This presentation is all about Petroleum Engineering, Prospecting oil and gas, drilling and various drilling methods, logs and its types, different Drive Mechanisms, etc......
Geophysical Challenge in Oil and Gas ProjectGilang Wiranda
The Oil and Gas industries, especially in the exploration stage rely so much on subsurface earth condition information. Geophysical methods are tools that help deliver much information to obtain good decisions in the oil and gas projects. All of it comes with some challenges in various aspect.
This presentation is all about Petroleum Engineering, Prospecting oil and gas, drilling and various drilling methods, logs and its types, different Drive Mechanisms, etc......
Geophysical Challenge in Oil and Gas ProjectGilang Wiranda
The Oil and Gas industries, especially in the exploration stage rely so much on subsurface earth condition information. Geophysical methods are tools that help deliver much information to obtain good decisions in the oil and gas projects. All of it comes with some challenges in various aspect.
Some information regarding the basics and formation of petroleum and its by products and also its exploration methods.. also in new technology of discovery is included
inroduction of history petroleum and thier classiicationMohamed662807
{No “petroleum geology”; all oil discovered through seepages, shallow pits, and hand-dug shafts. (Appalachian, California, Baku, Ploesti, Peru, Egypt, Borneo...) }
“Anticlinal theory” known but not used in practice
First Drilling in America: using cable tool: to 70m’ in 1859
Drake well in 1859 first to discover oil (Pennsylvania)
First Product: Kerosene for lamps (Gasoline an unwanted by-product
inroduction of history petroleum and thier classiicationMohamed662807
{No “petroleum geology”; all oil discovered through seepages, shallow pits, and hand-dug shafts. (Appalachian, California, Baku, Ploesti, Peru, Egypt, Borneo...) }
“Anticlinal theory” known but not used in practice
First Drilling in America: using cable tool: to 70m’ in 1859
Drake well in 1859 first to discover oil (Pennsylvania)
First Product: Kerosene for lamps (Gasoline an unwanted by-product
In this slide, the Framework of Petroleum Geology is discussed with the Pure Science such as Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
Moreover, the composite relation is detailed with the initiative way to abandonment of the well.
Most Important factor, The Jobs crises is discussed !
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
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Similar to Lecture I Introduction to Oil&Gas (Reservoir Engineering).pdf
Some information regarding the basics and formation of petroleum and its by products and also its exploration methods.. also in new technology of discovery is included
inroduction of history petroleum and thier classiicationMohamed662807
{No “petroleum geology”; all oil discovered through seepages, shallow pits, and hand-dug shafts. (Appalachian, California, Baku, Ploesti, Peru, Egypt, Borneo...) }
“Anticlinal theory” known but not used in practice
First Drilling in America: using cable tool: to 70m’ in 1859
Drake well in 1859 first to discover oil (Pennsylvania)
First Product: Kerosene for lamps (Gasoline an unwanted by-product
inroduction of history petroleum and thier classiicationMohamed662807
{No “petroleum geology”; all oil discovered through seepages, shallow pits, and hand-dug shafts. (Appalachian, California, Baku, Ploesti, Peru, Egypt, Borneo...) }
“Anticlinal theory” known but not used in practice
First Drilling in America: using cable tool: to 70m’ in 1859
Drake well in 1859 first to discover oil (Pennsylvania)
First Product: Kerosene for lamps (Gasoline an unwanted by-product
In this slide, the Framework of Petroleum Geology is discussed with the Pure Science such as Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.
Moreover, the composite relation is detailed with the initiative way to abandonment of the well.
Most Important factor, The Jobs crises is discussed !
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
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CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
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An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
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In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
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TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Lecture I Introduction to Oil&Gas (Reservoir Engineering).pdf
1. ENERGY INDUSTRY:
FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL CONCEPTS
Kais Ben Abdallah, M.Sc., P.Eng, Ph.D. candidate.
ESPRIT
Department of Civil Engineering
Nov. 2020
2. PRESENTATION CONTENTS
Energy sector:
Driving key of investments: renewable energy or hydrocarbon resources?
What make price of oil and gas drop or rise?
Petroleum Engineering: basic concepts
What is Petroleum Engineering?
What Does Petroleum Mean?
Generation of Petroleum
Geology and exploration
3. BP Energy Review For 2019
JUNE 24, 2020
Technology
(improve supply)
Demand
(++needs)
Driving factors of Investment
($$$)
Driving factors of Investment
($$$)
Profit($$$)
Royal Dutch Shell
Revenue: 396.5 billion $USD (2018)
France Budget: 390 billion $USD (2018)
4.
5. What is Petroleum Engineering?
An engineering discipline concerned with the activities related to the production of
hydrocarbons, crude oil or natural gas.
Petroleum engineers are divided into several groups:
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
Petroleum geologists find hydrocarbons by analysing subsurface
structures with geological and geophysical methods.
Reservoir engineers work to optimize production of oil and gas
via proper well placement, production levels, and enhanced oil
recovery techniques
Drilling engineers manage the technical aspects of drilling
exploratory, production and injection wells. It also include mud
engineer who manage the quality of drilling fluid.
Production engineers, including subsurface engineers, manage
the interface between the reservoir and the well, including
perforations, sand control, downhole flow control, and downhole
monitoring equipment; evaluate artificial lift methods; and also
select surface equipment that separates the produced fluids (oil,
gas, and water).
6. What is Petroleum Engineering?
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=41&v=WH9D7aqOp0Q
7. What Does Petroleum Mean?
Petroleum literally means ‘rock oil’. The word comes from the Greek word ‘petra’
(meaning ‘rock’) and the Latin word ‘oleum’ (meaning ‘oil’).
Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring flammable liquid
consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various
molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found
in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface.
When it comes out of a well, the crude oil is often mixed with
gases, water and sand.
Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined
and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of
consumer products, from gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and
chemicals used to make plastics and pharmaceutical products.
PETROLEUM DEFINITION
8. Production Process of Hydrocarbons
The production process of hydrocarbons is commonly divided into Upstream and
Downstream parts:
PRODUCTION PROCESS OF HYDROCARBONS
The Downstream stage in the
production process involves processing
the materials collected during the
upstream stage into a finished product.
In the oil and gas industry, the
downstream process consists of
converting crude oil into other products
and then selling those products to
customers. Oil refineries represent
main structures that operate within the
downstream process.
The Upstream stage of the production process
involves searching for and extracting raw
materials. In the petroleum industry; locating
underground oil reserves (Petroleum geologists,
Reservoir engineers ) access to theses reserves
(Drilling engineers), and bringing oil and gas to
the surface (Production Engineers)
characterizes the upstream process.
9. Parameters Controlling Petroleum Occurrence
Source Rock
Source rocks are clay or carbonate organic rich
muds deposited under low energy conditions.
Fine grained sediment that has generated and
released enough hydrocarbons to form a
commercial accumulation of oil and gas.
The most important factor in the generation of
petroleum in source rock is temperature. The action
of heat on the insoluble organic matter (kerogen)
contained in source rocks leads to the formation of
oil and gas.
Reservoir Rock (classic definition)
A petroleum reservoir is a porous and permeable
rock in communication with a mature source bed.
Sandstones and carbonate rocks form the
overwhelming majority of reservoirs world-wide.
Under special circumstances, igneous and
metamorphic rocks can also act as petroleum
reservoirs.
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
10. Mechanisms Controlling Hydrocarbon Reserves
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Migration of Petroleum
Oil and gas move out of the source beds and
accumulate in the reservoir rocks.
The primary cause of movement of fluids is
compaction.
The transfer from source rocks to reservoir
rocks is called primary migration.
Movement of petroleum within the porous and
permeable reservoirs beds is known as
secondary migration.
Entrapment of Petroleum
Oil, gas and water slowly migrate through permeable rocks, driven by natural forces of
gravity (buoyancy) and pressure gradients (secondary migration).
When they meet an impermeable barrier, they can go no further, so oil and gas
accumulate. This barrier is generally referred to as a trap.
Varying densities make the gas phase rise, while the water settles to the lowest point, and
the oil remains in the middle.
11. Parameters Controlling Petroleum Occurrence
Traps
A traps is a an arrangement of impermeable rock layers that prevent hydrocarbon
from rising to the surface.
It can be structural traps, stratigraphic traps or a combination of both:
Structural traps: result from a local deformation such as folding and/or faulting
of the rock layers. The largest proportion of total proven reserves are associated
with structural traps.
Stratigraphic traps : result of a lateral variation in the lithology of the reservoir
rock, or a break in its continuity.
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Structural traps Stratigraphic traps
12. Geological cross-section: Ordovician formations.
explain how producing oil/gas in Tunisia is way more expensive than producing
from Libyan/Algerian reserves?
13. Oil Exploration Method (Mapping Potential Reservoir)
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
The selection of an effective exploration method is an important step to achieve success in oil
exploration. Several methods are present in natural resource discovery and can be grouped as
Surface and Sub-surface Methods.
Surface Methods: geological assessment
Surface (Remote) Sensing Method
Remote sensing refers to using infrared or other remote means to map an area.
This method is used to study the basic of petroleum geological conditions.
provide accurate visual data for directly determining geometric shapes of sedimentary
basins.
Companies are using remote sensing data as an initial exploration approach, however,
still need sub-surface exploration information to pinpoint the location of commercial
deposits.
15. Remote Sensing Method
Magnetic Methods:
Sedimentary rocks generally have a very small magnetic susceptibility compared
with metamorphic rocks, which tend to have a much higher magnetite (a common
magnetic mineral) content.
Magnetic surveys (i.e. using a magnetometer) over a given area allow a
prospector to determine where oil-bearing sedimentary rock is more likely to be
found.
The magnetometer measure the magnetic field generated by the different
overlying geological layers.
Fundamental Of Petroleum Engineering
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
16. GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
The micro-magnetometer is the most
common tool deployed for oil
exploration:
An airplane tows a micro-
magnetometer from a low altitude,
normally about 300 ft (≈90 m) above
the ground. It detects micro-
magnetic anomalies, or deviations
from the normal. Then, It transmits
data to a device on board which
records the information onto paper
or magnetic tape.
The micro-magnetic tool can be
also carried by ships for offshore
applications.
17. Remote Sensing Method
Gravity Methods:
The gravitational field of the earth varies slightly from one place to another. Some
of this variation occurs because the Earth is not a perfect sphere, and some is
related to differences in elevation on the Earth's surface.
Different types of rocks have different densities, and the denser rocks have the
greater gravitational attraction.
Geophysicists measure variations in the force of gravity from few miles beneath
the earth's surface.
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
If the higher-density rock formations are arched upward
in a structural high, such as an anticline, the Earth's
gravitational field will be greater over the axis of the
structure than along its flanks.
A salt dome, on the other hand, which is generally less
dense than the rocks into which it is intruded, can be
detected from the low value of gravity recorded
compared with that measured on either side.
Anticline reservoir (+ Anomaly)
Salt dome reservoir (- Anomaly)
18. Remote Sensing Method
Seismic Methods:
Seismic reflection, a powerful technique for underground exploration, has been used
for over 60 years. It will give more precise details on the formations beneath the
surface.
Seismic waves are essentially sound waves that travel underground at velocities of 2 to
4 miles per second (3 to 6 km per second), depending upon the type of rock through
which they pass.
The reflections of Seismic waves are recorded using geophones, instruments that allow
detection of ground motion. Geophones are laid along the ground at variable distances
from the shot. From the geophones, the wave will be send through cables to a recorder.
The recorder, a seismograph, amplifies and records the wave characteristics to produce
a seismogram.
Variations in the reflection times from place to place on the surface usually indicate
structural features in the strata below.
The information from a seismic survey (seismogram) indicates the types of rock, their
elative depth, and whether a trap is present.
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
20. GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Sub-surface Method (Mapping Potential Reservoir)
Once a potential geology is spotted through remote methods, a well
is drilled to explore potential reservoir.
Wireline tools (sensors) are introduced into the well to determine the
location of the oil bearing layers and the their corresponding
petrophysical data: hydrocarbon saturation, porosity, permeability
and geological layers.
Wireline tools (electrical, radioactive logs, and acoustic tools) help
geologists predict the location of the oil bearing layer and .
Wireline tools(Electrical logs, radioactivity logs, and acoustic logs)
Passive tools (gamma ray, spontaneous potential)
Porosity tools (density, sonic, neutron)
Resistivity tools
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Image logs
21. GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Sub-surface Geophysical Method
Well Correlations
Basic definitions
Porosity: the capacity of the rock to contain fluids
Saturation: the relative amounts of these fluids in the pore space (Swater, Soil, S gas; %)
Permeability: the ability of the fluids to flow through the rock (K absolute ; Darcy (D or md))
22. GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Core samples are collected from the top to the bottom of a well and shows the order of
the different rock layers as it appears in the ground.
Core samples also provide information on porosity, permeability, and fluid saturation
of rock in the well and reached as a cross-reference to calibrate data interpreted from
wireline logs
26. Correlate the permeability of
cores, measured in laboratory, to
Gamma Ray log readings
26
Correlation between Gamma-Ray (GR) curves
and cores data
GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
27. GEOLOGY AND EXPLORATION
Sonic Logs
continuous record of
the time taken in
microsecond/foot by
sound wave to travel
from the transmitter to
the receiver and the
sonde. the Average
Time equation , or also
know as Wyllie
equation, as below:
Electric Resistivity Logs
Resistivity-porosity cross-plot
for determining Rw and Sw
II.