Socialization is the lifelong process through which individuals learn the values, norms, and behaviors necessary to function in society, beginning at birth and continuing until death. Various forms of socialization, including primary, secondary, anticipatory, and re-socialization, involve different agents such as family, peers, and the media, each shaping an individual’s personality and actions in diverse ways. The importance of socialization lies in its role in developing personality, helping individuals acquire skills, and promoting societal stability and cultural continuity.

1. SOCIALIZATION
MRS TAFADZWA

2. DEFINITION
Socialization- is the process by
which someone learns the ways of
life of a given society or social
groups so he/she can function
within it.
Through this process, people learn
attitudes, ideas, values, norms,
morals and actions seen as
appropriate in that society.

3. FACTS ABOUT
SOCIALIZATION
It is a life long process
commencing at birth till death.
It links individuals to their
environment and involves patterns
of behaviour.
Its agents include family, school,
church, work place, and media.

4. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION
Occurs when a child learns the
attitudes, values, and actions
appropriate to individuals as
members of a particular culture.
It is mainly influenced by the
immediate family and friends
groups.

5. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
Primary socialization for a child is
very important because it sets the
ground work for all future
socialization.
For example if a child saw his/her
mother expressing a discriminatory
opinion about a minority group, then
that child may think this behavior is
acceptable and could continue to
have this opinion about minority.

6. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION
Secondary socialization refers to
the process of learning what is the
appropriate behavior as a member
of a smaller group within the
larger society.

7. 
Basically, it is the behavioral
patterns reinforced by socializing
agents of society. Secondary
socialization takes place outside the
home.
 It is where children and adults learn
how to act in a way that is
appropriate for the situations they
are in.

8. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION
 Anticipatory socialization refers to the processes of
socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future
positions, occupations, and social relationships.
 For example, a young lady in some African traditions
passes through initiation ceremony when she becomes
of age to prepare her for marriage.

9. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION
RE-SOCIALIZATION
 Re-socialization refers to the process of discarding
former behavior patterns and reflexes, accepting new
ones as part of a transition in one's life.
 This occurs throughout the human life cycle.
 Re-socialization can be an intense experience, with the
individual experiencing a sharp break with his or her
past, as well as a need to learn and be exposed to
radically different norms and values.

10. ORGANIZATIONAL SOCIALIZATION
 Organizational socialization is the process whereby an
employee learns the knowledge and skills necessary to
assume his or her organizational role.
 As newcomers become socialized, they learn about the
organization and its history, values, jargon, culture, and
procedures.
 This acquired knowledge about new employees' future
work environment affects the way they are able to
apply their skills and abilities to their jobs.

11. GROUP SOCIALIZATION
 Group socialization is the theory that an individual's
peer groups, rather than parental figures, influences his
or her personality and behavior in adulthood.
 Adolescents spend more time with peers than with
parents. Therefore, peer groups have stronger
correlations with personality development than
parental figures do.
 For example, twin brothers, whose genetic makeup are
identical, will differ in personality because they have
different groups of friends, not necessarily because
their parents raised them differently.

12. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
 The Family: The family is the most important agent of
socialization because it is the center of the child's life, as
infants are totally dependent on others.
 Not all socialization is intentional, it depends on the
surrounding.
 The most profound affect is gender socialization, however
the family also shoulders the task of teaching children
cultural values and attitudes about themselves and others.

13. RELIGION
 Religion: It is another important agent of socialization
that occurs formerly and in an informal way.
 Parental religious participation is the most influential
part of religious socialization—more so than religious
peers or religious beliefs.

14. PEER GROUP
 Peer group: A peer group is a social group whose
members have interests, social positions and age in
common.
 This is where children can escape supervision and learn
to form relationships on their own.
 The influence of the peer group typically peaks during
adolescence however peer groups generally only affect
short term interests unlike the family which has long
term influence.

15. ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
 Economic systems: Socialization within an
economic system is the process of learning
the consequences of economic decisions.
 Socialization impacts decisions regarding
"acceptable alternatives for consumption,"
"social values of consumption alternatives,"
the "establishment of dominant values,"
and "the nature of involvement in
consumption"

16. PENAL SYSTEMS
 Penal systems: The penal systems act as an agent of
socialization upon prisoners and the guards. Prison is a
separate environment from that of normal society;
prisoners and guards form their own communities and
create their own social norms. Guards serve as "social
control agents" who discipline and provide security.

17. MASS MEDIA
 The mass media are the means for delivering impersonal
communications directed to a vast audience.
 The term media comes from Latin meaning, "middle,"
suggesting that the media's function is to connect people.
 Since mass media has enormous effects on our attitudes
and behavior, notably in regards to aggression, it is an
important contributor to the socialization process.
 Other agents of socialization include the political and
education systems.

18. IMPORTANCE OF
SOCIALIZATION
 Socialization converts man, the
biological being into man, the social
being.
 Man is not born social; He becomes social
by virtue of the process of socialization.

19. SOCIALIZATION CONTRIBUTES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF
PERSONALITY
 Personality is a product of society.
 In the absence of groups or society, no man can develop
a personality of his own.
 But socialization is a process through which the
personality of the new born child is shaped and molded.

20. HELPS TO BECAME DISCIPLINED
 Socialization is social learning.
 Social learning is essentially the learning of rules of
social behavior.
 It is the values, ideals, aims and objectives of life and
the means of attaining them.
 Socialization disciplines an individual and helps him to
live according to the social expectations.

21. HELPS TO ENACT DIFFERENT ROLES
 Every individual has to enact different roles in his life.
 Every role is woven around norms and is associated with
different attitudes.
 The process of socialization assists an individual not
only to learn the norms associated with roles but also
to develop appropriate attitudes to enact those roles.

22. PROVIDES THE KNOWLEDGE OF SKILLS
 Socialization is a way of training the newborn individual
in certain skills, which are required to lead a normal
social life.
 These skills help the individual to play economic,
professional, educational, religious and political roles in
his latter life.

23. HELPS TO DEVELOP RIGHT ASPIRATION IN LIFE
 Every individual may have his own aspirations;
ambitions and desires in life.
 All these aspirations may not always be in consonance
with the social interests.
 Some of them even be opposed to the communal
interests.
 But through the process of socialization an individual
learns to develop those aspirations. Which are
complementary to the interests of society

24. CONTRIBUTES TO THE STABILITY OF THE SOCIAL
ORDER
 It is through the process of socialization that every new
generation is trained acceding to the Cultural goals,
ideals, and expectations of a society.
 It assures the cultural continuity of the society.
 At the same time, it provides enough scope for variety
and new achievements.
 Every new generation need not start its social life a
fresh.

25. HELPS TO REDUCE SOCIAL DISTANCE
Socialization reduces social distance
arid brings people together if proper
attention is given to it.
By giving proper training and
guidance to the children during their
early years, it is possible to reduce
the social distance between people
of different castes, races, regions,
religions and professions.

26. THE END
THANK YOU