CS5229 Lecture 1: Introduction to CS5229
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This document outlines a course on advanced computer networks. It discusses that the course will cover fundamental principles and techniques of computer networking through reading classic and influential papers. It notes that students are expected to be mature, independent, and resourceful, and that learning is more important than grades. The document also states that students should not ask if they need to memorize content, and emphasizes the importance of academic honesty with no copying allowed.
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David D. Clark's 1988 paper outlines the design philosophy of the early ARPANET network protocols. It describes how the ARPANET was designed to survive a nuclear war by using multiple redundant paths between hosts and dividing messages into blocks that could be forwarded independently through store-and-forward switching. The goal was to create a communications network that was robust and could continue operating even if parts of the network failed.
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The document discusses the characteristics of network traffic generated by online games. Some key points are:
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Lecture 0: Introduction to CS5229
This document outlines the syllabus for the course CS5229 Advanced Computer Networks at the National University of Singapore. The course covers fundamental principles and techniques in computer networking through reading classic and influential research papers. Students will complete three assignments involving surveying, measuring, and simulating computer networks, as well as midterm and final exams. Background knowledge in undergraduate-level networking concepts is assumed.
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The document discusses the design philosophy of the early Internet protocols. It describes how the Internet evolved from several disconnected networks used by researchers, and the challenges faced in connecting these networks. Key decisions included using a best-effort packet switching model instead of circuit switching, and storing connection state information at end systems instead of network nodes to improve reliability and scalability. This led to the development of foundational protocols like IP, TCP and UDP that have enabled the Internet to grow in an open and decentralized manner.
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1) An add-on was used to monitor the locations and session lengths of 1,100 random World of Warcraft players over 71 days.
2) The data collected includes metrics like the number of players in different zones over time, the distribution of session lengths, and availability of players.
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CS4344 Lecture 9: Traffic Analysis
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2. It describes how to compute cell-to-cell visibility by modeling it as a problem of finding a separating line between linearly separable point sets, and how to break cells into smaller cells if occlusion does not align with cell boundaries.
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CS4344 09/10 Lecture 3: Dead Reckoning and Local Perception Filter
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CS4344 09/10 Lecture 2: Consistency
1) The document discusses client-server architecture for multiplayer online games and the tradeoffs between consistency and responsiveness when synchronizing game states across clients.
2) User studies with games like Quake III Arena and Unreal Tournament found that latency below 100ms had little effect on gameplay but latency over 200ms started to become annoying to players.
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CS4344 09/10 Lecture 1: Introduction
This document provides an introduction to the CS4344 lecture on technical issues and solutions in networked and mobile game development. It outlines the course objectives, assessment breakdown, workload, and additional resources. The lecture then discusses key concepts like networked games, multiplayer game architectures, and the challenges of building consistent, responsive, fair, and scalable networked games over best-effort networks.
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This document summarizes a study on DNS performance and caching effectiveness. It analyzes DNS query logs from MIT networks over three 1-week periods. The study finds that A lookups have a cache hit rate of 80-87%, but caching is less effective due to browsers also caching. It also finds that unanswered lookups and referral loops generate a significant number of retransmissions, accounting for around 60% of all queries. Popular domains have shorter Time To Live (TTL) values that reduce over time.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 10: Internet Routing
The document discusses routing in computer networks and the findings of a study on internet routing paths. Some key points:
- Routing can occur both within autonomous systems (intra-domain) and between autonomous systems (inter-domain routing using BGP).
- A 1996 study found that approximately 50% of routes were asymmetric, with different paths for traffic between two points. Route persistence varied significantly between sites but paths often lasted hours or days.
- The study observed routing pathologies like loops and routing errors. Alternative paths sometimes had lower delay, loss rates or higher bandwidth, suggesting routes were not always optimal. Removing certain hosts or autonomous systems impacted the findings.
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The document summarizes Van Jacobson's 1988 paper on congestion avoidance and control in TCP. It describes how the original TCP specification led to congestion collapse in 1986 when network loads increased. Jacobson proposed modifications to TCP including slow start, congestion avoidance, and estimating retransmission timeouts (RTOs) based on measured variance in round-trip times. This introduced the concepts of additive increase, multiplicative decrease to gradually probe and respond to available bandwidth without overloading networks. The TCP Tahoe and Reno algorithms incorporated these ideas to provide early congestion control and avoidance in TCP.
Lecture 0: Introduction to CS5229
This document outlines the syllabus for the course CS5229 Advanced Computer Networks at the National University of Singapore. The course covers fundamental principles and techniques in computer networking through reading classic and influential research papers. Students will complete three assignments involving surveying, measuring, and simulating computer networks, as well as midterm and final exams. Background knowledge in undergraduate-level networking concepts is assumed.
Lecture 1: Design Principles of the Internet
The document discusses the design philosophy of the early Internet protocols. It describes how the Internet evolved from several disconnected networks used by researchers, and the challenges faced in connecting these networks. Key decisions included using a best-effort packet switching model instead of circuit switching, and storing connection state information at end systems instead of network nodes to improve reliability and scalability. This led to the development of foundational protocols like IP, TCP and UDP that have enabled the Internet to grow in an open and decentralized manner.
CS4344 Lecture 8: Hybrid Architecture
This document discusses different architectures for networked games, including centralized, peer-to-peer with central arbiter, mirrored servers, zoned servers, and supporting seamless game worlds. It proposes algorithms for partitioning a game world grid among servers to balance load and minimize communication costs, such as sorting cells by load and assigning them sequentially, or merging adjacent clusters iteratively. The optimal partitioning problem is NP-complete, so the clustering approach provides a heuristic solution.
CS4344 Lecture 10: Player Dynamics
1) An add-on was used to monitor the locations and session lengths of 1,100 random World of Warcraft players over 71 days.
2) The data collected includes metrics like the number of players in different zones over time, the distribution of session lengths, and availability of players.
3) The goal is to understand avatar mobility patterns in virtual environments to help with systems design issues like region partitioning and load balancing.
CS4344 Lecture 9: Traffic Analysis
This document analyzes the characteristics of network traffic generated by online multiplayer games like Counter-Strike. It finds that game traffic has predictable periodic patterns as servers regularly broadcast updates. Counter-Strike traffic in particular uses UDP, has an average packet size around 80 bytes, and accounted for 3rd largest source of UDP packets behind DNS and RealAudio at the time. The study collected 500 million packets from over 5,000 Counter-Strike clients over one week to analyze bandwidth usage and packet sizes.
CS5229 Lecture 9: Internet Topology
The document discusses models for generating internet topologies and summarizes research on characterizing real internet topologies. It describes modeling the internet as a graph at the router-level and AS-level. Random graph models like Waxman's method are discussed but do not capture the structure of the real internet. The transit-stub model generates hierarchical graphs but may not accurately reflect reality. Research by Faloutsos brothers found power-law relationships in measured internet topologies from 1997-1998, with a heavy-tailed degree distribution and number of node pairs within hops growing logarithmically. Later work found these properties still held. The document questions whether generated topologies exhibit these properties and how to generate topologies that follow power laws.
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The document discusses various methodologies for networking research, including measurement, experimentation, analysis, simulation, and their relationships. It notes that while measurement and experimentation deal with the real world, analysis and simulation use abstract models. Simulation is highlighted as particularly challenging for networking research due to the heterogeneous, huge scale, and constantly changing nature of the Internet.
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In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
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欧洲杯赌球-欧洲杯赌球买球官方官网-欧洲杯赌球比赛投注官网|【网址🎉ac55.net🎉】
【网址🎉ac55.net🎉】欧洲杯赌球是世界上历史最悠久的博彩公司之一。其历史可以追溯到十九世纪末，确切时间是1886年。这家英国公司拥有超过15000名员工，是博彩行业规模最大的公司。欧洲杯赌球是英国最受欢迎的实体博彩公司之一，其排名仅次于欧洲杯赌球，旗下2800家投注站遍布全英国。
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