20. A fire will double every 30 Seconds under normal conditions.
In as little as 3 minutes, a small fire can erupt into a “FLASH
OVER”.
FAST
21. A small fire can produce enough smoke to fill a building
in minutes.
Smoke results in:
Teary eyes
Choking sensation
Impaired judgment due to Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Loss of spatial recognition
Sedation effect - Respiratory failure
DARK
22. Within minutes, air temperature in a burning room can
reach 300 degrees Celsius. This temperature is hot enough
to melt clothes, skin and scorch your lungs in one breath.
Temperatures can climb to between 650-760 degrees
Celsius.
23. Most people who die in fires, die from breathing smoke
and toxic gases.
Carbon Oxide, Hydrogen Cyanide, Ammonia and
hundreds of other irritants attack your eyes, nose, throat
and lungs.
They numb your senses and leave you dazed.
DEA
DLY
24. Makes you disorientated and stops you from
thinking and breathing.
Mixes with moisture in the eyes, nose and
throat, which causes coughing and hacking.
Then turns into nitric acid, which starts to burn
the tissue.
Makes you breathe faster, which puts to rest the
option of holding your breath.
Toxic Gases
41. Liquid Expansion
Because of liquid expansion, we never fill the
tank to its maximum capacity. Filling is done
only up to 85% capacity.
The 15% “free space” is called ULLAGE.
Overfilling the tank may result to dangerous
hydraulic pressures which may cause the
discharge of liquid out of the pressure relief
valve, or may even rupture the tank.
ULLAGE
15%
Free space
42.
43.
44.
45. FIRE MARSHAL
DEPUTY FIRE MARSHAL
First Aid Man/ Nurse FIRE CAPTAIN Chief Security Officer
ASSISTANT
FIRE CAPTAIN
FIRE FIGHTING
GROUP LEADER
EVACUATION
GROUPLEADER
Communication
Team
Fire Extinguisher
Handler
Fire Hose
Handler
Evacuation
Guide
Fire Exit
Guard
Searcher
Rescuer
53. FIRE EXTINGUISHER ANATOMY
DISCHARGE HOSE
DISCHARGE NOZZLE
BODY/
CYLINDER TANK
DATA PLATE
CARRYING
HANDLE
PRESSURE GAUGE
(not found on CO2
extinguishers)
DISCHARGE LEVER
SAFETY PIN
54.
55. It’s easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher
if you remember the acronym PASS:
Pull
Aim
Squeeze
Sweep
56. Pull the pin out…
This will allow
you to
discharge the
extinguisher
57. Aim the nozzle at the base
of the fire…
Hit the fuel.
If you aim at
the flames...
… the extinguishing agent will fly right
through and do no good.
58. SQUEEZE THE LEVER…
This depresses a
button that
releases the
pressurized
extinguishing
agent.
59. Sweep from side to
side…
.. until the fire is
completely out.
Start using the extinguisher
from a safe distance away,
then slowly move forward.
Once the fire is out, keep an eye on
the area in case it re-ignites.
60. NEVER fight a fire if...
•You don't know what is burning
•The fire is spreading rapidly.
•You don't have adequate or
appropriate equipment.
•You might inhale toxic smoke.
•Your instincts tell you not to.
61. The final rule is to always position yourself
with an exit or means of escape at your
back before you attempt to use an
extinguisher to put out a fire.
In case the extinguisher malfunctions, or
something unexpected happens, you need to be
able to get out quickly. You don’t want to
become trapped.
62. Remember……….
The average hand portable
extinguisher will only operate for 15
to 30 seconds ----- There is NO TIME to
learn during an actual emergency.
68. What to do BEFORE an earthquake
The key to effective disaster prevention is
planning.
+Determine if residence or
any site is along an active
fault and/or prone to
liquefaction or landslide.
+If you need help, consult
PHIVOLCS.
69. +Evaluate structural soundness of buildings and
important infrastructures; strengthen or retrofit if
found necessary.
+Use proper structural design and engineering
practice when constructing a house or building.
70. Familiarize yourself with
your place of work and
residence
+Identify relatively strong parts of the building
where you can take refuge during an
earthquake:
+Learn to use fire extinguishers, first aid kits,
alarms and emergency exits. These should be
accessible, handy, properly marked.
door jambs
elevator shafts
sturdy tables
71. Safe Zones Danger Zones
• under sturdy tables
•inside corner of
rooms; columns/beams
•load-bearing doorway
• outside elevator
shafts
• open/clear area
• windows and glass
• book shelves
• cabinets and furniture
that may topple or slide
• hanging objects
• elevators
• power lines; poles; trees;
narrow alleys between tall
buildings
• bridges and flyovers
Identify Safe and dangerous areas!
72. Prepare your place of work, residence
for the event
+Strap or bolt heavy furniture, cabinets to walls to prevent sliding
or toppling.
+Store breakable items, harmful chemicals,
flammable materials in lowermost secured
shelves..
+Turn off gas tanks when not in use.
+Keep heavy materials in lower shelves.
+Check stability of hanging objects like ceiling fans and
chandeliers.
+Maintain an earthquake survival kit.
73. SURVIVAL KIT SHOULD INCLUDE:
First Aid Kit
Flashlight with spare batteries
Portable radio
Bottled water
Non- Perishable Food
Clothes
Zip lock bags
Rope
Small tool kit
Coins for the telephone
Fully charge cell phone
Candles and matches
Shoes- flat, preferably hard soled
Pants- study material
Laminated emergency directory
Head cover hard hats, hoods on jacket, hats
Gloves sturdy, preferably leather
Jacket should provide protection from wind and weather
Tactical light stick
Emergency blanket size 210cmx130cm
whistle
74. HOME AND OFFICE FIRST AID KITS
First aid kits are vital following any emergency. To be useful, a
first aid kit must be accessible and ready. Store the kit in a location that
will be accessible following the turmoil of an earthquake.
MEDICATIONS
Antibiotic Ointment
Medications For All
Family Members
Aspirin and/or Pain
Relief Medication
Diarrhea Medication
Eye Drops
Cold/Cough Medicine
Benadryl
Insect Spray
Ear and Nose Drops
Hydrogen Peroxide
Skin Disinfectant Spray
Extra Prescription
Medication
Old Pair Of Prescription
Eyeglasses For Spare
MEDICAL MATERIALS
Band-aids
Medical Latex Gloves
Surgical Mask
Instant Cold Packs
Instant Hot Packs
Ace Bandages
Butterfly Bandages
Gauze Pads
Cotton Swabs
Adhesive Tape
2" & 4" Wide Sterile Bandage Rolls
Triangular Bandage For Sling, Etc.
(37" x 37" x 52")
Tongue Depressors (Pop-sickle
Sticks)
Splint Material
Spray Bottle With 10% Bleach
Solution For Disinfecting Objects.
75. What to do DURING an earthquake
If you are inside a structurally sound
building or home…stay there!
+Do the “DUCK, COVER and HOLD”. Protect your body from falling debris by
bracing yourself in a doorway or by getting under a sturdy desk or table.
Stay away from glass windows,
shelves, cabinets and other heavy
objects.
Beware of falling objects. Be alert and
keep your eyes open.
76. If you are outside, move to an
open area.
+Get away from trees, power lines,
posts, walls, other structures that may
fall or collapse.
+Stay away from buildings with glass
panes.
77. When driving a vehicle, pull to the side of
the road and stop and get out.
+Do not attempt to cross bridges or overpasses
which may have been damaged.
78. If along the shore and you feel an earthquake
strong enough to make standing difficult, it is
always safest to assume that a tsunami has
been triggered.
+Run away from
the shore toward
higher ground
79. If on a mountain, or near a steep hillslope,
move away from steep escarpments which may
be affected by landslides
80. Be prepared for aftershocks. Once the shaking
stops, take the fastest and safest way out of the
building
+Get out calmly in an orderly
manner. Do not rush to the exit.
What to do AFTER an earthquake
+Use the stairs. Do not use
elevators.
+Check yourself and others for
injuries.
81. Check surroundings.
+Clean up chemical spills, toxic
and flammable materials to avoid
any chain of unwanted events.
+Check for fire and if any, have
it controlled.
+Check water and electrical lines
for defects. If any damage is
suspected, turn the system off
in the main valve or switch.
Check your self and others for injuries.
82. If you need evacuate your residence, leave a
message stating where you are going.
+Take with you your earthquake survival
kit, which should contain all necessary
items for your protection and comfort.
83. Help reduce the number of casualties from the
earthquake:
+Don’t enter partially damaged
building, strong aftershocks
may
cause further collapse.
+ Keep updated on disaster
prevention instructions from
battery -operated radios.
+Obey public safety
precautions.
84. PHASES OF AN EARTHQUAKE DRILL
1. Alarm - 1-minute siren
2. Response - duck, cover and hold
3. Evacuation - proceed using pre-determined routes
4. Assembly - group together at pre-designated open area
5. Head count- check and account
6. Evaluation - identify problems and correct
