The document discusses operators in C++, including arithmetic, relational, logical, and bitwise operators. It explains how operators work on operands to produce outputs, includes examples of their use, and outlines type conversions and operator precedence. The content is based on the fourth edition of 'C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design' by Dr. Karam Hatim from the University of Mosul.

1. Operators in C++
Dr. karam Hatim
University of Mosul

2. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 2
Introduction
• Operator represents an action.
• For example + is an operator
that represents addition.
• An operator works on two or more operands
and produce an output.
• For example 3+4+5 here + operator works on three
operands and produce 12 as output.

3. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 3
Operators Types
• Arithmetic operator
• Relational and logical operator
• Bitwise operator

4. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 4
Arithmetic operators
+ - *
/ %

5. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 5
Examples about /
8 / 2 =
24 / 4 =
5 / 2 =
5.0 / 2 =
5/ 2.0 =
int / int = int
Double / int = double
Int / double =double
4
6
2
2.5
2.5

6. Examples about %
5 % 2 =
8 % 5=
14 % 10=
7 % 5 =
5 % 7=
5.0 % 2=
5 % 2.0 =
int % int
int % double
double % int
1
3
4
2
0

7. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 7
Mixed operation

8. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 8
Complete example

9. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 9
Increment ++/ Decrement --
X=10;
• y=x++;
• y=++x;
X=10;
• y=x--;
• y=--x;
What is the difference??
y=10 x=11
y=11 x=11
y=10 x=9
y=9 x=9

10. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 10
Expressions
• If all operands are same type
• Example: 2 + 3 * 5
12.8 * 17.5 - 34.50
• Mixed expression:
− Has operands of different data types
2 + 3.5
6 / 4 + 3.9
5.4 * 2 – 13.6 + 18 / 2

11. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 11
Mixed Expressions
• Evaluation rules:
− If operator has same types of operands
• Evaluated according to the type of the
operands
− If operator has both types of operands
• Integer is changed to floating-point
• Operator is evaluated
• Result is floating-point

12. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 12
Type Conversion (Casting)
• Implicit type coercion:
when value of one type is automatically
changed to another type.
• Cast operator:
provides explicit type conversion
static_cast<dataTypeName>(expression)

13. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 13
Example: Type Conversion

14. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 14
Relational and Logical Operators

15. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 15
Logical operator

16. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 16
Bitwise Operators
• There are six bitwise Operators:
• & and
• | or
• ^ xor
• ~ not
• << shift left
• >> shift right

17. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 17
Example of Bitwise Operators

18. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 18
Operator Precedence in C++
• This determines which operator
needs to be evaluated first if an
expression has more than one
operator.
• Operator with higher precedence at
the top and lower precedence at the
bottom.

19. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 19
Unary Operators ++ – – ! ~
Multiplicative * / %
Additive + –
Shift << >> >>>
Relational > >= < <=
Equality == !=
Bitwise AND &
Bitwise XOR ^
Bitwise OR |
Logical AND &&
Logical OR ||
Assignment = += -= *= /= %= > >= < <= &= ^= |=

20. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Fourth Edition 20
Thanks