immunity
from being questioned and be held liable to what they say.
ARTICLE VII : EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT
ARTICLE VIII : JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT

3. ARTICLE IX: ICC
ARTICLE X : LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Legislative power is essentially the authority under the Constitution to make written
enactments governing the relations of people among themselves or between them and the
government and its agencies (Government of the Phil. vs. Springer, 50 Phil. 259). The legislative
function is primarily the determination of a policy and its promulgation as a defined and binding
rule of conduct (Occena vs. Comelec 95 SCRA 755).
Executive power on the other hand is the power to administer the laws or to carry them into
practical operation and to enforce their due observance (Black, Constitutional Law 8th ed. P
183. Laws here include the Constitution, the statutes enacted by Congress, the PDs issued
under the 1973 Constitution not expressly repealed, Executive Orders and Decisions of Courts
(De Leon, The New Philippine Constitution, p. 280).
Judicial power is the power to interpret and apply the laws to contests or disputes concerning
legally recognized rights or duties between the State and private persons, or between individual
litigants in cases properly brought before the judicial tribunals (Black Const. Law 2nd ed. P. 82).
As provided by Section 1 par. 2 of the 1987 Constitution, this power includes (1) the settlement
of actual controversies involving rights legally demandable and enforceable; (2) the
determination whether there has been grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on the part of any branch or instrumentality of the government.